1 - AS/NZS 3947.1:1998 LOW-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR - GENERAL RULES
4 - PREFACE
8 - CONTENTS
11 - 1 General
11 - 1.1 Scope and object
12 - 1.2 Normative references
14 - 2 Definitions
18 - 2.1 General terms
18 - 2.1.1 switchgear and controlgear:
18 - 2.1.2 switchgear:
18 - 2.1.3 controlgear:
19 - 2.1.4 over-current:
19 - 2.1.5 short circuit:
19 - 2.1.6 short-circuit current:
19 - 2.1.7 overload:
19 - 2.1.8 overload current:
19 - 2.1.9 ambient air temperature:
19 - 2.1.10 conductive part:
19 - 2.1.11 exposed conductive part:
19 - 2.1.12 extraneous conductive part:
19 - 2.1.13 live part:
19 - 2.1.14 protective conductor (symbol PE):
19 - 2.1.15 neutral conductor (symbol N):
20 - 2.1.16 enclosure:
20 - 2.1.17 integral enclosure:
20 - 2.1.18 utilization category
20 - 2.1.19 isolation (isolating function):
20 - 2.1.20 electric shock:
20 - 2.2 Switching devices
20 - 2.2.1 switching device:
20 - 2.2.2 mechanical switching device:
20 - 2.2.3 semiconductor switching device:
20 - 2.2.4 fuse:
20 - 2.2.5 fuse-link:
20 - 2.2.6 fuse-element:
20 - 2.2.7 fuse-combination unit:
21 - 2.2.8 disconnector:
21 - 2.2.9 switch
21 - 2.2.10 switch-disconnector:
21 - 2.2.11 circuit-breaker:
21 - 2.2.12 contactor
21 - 2.2.13 semiconductor contactor
21 - 2.2.14 contactor relay:
21 - 2.2.15 starter:
21 - 2.2.16 control circuit device:
21 - 2.2.17 control switch
21 - 2.2.18 pilot switch:
22 - 2.2.19 push-button:
22 - 2.2.20 terminal block:
22 - 2.2.21 short-circuit protective device (SCPD):
22 - 2.2.22 surge arrester:
22 - 2.3 Parts of switching devices
22 - 2.3.1 pole of a switching device:
22 - 2.3.2 main circuit
22 - 2.3.3 control circuit
22 - 2.3.4 auxiliary circuit
22 - 2.3.5 contact
22 - 2.3.6 contact piece:
22 - 2.3.7 main contact:
22 - 2.3.8 arcing contact:
23 - 2.3.9 control contact:
23 - 2.3.10 auxiliary contact:
23 - 2.3.11 auxiliary switch
23 - 2.3.12 “a” contact - make contact:
23 - 2.3.13 “b” contact - break contact:
23 - 2.3.14 relay (electrical):
23 - 2.3.15 release
23 - 2.3.16 actuating system
23 - 2.3.17 actuator:
23 - 2.3.18 position indicating device:
23 - 2.3.19 indicator light:
23 - 2.3.20 anti-pumping device:
23 - 2.3.21 interlocking device:
23 - 2.3.22 terminal:
24 - 2.3.23 screw-type terminal:
24 - 2.3.24 screwless-type terminal:
24 - 2.3.25 clamping unit:
24 - 2.3.26 unprepared conductor:
24 - 2.3.27 prepared conductor:
24 - 2.4 Operation of switching devices
24 - 2.4.1 operation
24 - 2.4.2 operating cycle
24 - 2.4.3 operating sequence
24 - 2.4.4 manual control:
24 - 2.4.5 automatic control:
24 - 2.4.6 local control:
24 - 2.4.7 remote control:
24 - 2.4.8 closing operation
25 - 2.4.9 opening operation
25 - 2.4.10 positive opening operation
25 - 2.4.11 positively driven operation:
25 - 2.4.12 dependent manual operation
25 - 2.4.13 dependent power operation
25 - 2.4.14 stored energy operation
25 - 2.4.15 independent manual operation
25 - 2.4.16 independent power operation
25 - 2.4.17 actuating force (moment):
25 - 2.4.18 restoring force (moment):
25 - 2.4.19 travel
26 - 2.4.20 closed position
26 - 2.4.21 open position
26 - 2.4.22 tripping
26 - 2.4.23 trip-free mechanical switching device:
26 - 2.4.24 instantaneous relay or release:
26 - 2.4.25 over-current relay or release:
26 - 2.4.26 definite time-delay over-current relay or release:
26 - 2.4.27 inverse time-delay over-current relay or release:
26 - 2.4.28 direct over-current relay or release:
26 - 2.4.29 indirect over-current relay or release:
26 - 2.4.30 overload relay or release:
26 - 2.4.31 thermal overload relay or release:
27 - 2.4.32 magnetic overload relay or release:
27 - 2.4.33 shunt release:
27 - 2.4.34 under-voltage relay or release:
27 - 2.4.35 reverse current relay or release
27 - 2.4.36 operating current
27 - 2.4.37 current-setting
27 - 2.4.38 current setting range
27 - 2.5 Characteristic quantities
27 - 2.5.1 nominal value:
27 - 2.5.2 limiting value:
27 - 2.5.3 rated value:
27 - 2.5.4 rating:
27 - 2.5.5 prospective current
28 - 2.5.6 prospective peak current:
28 - 2.5.7 prospective symmetrical current (of an a.c. circuit):
28 - 2.5.8 maximum prospective peak current (of an a.c. circuit):
28 - 2.5.9 prospective making current (for a pole of a switching device):
28 - 2.5.10 prospective breaking current (for a pole of a switching device or a fuse):
28 - 2.5.11 breaking current (of a switching device or a fuse):
