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AS 1391-1991

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Methods for tensile testing of metals

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Superseded date

04-04-2023

Published date

01-01-1991

Publisher

Standards Australia

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1 - AS 1391-1991 METHODS FOR TENSILE TESTING OF METALS
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - 1 SCOPE
6 - 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
6 - 3 DEFINITIONS
6 - 3.1 Elongation
6 - 3.2 Extension
6 - 3.3 Extensometer
6 - 3.4 Gauge length
7 - 3.5 Maximum force (Fm )
7 - 3.6 Percentage reduction of area after fracture
7 - 3.7 Permanent set stress (Rr)
7 - 3.8 Proof elongation
7 - 3.9 Proof stress
7 - 3.10 Proving test
7 - 3.11 Strain
7 - 3.12 Stress
7 - 3.13 Tensile strength (Rm)
7 - 3.14 Test piece
7 - 3.15 Test sample
7 - 3.16 Test specimen
7 - 3.17 Yield
8 - 4 NOTATION
8 - 5 SELECTION, POSITION AND PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
8 - 5.1 General
8 - 5.2 Selection and positioning of test pieces
10 - 5.3 Separation of test specimen and test piece from test sample
10 - 5.4 Straightening test specimens or test pieces
10 - 5.5 Surface finish of test piece
10 - 5.6 Removal or retention of surface coatings or layers
10 - 6 DIMENSIONS OF TEST PIECES
10 - 6.1 General
11 - 6.2 Proportional test pieces of circular cross-section
11 - 6.3 Test pieces of rectangular cross-section
12 - 6.4 Product section test pieces
12 - 6.5 Test pieces from tube
13 - 6.6 Gripped ends
13 - 7 DETERMINATION OF CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA
13 - 7.1 Accuracy of measurement
13 - 7.2 For unmachined bar and uniformly parallel sections
13 - 7.3 For curved test pieces
13 - 7.4 For full-section round tubing
13 - 8 GAUGE LENGTH
13 - 8.1 Original gauge length
13 - 8.2 Extensometer gauge length
13 - 9 METHODS OF GRIPPING
14 - 10 TEMPERATURE OF TEST PIECE
14 - 11 ACCURACY OF TESTING EQUIPMENT
14 - 11.1 General
14 - 11.2 Force-measuring system
14 - 11.3 Extensometer
14 - 12 STRAIN RATE
14 - 12.1 General
14 - 12.2 Elastic strain rate
15 - 12.3 Plastic strain rate
15 - 13 DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE POSITION
15 - 13.1 General
15 - 13.2 For acceptance testing
16 - 14 DETERMINATION OF YIELD STRESSES (ReH , ReL)
16 - 14.1 Specified properties
16 - 14.2 Methods
16 - 14.3 Alternative values
16 - 15 DETERMINATION OF PROOF STRESSES (Rp , Rt)
16 - 15.1 General
16 - 15.2 Proof stress (non-proportional elongation) (Rp )
16 - 15.3 Proof stress (total elongation) (Rt)
16 - 15.4 Alternative values
16 - 16 DETERMINATION OF PERMANENT SET STRESS (Rr)
17 - 17 PROVING TEST FOR PERMANENT SET STRESS
17 - 18 DETERMINATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH (Rmm)
17 - 19 DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE ELONGATION AFTER FRACTURE (A)
17 - 19.1 General
17 - 19.2 Use of conversion equation
17 - 19.3 Fractures outside the central zone
17 - 20 DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE REDUCTION OF AREA (Z)
17 - 20.1 General
18 - 21 RECORD OF RESULTS
18 - 22 TEST REPORT
19 - APPENDIX A - PURCHASING GUIDELINES
19 - A1 GENERAL
19 - A2 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER
20 - APPENDIX B - NOTES ON THE DETERMINATION OF YIELD STRESSES AND PROOF STRESSES
20 - B1 OBSERVATIONS ON FORCE-EXTENSION DIAGRAMS
22 - B2 UPPER AND LOWER YIELD STRESSES
22 - B3 NON-PROPORTIONAL AND TOTAL ELONGATION PROOF STRESSES
22 - B4 COLD-STRAIGHTENED TEST PIECES
22 - B5 SLOPE OF ELASTIC SECTION OF CURVE
24 - APPENDIX C - NOTES ON STRAIN RATE CONTROL FOR THE DETERMINATION OF YIELD STRESS, PROOF STRESS AND PERMANENT SET STRESS
24 - C1 GENERAL
24 - C2 MEASUREMENT OF STRAIN RATE
24 - C3 MACHINE AND TEST PIECE BEHAVIOUR DURING TEST
25 - C4 STRAIN RATE CATEGORIES
26 - C5 METHODS OF CONTROL OF STRAIN RATE
26 - C5.1 By servo control
26 - C5.2 By the use of a strain rate meter
26 - C5.3 By control of grip separation rate
26 - C6 CALIBRATION OF EQUIPMENT USED TO PERFORM TESTING AT HIGH SUPPLEMENTARY STRAIN RATES
26 - C6.1 The force measuring system
26 - C6.2 Extensometer
27 - C7 DISCONTINUOUS YIELDING
27 - C8 STORED ENERGY AND ENERGY RELEASE AT YIELD
28 - APPENDIX D - ERRORS DUE TO THE USE OF SIMPLIFIED EQUATIONS IN THE DETERMINATION OF CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF LONGITUDINAL TUBE
29 - APPENDIX E - GUIDANCE ON DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE ELONGATION AFTER FRACTURE
29 - E1 MARKING OF GAUGE LENGTHS
29 - E2 MEASUREMENT
29 - E3 SURFACE FINISH
30 - APPENDIX F - GUIDANCE FOR PRODUCT STANDARDS DRAFTING COMMITTEES

