API 571 : 2011
Superseded
Superseded
A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
View Superseded by
superseded
A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
DAMAGE MECHANISMS AFFECTING FIXED EQUIPMENT IN THE REFINING INDUSTRY
Available format(s)
Hardcopy , PDF
Superseded date
07-04-2020
Language(s)
English
Published date
01-04-2011
Publisher
SECTION 1
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scope
1.3 Organization and Use
1.4 References
1.5 Definitions of Terms
1.6 Technical Inquires
SECTION 2
2.1 Standards
2.2 Other References
SECTION 3
3.1 Terms
3.2 Symbols and Abbreviations
SECTION 4
4.1 General
4.2 Mechanical and Metallurgical Failure Mechanisms
4.3 Uniform or Localized Loss of Thickness
4.4 High Temperature Corrosion [>400 degrees F
(204 degrees C)]
4.5 Environment - Assisted Cracking
SECTION 5
5.1 General
5.2 Process Unit PFD's
ANNEX A
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Inquiry Format
Gives general guidance as to the most likely damage mechanisms affecting common alloys used in the refining and petrochemical industry and is intended to introduce the concepts of service-induced deterioration and failure modes.
| DevelopmentNote |
French and German translations of 1ED 2003 edition are still available, see API 571 FRENCH and API 571 GERMAN records respectively. (04/2011) Also available in Chinese edition, see API 571 CHINESE. (04/2016)
|
| DocumentType |
Standard
|
| Pages |
372
|
| PublisherName |
American Petroleum Institute
|
| Status |
Superseded
|
| SupersededBy | |
| Supersedes |
| API 574 REDLINE : 2009 | INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PIPING SYSTEM COMPONENTS |
| API 578 REDLINE : 2010 | MATERIAL VERIFICATION PROGRAM FOR NEW AND EXISTING ALLOY PIPING SYSTEMS |
| EI SAND EROSION & EROSION-CORROSION : 2017 | GUIDELINES ON SAND EROSION AND EROSION-CORROSION MANAGEMENT |
| API 664 : 2014 | SPIRAL PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS |
| BS EN ISO 12211:2012 | Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Spiral plate heat exchangers |
| API 572 CHINESE : 2009 | INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PRESSURE VESSELS |
| NACE SP 04 07 : 2013 | FORMAT, CONTENT, AND OTHER GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING A MATERIALS SELECTION DIAGRAM |
| API 572 : 2016 | INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PRESSURE VESSELS |
| NACE RP 02 05 : 2005 | RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR THE DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND INSPECTION OF TANKS FOR THE STORAGE OF PETROLEUM REFINING ALKYLATION UNIT SPENT SULFURIC ACID AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES |
| API 575 : 2014 | INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANKS |
| ASME PTB 2 : 2009 | GUIDE TO LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT INTEGRITY |
| PIP VECV1001 : 2017 | DESIGN CRITERIA AND PURCHASING REQUIREMENTS FOR VESSELS ASME CODE SECTION 8, DIVISIONS 1 AND 2 |
| ASME FFS 1 : 2007 | FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE |
| BS EN ISO 12212:2012 | Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Hairpin-type heat exchangers |
| API 572 REDLINE : 2009 | INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PRESSURE VESSELS |
| API 581 REDLINE : 2008 | RISK-BASED INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY |
| API 584 : 2014 | INTEGRITY OPERATING WINDOWS |
| API 660 : 2015 | SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS |
| EN 16991:2018 | Risk-based inspection framework |
| I.S. EN ISO 13706:2011 | PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS (ISO 13706:2011) |
| ASME PCC 2 : 2015 | REPAIR OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT AND PIPING |
| API 570 REDLINE : 2009 | PIPING INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION OF PIPING SYSTEMS |
| UNI/TS 11325-1 : 2009 | PRESSURE EQUIPMENT - PUTTING INTO SERVICE AND USE OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT AND ASSEMBLIES - PART 1: ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRITY AND EFFICIENCY OF IN-SERVICE PIPELINES FOR THE PURPOSES OF PERIODIC REQUALIFICATION |
| API TR 942-B : 2017 | MATERIAL, FABRICATION, AND REPAIR CONSIDERATIONS FOR AUSTENITIC ALLOYS SUBJECT TO EMBRITTELEMENT AND CRACKING IN HIGH TEMPERATURE 565 DEGREES C TO 760 DEGREES C (1050 DEGREES F TO 1400 DEGREES F) REFINERY SERVICES |
| API 663 : 2014 | HAIRPIN-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS |
| API RP 2611 : 2011 | TERMINAL PIPING INSPECTION - INSPECTION OF IN-SERVICE TERMINAL PIPING SYSTEMS |
| API 578 : 2018 | GUIDELINES FOR A MATERIAL VERIFICATION PROGRAM (MVP) FOR NEW AND EXISTING ASSETS |