28 - 2.5.12 breaking capacity (of a switching device or a fuse):
28 - 2.5.13 making capacity (of a switching device):
29 - 2.5.14 short-circuit breaking capacity:
29 - 2.5.15 short-circuit making capacity:
29 - 2.5.16 critical load current:
29 - 2.5.17 critical short-circuit current:
29 - 2.5.18 Joule integral
29 - 2.5.19 cut-off current - let-through current:
29 - 2.5.20 time-current characteristic:
29 - 2.5.21 cut-off (current) characteristic - let-through (current) characteristic:
29 - 2.5.22 over-current protective co-ordination of over-current protective devices:
29 - 2.5.23 over-current discrimination:
30 - 2.5.24 back-up protection:
30 - 2.5.25 take-over current:
30 - 2.5.26 short-time delay:
30 - 2.5.27 short-time withstand current:
30 - 2.5.28 peak withstand current:
30 - 2.5.29 conditional short-circuit current (of a circuit or a switching device):
30 - 2.5.30 conventional non-tripping current (of an over-current relay or release):
30 - 2.5.31 conventional tripping current (of an over-current relay or release):
30 - 2.5.32 applied voltage (for a switching device):
30 - 2.5.33 recovery voltage:
31 - 2.5.34 transient recovery voltage (abbreviation TRV):
31 - 2.5.35 power-frequency recovery voltage:
31 - 2.5.36 d.c. steady-state recovery voltage:
31 - 2.5.37 prospective transient recovery voltage (of a circuit):
31 - 2.5.38 peak arc voltage (of a mechanical switching device):
31 - 2.5.39 opening time (of a mechanical switching device):
31 - 2.5.40 arcing time (of a pole or a fuse):
31 - 2.5.41 arcing time (of a multipole switching device):
31 - 2.5.42 break time:
31 - 2.5.43 make time:
31 - 2.5.44 closing time:
31 - 2.5.45 make-break time:
32 - 2.5.46 clearance:
32 - 2.5.47 clearance between poles:
32 - 2.5.48 clearance to earth:
32 - 2.5.49 clearance between open contacts (gap):
32 - 2.5.50 isolating distance (of a pole of a mechanical switching device):
32 - 2.5.51 creepage distance:
32 - 2.5.52 working voltage:
32 - 2.5.53 temporary overvoltage:
32 - 2.5.54 transient overvoltages:
32 - 2.5.55 impulse withstand voltage:
32 - 2.5.56 power-frequency withstand voltage:
33 - 2.5.57 pollution:
33 - 2.5.58 pollution degree (of environmental conditions):
33 - 2.5.59 micro-environment (of a clearance or creepage distance):
33 - 2.5.60 overvoltage category (of a circuit or within an electrical system):
33 - 2.5.61 co-ordination of insulation:
33 - 2.5.62 homogeneous (uniform) field:
33 - 2.5.63 inhomogeneous (non-uniform) field:
33 - 2.5.64 tracking:
33 - 2.5.65 comparative tracking index (CTI):
34 - 2.6 Tests
34 - 2.6.1 type test:
34 - 2.6.2 routine test:
34 - 2.6.3 sampling test:
34 - 2.6.4 special test:
34 - 3 Classification
35 - 4 Characteristics
36 - 4.1 General
36 - 4.2 Type of equipment
36 - 4.3 Rated and limiting values for the main circuit
36 - 4.3.1 Rated voltages
37 - 4.3.2 Currents
38 - 4.3.3 Rated frequency
39 - 4.3.4 Rated duties
40 - 4.3.5 Normal load and overload characteristics
41 - 4.3.6 Short-circuit characteristics
42 - 4.4 Utilization category
42 - 4.5 Control circuits
42 - 4.5.1 Electrical control circuits
43 - 4.5.2 Air-supply control circuits (pneumatic or electro-pneumatic)
43 - 4.6 Auxiliary circuits
43 - 4.7 Relays and releases
44 - 4.8 Co-ordination with short-circuit protective devices (SCPD)
44 - 4.9 Switching overvoltages
44 - 5 Product information
44 - 5.1 Nature of information
45 - 5.2 Marking
45 - 5.3 Instructions for installation, operation and maintenance
46 - 6 Normal service, mounting and transport conditions
46 - 6.1 Normal service conditions
46 - 6.1.1 Ambient air temperature
46 - 6.1.2 Altitude
46 - 6.1.3 Atmospheric conditions
47 - 6.1.4 Shock and vibration
48 - 6.2 Conditions during transport and storage
48 - 6.3 Mounting
48 - 7 Constructional and performance requirements
48 - 7.1 Constructional requirements
48 - 7.1.1 Materials
49 - 7.1.2 Current-carrying parts and their connections
49 - 7.1.3 Clearances and creepage distances
49 - 7.1.4 Actuator
50 - 7.1.5 Indication of the contact position
50 - 7.1.6 Additional constructional requirements for equipment suitable for isolation
51 - 7.1.7 Terminals
52 - 7.1.8 Additional requirements for equipment provided with a neutral pole
52 - 7.1.9 Provisions for protective earthing
53 - 7.1.10 Enclosures for equipment
54 - 7.1.11 Degrees of protection of enclosed equipment
54 - 7.1.12 Conduit pull-out, torque and bending with metallic conduits
54 - 7.2 Performance requirements