Sets out requirements for test pieces and specifies methods for the uni-axial tensile testing of metals at room temperature to determine tensile strength, yield, proof and permanent set stresses and percentage elongation and reduction of area. It specifies a standard strain rate but allows the use of four supplementary strain rate categories for special test applications.

This Standard sets out methods by which a test piece of metal is strained in uni-axial tension at room temperature in order to determine one or more of its tensile properties. It defines the properties to be determined and the terms used in describing tests and test pieces. The Standard also specifies the dimensions of standard test pieces and methods for tensile testing a wide range of product forms. This Standard does not cover through thickness tensile tests, tensile tests at elevated temperature (see AS 2291), the determination of uniform elongation (see AS 2346), or the measurement of plastic strain ratio (see AS 2403).NOTES:1 The properties which are to be determined and the criteria for assessment of the results of tests are not included; they should be set out in the relevant product Standard.2 Advice and recommendations on information to be supplied by the purchaser at the time of enquiry and order for the testing to be performed are contained in Appendix A.

Committee	MT-006
DocumentType	Standard
ISBN	0 7262 6770 8
Pages	25
PublisherName	Standards Australia
Status	Superseded
SupersededBy	AS 1391-2005
Supersedes	AS 1391-1974 DR 83231
UnderRevision	DR 05050

First published as AS A23-1928 (being endorsement of BS 18-1910 without amendment).Second edition 1960 (being endorsement of BS 18-1956 subject to Australian amendment).Third edition 1964 (being endorsement of BS 18-1962 subject to Australian amendment).AS A23-1964 revised and redesignated AS 1391-1974.Second edition 1991. First published as AS A23-1928 (being endorsement of BS 18-1910 without amendment). Second edition 1960 (being endorsement of BS 18-1956 subject to Australian amendment). Third edition 1964 (being endorsement of BS 18-1962 subject to Australian amendment). AS A23-1964 revised and redesignated AS 1391-1974. Second edition 1991.