| API 939-C : 2009 | GUIDELINES FOR AVOIDING SULFIDATION (SULFIDIC) CORROSION FAILURES IN OIL REFINERIES |
| I.S. EN 16991:2018 | RISK-BASED INSPECTION FRAMEWORK |
| I.S. EN ISO 12211:2012 | PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - SPIRAL PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS (ISO 12211:2012) |
| NACE SP 02 05 : 2010 | DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND INSPECTION OF TANKS FOR THE STORAGE OF PETROLEUM REFINING ALKYLATION UNIT SPENT SULFURIC ACID AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES |
| UNI EN ISO 12211 : 2012 | PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - SPIRAL PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS |
| API 551 : 2016 | PROCESS MEASUREMENT |
| EEMUA 211 : 2016 | GUIDANCE ON THE SPECIFICATION OF PRESSURE VESSELS |
| EN ISO 12212:2012 | Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Hairpin-type heat exchangers (ISO 12212:2012) |
| EN ISO 12211:2012 | Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Spiral plate heat exchangers (ISO 12211:2012) |
| UNI EN ISO 13706 : 2012 | PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS |
| I.S. EN ISO 12212:2012 | PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - HAIRPIN-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS (ISO 12212:2012) |
| API 570 : 2016 | PIPING INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION OF PIPING SYSTEMS |
| 10/30196259 DC : 0 | BS EN ISO 12212 - PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - HAIRPIN-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS |
| API 661 : 2015 | PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL, AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS |
| EEMUA 230 : 2014 | AGEING ROTATING EQUIPMENT - GUIDE FOR MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION |
| API 970 : 2017 | CORROSION CONTROL DOCUMENTS |
| API 573 : 2013 | INSPECTION OF FIRED BOILERS AND HEATERS |
| API 510 CHINESE : 2014 | PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION |
| API 570 CHINESE : 2009 | PIPING INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION OF PIPING SYSTEMS |
| API 691 : 2017 | RISK-BASED MACHINERY MANAGEMENT |
| UNI EN ISO 12212 : 2012 | PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - HAIRPIN-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS |
| API 579-1 : 2016 | FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE |
| ISO 13706:2011 | Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Air-cooled heat exchangers |
| ISO 12212:2012 | Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Hairpin-type heat exchangers |
| EN ISO 13706:2011 | Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Air-cooled heat exchangers (ISO 13706:2011) |
| NACE 34108 : 0 | REVIEW AND SURVEY OF ALKALINE CARBONATE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING IN REFINERY SOUR WATERS |
| 16/30337806 DC : 0 | BS EN 16991 - RISK BASED INSPECTION FRAMEWORK (RBIF) |
| API 580 : 2016 | RISK-BASED INSPECTION |
| API 510 : 2014 | PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION |
| NACE SP 04 03 : 2015 | AVOIDING CAUSTIC STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF REFINERY EQUIPMENT AND PIPING |
| API 576 : 2017 | INSPECTION OF PRESSURE-RELIEVING DEVICES |
| API 574 : 2016 | INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PIPING SYSTEM COMPONENTS |
| API 580 REDLINE : 2009 | RISK-BASED INSPECTION |
| API 574 CHINESE : 2009 | INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PIPING SYSTEM COMPONENTS |
| UNI/TS 11325-9 : 2013 | PRESSURE EQUIPMENT - PUTTING INTO SERVICE AND USE OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT AND ASSEMBLIES - PART 9: FITNESS FOR SERVICE |
| API 585 : 2014 | PRESSURE EQUIPMENT INTEGRITY INCIDENT INVESTIGATION |
| UNI/TS 11325-8 : 2013 | PRESSURE EQUIPMENT - PUTTING INTO SERVICE AND USE OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT AND ASSEMBLIES - PART 8: PLANNING OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE BY MEANS OF TECHNIQUES BASED ON RISK ASSESSMENT (RBI) |
| API 583 : 2014 | CORROSION UNDER INSULATION AND FIREPROOFING |
| API 575 CHINESE : 2014 | INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANKS |
| API 581 : 2016 | RISK-BASED INSPECTION METHODOLOGY |
| BS EN ISO 13706:2011 | Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Aircooled heat exchangers |
| ISO 12211:2012 | Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Spiral plate heat exchangers |
| NACE 8X194 : 2006 | MATERIALS AND FABRICATION PRACTICES FOR NEW PRESSURE VESSELS USED IN WET H[2]S REFINERY SERVICE |
| ASME PV CODE 8 DIV 2 : 2017 | BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE - RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS DIVISION 2- ALTERNATIVE RULES |