54 - 7.2.1 Operating conditions
56 - 7.2.2 Temperature-rise
57 - 7.2.3 Dielectric properties
59 - 7.2.4 Ability to make, carry and break currents under no-load, normal load and overload conditions
60 - 7.2.5 Ability to make, carry and break short-circuit currents
61 - 7.2.6 Switching overvoltages
61 - 7.2.7 Leakage currents of equipment suitable for isolation
61 - 7.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
61 - 7.3.1 General
62 - 7.3.2 Immunity
62 - 7.3.3 Emission
63 - 8 Tests
63 - 8.1 Kinds of test
63 - 8.1.1 General
63 - 8.1.2 Type tests
64 - 8.1.3 Routine tests
64 - 8.1.4 Sampling tests
64 - 8.2 Compliance with constructional requirements
64 - 8.2.1 Materials
65 - 8.2.2 Equipment
65 - 8.2.3 Enclosures for equipment
65 - 8.2.4 Mechanical properties of terminals
68 - 8.2.5 Verification of the effectiveness of indication of the main contact position of equipment suitable for isolation
69 - 8.2.6 Test for verification of clamping units transmitting contact pressure through insulating materials other than ceramics
70 - 8.2.7 Conduit pull-out test, torque test and bending test with metallic conduits
71 - 8.3 Performance
71 - 8.3.1 Test sequences
71 - 8.3.2 General test conditions
74 - 8.3.3 Performance under no-load, normal load and overload conditions
83 - 8.3.4 Performance under short-circuit conditions
89 - 8.4 Tests for EMC
89 - 8.4.1 Immunity
89 - 8.4.2 Emission
118 - Annex A - Examples of utilization categories for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
119 - Annex B - Suitability of the equipment when conditions for operation in service differ from the normal conditions
119 - B.1 Examples of conditions differing from normal
119 - B.2 Connections with other apparatus
119 - B.3 Auxiliary contacts
119 - B.4 Special applications
120 - Annex C - Degrees of protection of enclosed equipment
120 - Introduction
120 - C.1 Scope
120 - C.2 Object
120 - C.3 Definitions
120 - C.4 Designation
120 - C.5 Degrees of protection against access to hazardous parts and against ingress of solid foreign objects indicated by the first
121 - C.6 Degrees of protection against ingress of water indicated by the second characteristic numeral
121 - C.7 Degrees of protection against access to hazardous parts indicated by the additional letter
121 - C.8 Supplementary letters
121 - C.9 Examples of designations with IP Code
121 - C.10 Marking
121 - C.11 General requirements for tests
122 - C.12 Tests for protection against access to hazardous parts indicated by the first characteristic numeral
122 - C.13 Tests for protection against ingress of solid foreign objects indicated by the first characteristic numeral
122 - C.14 Tests for protection against water indicated by second characteristic numeral
123 - C.15 Tests for protection against access to hazardous parts indicated by additional letter
123 - C.16 Summary of responsibilities of relevant technical committees
127 - Annex D - Examples of terminals.
133 - Annex E - Description of a method for adjusting the load circuit
135 - Annex F - Determination of short-circuit power-factor or time-constant
135 - F.1 Determination of short-circuit power-factor
136 - F.2 Determination of short-circuit time-constant (oscillographic method)
137 - Annex G - Measurement of creepage distances and clearances
137 - G.1 Basic principles
137 - G.2 Use of ribs
142 - Annex H - Correlation between the nominal voltage of the supply system and the rated impulse withstand voltage of equipment
145 - Annex J - Items subject to agreement between manufacturer and user
146 - Annex K - Power-frequency dielectric tests
146 - K.1 General
146 - K.2 Power-frequency test as type test for verification of dielectric properties
149 - K.3 Power-frequency tests for verification of dielectric withstand after switching test with current or short-circuit test
150 - K.4 Verification of dielectric withstand after humidity treatment
150 - K.5 Power-frequency tests for verification of dielectric withstand during routine tests
151 - Annex L - Terminal marking and distinctive number
151 - L.1 General
151 - L.2 Terminal marking of impedances (alphanumerical)
153 - L.3 Terminal marking of contact elements for switching devices with two positions (numerical)
155 - L.4 Terminal marking of overload protection devices
156 - L.5 Distinctive number
157 - Annex M - Flammability test
157 - M.1 Hot wire ignition test
158 - M.2 Arc ignition test