API 2021A : 1998

1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.2 A systematic approach to controlling fires in large
      aboveground storage tanks
1.3 How to use this publication
2 REFERENCES
2.1 Tank design, construction, safe work and operating practices
3 FIRE PREVENTION AND DESIGN
3.1 General
3.2 large aboveground tanks
3.3 Spill containment and control
3.4 Precautions against boilover
4 FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE SUPPRESSION
4.1 Detection
4.2 Fire suppression
4.3 Manual firefighting using portable and mobile equipment
4.4 Fixed water spray systems and exposure protection systems
4.5 Fire suppression considerations
APPENDIX A INCIDENT SUBMITTAL FORM
APPENDIX B ANALYSIS OF PAST FIRES
APPENDIX C SUMMARY OF CASE HISTORIES
APPENDIX D CRUDE OIL TANK BOILOVER, SLOPOVER, AND FROTHOVER
APPENDIX E FOAM FRICTION LOSS DATA
APPENDIX F PREVENTIVE DESIGN AND OPERATING PRACTICE
Figures
1 Cone-roof tank
2 Open-top floating-roof tank
B-1 Extent of single-tank fires (numbers of fires)
E-1 Static head conversion
E-2 Foam friction losses (2 1/2, 3-, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-inch pipe)
E-3 Foam friction losses (12-, 14-, 16-, 18-, 20- and 24-inch pipe)
E-4 Foam velocity versus foam rate: schedule 40
      (2 1/2, 3-, 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-, 12- and 14-inch pipe)
E-5 Foam velocity versus expanded foam rate: schedule
      40 (14-, 16- and 18-inch pipe)
E-6 Foam velocity versus expanded foam rate: schedule
      40 (20- and 24-inch pipe)
Tables
1 Typical water supply requirements for foam application
      (250-foot-diameter tank)
B-1 Type of tank design in case histories
B-2 Causes of large aboveground tank fires
B-3 Extent of tank fire by tank design
B-4 Extinguishment of external floating-roof tanks
B-5 Extinguishment of internal floating-roof tanks
E-1 Application method for fixed chambers of monitors
E-2 Minimum application time and minimum number of hose
      streams required for a given tank size