| API 932B : 2012 | DESIGN, MATERIALS, FABRICATION, OPERATION, AND INSPECTION GUIDELINES FOR CORROSION CONTROL IN HYDROPROCESSING REACTOR EFFLUENT AIR COOLER (REAC) SYSTEMS |
| API 934-C : 2008 | MATERIALS AND FABRICATION OF 1 [1/4]CR-[1/2]MO STEEL HEAVY WALL PRESSURE VESSELS FOR HIGH-PRESSURE HYDROGEN SERVICE OPERATING AT OR BELOW 825 DEGREES F (441 DEGREES C) |
| ASME PV CODE 8 DIV 1 : 2017 | BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE - RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS DIVISION 1 |
| API 653 : 2014 | TANK INSPECTION, REPAIR, ALTERATION, AND RECONSTRUCTION |
| API 581 : 2016 | RISK-BASED INSPECTION METHODOLOGY |
| API 510 : 2014 | PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION |
| NACE RP 01 98 : 2004 | THE CONTROL OF CORROSION UNDER THERMAL INSULATION AND FIREPROOFING MATERIALS - A SYSTEMS APPROACH |
| API 939-E : 2013 | IDENTIFICATION, REPAIR, AND MITIGATION OF CRACKING OF STEEL EQUIPMENT IN FUEL ETHANOL SERVICE |
| API TR 934-D : 2010 | TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE MATERIALS AND FABRICATION ISSUES OF 1[1/4]CR-[1/2]MO AND 1CR-[1/2]MO STEEL PRESSURE VESSELS |
| API 578 : 2010 | GUIDELINES FOR A MATERIAL VERIFICATION PROGRAM (MVP) FOR NEW AND EXISTING ASSETS |
| API 580 : 2016 | RISK-BASED INSPECTION |
| NACE 34105 : 0 | EFFECT OF NONEXTRACTABLE CHLORIDES ON REFINERY CORROSION AND FOULING |
| NACE SP 04 72 : 2015 | METHODS AND CONTROLS TO PREVENT IN-SERVICE ENVIRONMENTAL CRACKING OF CARBON STEEL WELDMENTS IN CORROSIVE PETROLEUM REFINING ENVIRONMENTS |
| API 939-C : 2009 | GUIDELINES FOR AVOIDING SULFIDATION (SULFIDIC) CORROSION FAILURES IN OIL REFINERIES |
| ASME FFS 1 : 2007 | FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE |
| API 660 : 2015 | SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS |
| NACE SP 05 90 : 2015 | PREVENTION, DETECTION, AND CORRECTION OF DEAERATOR CRACKING |
| API 941 : 2016 | STEELS FOR HYDROGEN SERVICE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES IN PETROLEUM REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS |
| API 530 : 2015 | CALCULATION OF HEATER-TUBE THICKNESS IN PETROLEUM REFINERIES |
| NACE RP 02 96 : 2004 | GUIDELINES FOR DETECTION, REPAIR, AND MITIGATION OF CRACKING OF EXISTING PETROLEUM REFINERY PRESSURE VESSELS IN WET H[2]S ENVIRONMENTS |
| NACE RP 01 70 : 2004 | PROTECTION OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS AND OTHER AUSTENITIC ALLOYS FROM POLYTHIONIC ACID STRESS CORROSION CRACKING DURING SHUTDOWN OF REFINERY EQUIPMENT |
| API TR 939-D : 2007 | STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF CARBON STEEL IN FUEL-GRADE ETHANOL: REVIEW, EXPERIENCE SURVEY, FIELD MONITORING, AND LABORATORY TESTING |
| API 934-A : 2008 | MATERIALS AND FABRICATION OF 2 [1/4]CR-1MO, 2 [1/4]CR-1MO-[1/4]V, 3CR-1MO, AND 3CR-1MO-[1/4]V STEEL HEAVY WALL PRESSURE VESSELS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE, HIGH-PRESSURE HYDROGEN SERVICE |
| API 582 : 2016 | WELDING GUIDELINES FOR THE CHEMICAL, OIL, AND GAS INDUSTRIES |
| API 934-E : 2010 | RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MATERIALS AND FABRICATION OF 1[1/4]CR-[1/2]MO STEEL PRESSURE VESSELS FOR SERVICE ABOVE 825 DEGREES F (440 DEGREES C) |
| API TR 934-B : 2011 | FABRICATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR VANADIUM-MODIFIED CR-MO STEEL HEAVY WALL PRESSURE VESSELS |
| API 570 : 2016 | PIPING INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION OF PIPING SYSTEMS |
| ASME PV CODE 3 APP DIV 1 : 2017 | BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE - RULES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR FACILITY COMPONENTS - APPENDICES |
| NACE RP 01 69 : 2002 | CONTROL OF EXTERNAL CORROSION ON UNDERGROUND OR SUBMERGED METALLIC PIPING SYSTEMS |
| API 579-1 : 2016 | FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE |
| NACE 5A171 : 2007 | MATERIALS FOR STORING AND HANDLING COMMERCIAL GRADES OF AQUEOUS HYDROFLUORIC ACID AND ANHYDROUS HYDROGEN FLUORIDE |
| NACE RP 02 94 : 0 | DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND INSPECTION OF TANKS FOR THE STORAGE OF CONCENTRATED SULFURIC ACID AND OLEUM AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES |
| NACE 34108 : 0 | REVIEW AND SURVEY OF ALKALINE CARBONATE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING IN REFINERY SOUR WATERS |
| API 577 : 2013 | WELDING PROCESSES, INSPECTION, AND METALLURGY |
| NACE SP 04 03 : 2015 | AVOIDING CAUSTIC STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF REFINERY EQUIPMENT AND PIPING |
| API 751 : 2013 | SAFE OPERATION OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID ALKYLATION UNITS |
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