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AS/NZS 1554.3:2002	Structural steel welding - Welding of reinforcing steel
AS 2470-2005	Steel cylinders for compressed gases - Welded three-piece construction with longitudinal joint - 11 kg to 150 kg (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 4065-1992	Concrete poles for overhead lines and street lighting
AS 1418.18-2001	Cranes, hoists and winches Crane runways and monorails
AS 2470-1995	Steel cylinders for compressed gases - Welded - 11 kg to 150 kg
AS 2885.2-2002	Pipelines - Gas and liquid petroleum - Welding
AS 3819.1-1998	Heavy duty towing components 70 mm and 110 mm diameter towballs for heavy duty couplings (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS/NZS 3992:1998	Pressure equipment - Welding and brazing qualification
AS/NZS 1867:1997	Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Drawn tubes (Reconfirmed 2020)
AS/NZS 3509:2003	LP Gas fuel vessels for automotive use
AS/NZS 1574:1996	Copper and copper alloys - Wire for electrical purposes (Reconfirmed 2020)
AS 1831-2002	Ductile cast iron
AS 3822(INT)-1998	Test methods for bare overhead conductors
AS 3597-1993	Structural and pressure vessel steel - Quenched and tempered plate
AS 1649-1998	Timber - Methods of test for mechanical fasteners and connectors - Basic working loads and characteristic strengths
AS 3600-2001	Concrete structures
AS 1163-1991	Structural steel hollow sections
AS 2423-2002	Coated steel wire fencing products for terrestrial, aquatic and general use (Reconfirmed 2021)
AS 1746-1991	Conductors - Bare overhead - Hard-drawn copper
AS/NZS 4968.3:2003	Heavy-road vehicles - Mechanical coupling between articulated vehicle combinations Kingpins and associated equipment
AS 5047-2005	Hydraulic shoring and trench lining equipment
AS/NZS 4600:1996	Cold-formed steel structures
AS 1751-1999	Copper brazed steel tubes
AS/NZS 1554.2:2003	Structural steel welding Stud welding (steel studs to steel)
AS 2469-1998	Steel cylinders for compressed gases - Welded two-piece construction - 0.1 kg to 35 kg
AS 3990-1993	Mechanical equipment - Steelwork (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 1085.1-1995	Railway permanent way material - Part 1: Steel rails
AS 1796-1993	Certification of welders and welding supervisors
AS/NZS 1865:1997	Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Drawn wire, rod, bar and strip (Reconfirmed 2020)
AS 2280-1991	Ductile iron pressure pipes and fittings
AS/NZS 1664.2:1997	Aluminium structures Allowable stress design (Reconfirmed 2020)
AS 2885.1-1997	Pipelines - Gas and liquid petroleum Design and construction
AS 3975-1991	Aluminium alloys - Irrigation tube
AS 2175-1995	Articulated vehicles - Kingpins
AS 3577-1999	Steel cylinders for compressed gases - Welded - 150 kg to 500 kg
AS 2205.2.2-2003	Methods for destructive testing of welds in metal All-weld-metal tensile test
AS 1565-1996	Copper and copper alloys - Ingots and castings (Reconfirmed 2020)
AS/NZS 1594:2002	Hot-rolled steel flat products (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS/NZS 1573:1995	Copper and copper alloys - Wire for engineering purposes (Reconfirmed 2020)
AS 1085.2-2002	Railway track material Fishplates
AS 5100.6-2004	Bridge design - Steel and composite construction
AS/NZS 2544:1995	Grey iron pressure fittings
AS 1442-1992	Carbon steels and carbon-manganese steels - Hot-rolled bars and semifinished products
AS 1874-2000	Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Ingots and castings (Reconfirmed 2018)
AS 1472-2003	Carbon steel spring wire for mechanical springs
AS 1832-2002	Malleable cast iron
AS 3992-1992	Boilers and pressure vessels - Welding and brazing qualification
AS/NZS 1567:1997	Copper and copper alloys - Wrought rods, bars and sections (Reconfirmed 2021)
AS 1085.1-2002	Railway track material Steel rails (Reconfirmed 2013)
AS 1830-2002	Grey cast iron
AS 3822-2002	Test methods for bare overhead conductors
AS/NZS 3509:1996	LP gas fuel vessels for automotive use
AS/NZS 1568:1998	Copper and copper alloys - Forging stock and forgings
AS 1572-1998	Copper and copper alloys - Seamless tubes for engineering purposes (Reconfirmed 2018)
AS 1443-2004	Carbon and carbon-manganese steel - Cold finished bars (Reconfirmed 2022)
AS 1085.4-2002	Railway track material Fishbolts and nuts (Reconfirmed 2013)
AS 4100-1998	Steel structures (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 1569-1998	Copper and copper alloys - Seamless tubes for heat exchangers (Reconfirmed 2020)
