Preface Note: In the designation for this Standard, and for all of its parts, \"ANSI/CSA C448\" has been changed to \"ANSI/ CSA/IGSHPA C448\". This change applies to all references throughout this Series. This is the first edition of the binational ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448 Series, Design and installation of ground source heat pump systems for commercial and residential buildings . It supersedes the previous editions published in 2013 and 2002 under the title, Design and installation of earth energy systems. The ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448 Series now consists of the following parts: a) ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.0, Design and installation of ground source heat pump systems — Generic applications for all systems; b) ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.1, Design and installation of ground source heat pump systems for commercial and institutional buildings; c) ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.2, Design and installation of ground source heat pump systems for residential and other small buildings; d) ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.3, Installation of vertical configured closed-loop ground source heat pump systems; e) ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.4, Installation of horizontal configured closed-loop ground source heat pump systems; f) ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.5, Installation of surface water (including submerged exchangers) heat pump systems; g) ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.6, Installation of open-loop systems ground water heat pump systems; h) ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.7, Installation of standing column well heat pump systems; and i) ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.8, Installation of direct expansion heat pump systems. ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.0 contains requirements applicable to any system within the scope of the ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448 Series. ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.2 has alternative requirements for houses and small buildings. For systems within the scope of ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.2, either ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.1 or ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.2 may be followed. Underground thermal energy storage systems formerly, contained within previous editions of this Standard under CSA C448.3, has been removed with UTS-specific information distributed among amended, distributed among, and included within ANSI/ CSA/IGSHPA C448.0 and ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.1, where appropriate. This edition introduces requirements for standing column well systems. CSA Group gratefully acknowledges the National Ground Water Association, Westerville, Ohio, USA for its permission to use material from ANSI/NGWA-01-14 (Water Well Construction Standard); and the International Ground Source Heat Pump Association, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA for its permission to use material from the IGSHPA Closed-loop/geothermal heat pump systems design and installation standards (2013 edition). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.0-16 - Design and installation of ground source heat pump systems — Generic applications for all systems Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to a) direct expansion ground source heat pumps for systems using ground heat exchangers as a thermal source or sink for heating and/or cooling, with or without a supplementary heating source; and b) unitary single package or split system liquid source and ground source heat pumps for all systems using groundwater, submerged heat exchangers, or ground heat exchangers as a thermal source or sink for heating and/or cooling, with or without a supplementary heating source. 1.2 This Standard also applies to thermal energy storage systems. 1.3 This Standard applies to new and retrofit installations. 1.4 This Standard covers minimum requirements for equipment and material selection, site survey, system design, installation, testing and verification, documentation, and commissioning and decommissioning. 1.5 This Standard applies to standing column well ground source heat pump systems. 1.6 The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only. 1.7 In this Standard, \"shall\" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; \"should\" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and \"may\" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.1-16 - Design and installation of ground source heat pump systems for commercial and institutional buildings Scope Clause 1 of ANSI/CSA C448.0 applies in this Standard. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.2-16 - Design and installation of ground source heat pump systems for residential and other small buildings Scope Clause 1 of ANSI/CSA C448.0 applies in this Standard. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.3-16 - Installation of vertical configured closed- loop ground source heat pump systems Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to vertical closed-loop ground heat exchangers that are to be connected to a ground source heat pump system and used as a thermal source or sink for heating and cooling applications. Vertical closed-loop ground heat exchangers that are intended for connection to a direct expansion ground source heat pump are covered under ANSI/CSA C448.8. 1.2 This Standard also applies to the vertical closed-loop ground heat exchanger portion of a thermal energy storage system. 1.3 This Standard covers the minimum requirements for site survey, material selections, installation, testing and verification, documentation, commissioning, and decommissioning. 1.4 The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only. 1.5 In this Standard, \"shall\" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; \"should\" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and \"may\" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.4-16 - Installation of horizontal configured closed-loop ground source heat pump systems Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to horizontal closed-loop ground heat exchangers that are to be connected to a ground source heat pump system and used as a thermal source or sink for heating and cooling applications. 1.2 This Standard also applies to the horizontal closed-loop ground heat exchanger portion of a thermal energy storage system. 1.3 This Standard covers the minimum requirements for site survey, material selections, installation, testing and verification, documentation, commissioning, and decommissioning. 1.4 The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in the parentheses are for information only. 1.5 In this Standard, \"shall\" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; \"should\" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and \"may\" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.5-16 - Installation of surface water (including submerged exchangers) heat pump systems Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to submerged closed loop heat exchangers, which are to be connected to a ground source heat pump system and used as a thermal source or sink for heating and cooling applications. 1.2 This Standard covers the minimum requirements for the site survey, material selections, installation, testing and verification, documentation, commissioning, and decommissioning. 1.3 The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in the parentheses are for information only. 1.4 In this Standard, \"shall\" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; \"should\" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and \"may\" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.6-16 - Installation of open ground water systems Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to open-loop heat exchangers which are to be connected to a ground source heat pump system and used as a thermal source or sink for heating and cooling applications. 1.2 This Standard covers the minimum requirements for site survey, material selections, installation, testing and verification, documentation, commissioning, and decommissioning. 1.3 The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in the parentheses are for information only. 1.4 In this Standard, \"shall\" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; \"should\" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and \"may\" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.7-16 - Installation of standing column well heat pump systems Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to standing column well (SCW) heat exchangers which are to be connected to a ground source heat pump system and used as a thermal source or sink for heating and cooling applications. 1.2 This Standard also applies to the standing column well heat exchanger portion of a thermal energy transfer system. 1.3 This Standard covers the minimum requirements for site survey, material selections, installation, testing and verification, documentation, commissioning, and decommissioning. 1.4 In this Standard, \"shall\" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; \"should\" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and \"may\" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ANSI/CSA/IGSHPA C448.8-16 - Installation of direct expansion heat pump systems Scope 1.1 This Standard applies to direct expansion ground source heat pumps for systems using ground heat exchangers as a thermal source or sink for heating and cooling, with or without a supplementary heating source. 1.2 This Standard applies to new and retrofit installations. 1.3 This Standard covers the minimum requirements for site surveys, material selections, installation, testing and verification, documentation, commissioning, and decommissioning. 1.4 This Standard applies for commercial, institutional, and residential applications. 1.5 The values given in SI (metric) units are the standard. The values given in the parentheses are for information only. 1.6 In this Standard, \"shall\" is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; \"should\" is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and \"may\" is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the standard. Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material. Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements. Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (nonmandatory) to define their application.