AS/NZS 1734:1997	Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Flat sheet, coiled sheet and plate (Reconfirmed 2020)
AS 1403-2004	Design of rotating steel shafts (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 2074-2003	Cast steels
AS 1449-1994	Wrought alloy steels - Stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet and strip
AS 2875-1995	Alloy steel cylinders for compressed gases - Seamless - 0.1 kg to 500 kg
AS 2205.2.1-1997	Methods for destructive testing of welds in metal Transverse butt tensile test
AS/NZS 4673:2001	Cold-formed stainless steel structures
AS 4041-1992	Pressure piping
AS 2205.2.3-2003	Methods for destructive testing of welds in metal Transverse joggle-butt tensile test
AS 2266-2002	Carbon steel spring wire for bedding and seating
AS 1443-1994	Carbon steels and carbon-manganese steels - Cold-finished bars
AS 1085.2-1993	Railway permanent way material - Part 2: Fishplates
AS 1531-1991	Conductors - Bare overhead - Aluminium and aluminium alloy (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 1649-2001	Timber - Methods of test for mechanical fasteners and connectors - Basic working loads and characteristic strengths
AS/NZS 2280:2004	Ductile iron pipes and fittings
AS/NZS 4291.1:1995	Mechanical properties of fasteners Bolts, screws and studs
AS 2205.2.1-2003	Methods for destructive testing of welds in metal Transverse butt tensile test
AS/NZS 1594:1997	Hot-rolled steel flat products
AS 1085.4-1999	Railway permanent way material - Part 4: Fishbolts and nuts
AS 2429-2004	Electroplated coatings of rhodium for general engineering applications
AS/NZS 1595:1998	Cold-rolled, unalloyed, steel sheet and strip (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS/NZS 3679.1:1996	Structural steel Hot-rolled bars and sections
AS 1085.1-2000	Railway permanent way material Steel rails
AS 1394-2001	Round steel wire for ropes
AS/NZS 2280:1995	Ductile iron pressure pipes and fittings
AS 1085.11-1992	Railway permanent way material - Part 11: Head-hardened rails
AS/NZS 3200.2.32:1994	Approval and test specification - Medical electrical equipment Particular requirements for safety - Associated equipment of X-ray equipment
AS 1210-1997	Pressure vessels
AS 2205.2.2-1997	Methods for destructive testing of welds in metal - All-weld-metal tensile test
AS 2841-2005	Galvanized steel wire strand (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 1594-1992	Hot-rolled steel flat products
AS 2764-2002	Fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) aluminium alloy gas cylinders - Hoop overwrapped
AS 1548-1995	Steel plates for pressure equipment
AS/NZS 1873.4:2003	Powder-actuated (PA) hand-held fastening tools - Fasteners
AS 2469-2005	Steel cylinders for compressed gases - Welded two-piece construction - 0.1 kg to 150 kg
AS 1566-1997	Copper and copper alloys - Rolled flat products (Reconfirmed 2018)
AS 1665-1992	Welding of aluminium structures
AS 1418.7-1999	Cranes (including hoists and winches) Builders hoists and associated equipment
AS/NZS 1873.4:1994	Powder-actuated (PA) hand-held fastening tools - Fasteners
AS 1396-2000	Steel water bore casing
AS/NZS 3678:1996	Structural steel - Hot-rolled plates, floorplates and slabs
AS 1222.2-1992	Steel conductors and stays - Bare overhead Aluminium clad (SC/AC) (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 1777-1995	Aluminium cylinders for compressed gases - Seamless - 0.1 kg to 130 kg
AS/NZS 3863:2002	Galvanized mild steel wire for armouring of cables
AS/NZS 3679.2:1996	Structural steel - Welded I sections
AS/NZS 2041:1998	Buried corrugated metal structures
AS/NZS 1866:1997	Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod, bar, solid and hollow shapes (Reconfirmed 2020)
AS 1397-2001	Steel sheet and strip - Hot-dipped zinc-coated or aluminium/zinc-coated
AS/NZS 2280:1999	Ductile iron pressure pipes and fittings
AS 1222.1-1992	Steel conductors and stays - Bare overhead Galvanized (SC/GZ) (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS/NZS 1665:2004	Welding of aluminium structures (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS/NZS 1664.1:1997	Aluminium structures Limit state design (Reconfirmed 2020)
AS 2470-1998	Steel cylinders for compressed gases - Welded three-piece construction with longitudinal joint - 11 kg to 150 kg

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AS 1391-1991

Superseded

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