AS 2159-1995

1 - AS 2159-1995 PILING - DESIGN AND INSTALLATION
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - FOREWORD
8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.2 APPLICATION
8 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
9 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
9 - 1.4.1 Bored cast-in-place pile
9 - 1.4.2 Cased pile
9 - 1.4.3 Characteristic strength
9 - 1.4.4 Cone penetration test (CPT)
9 - 1.4.5 Continuous flight auger pile (CFA)
9 - 1.4.6 Design action
9 - 1.4.7 Design action effect-S*
9 - 1.4.8 Design geotechnical strength
9 - 1.4.9 Design serviceability load
9 - 1.4.10 Design structural strength
9 - 1.4.11 Driven cast-in-place pile
9 - 1.4.12 Driven preformed pile
9 - 1.4.13 Durability
9 - 1.4.14 End bearing pile
9 - 1.4.15 Footing
10 - 1.4.16 Foundation
10 - 1.4.17 Friction pile
10 - 1.4.18 Ground anchor
10 - 1.4.19 Limit state
10 - 1.4.20 Pile
10 - 1.4.21 Pile group
10 - 1.4.22 Pile head
10 - 1.4.23 Pile heave
10 - 1.4.24 Professional engineer
10 - 1.4.25 Raking pile
10 - 1.4.26 Serviceability
10 - 1.4.27 Set
10 - 1.4.28 Standard penetration test (SPT)
10 - 1.4.29 Temporary compression
10 - 1.4.30 Test pile
10 - 1.4.31 Toe
10 - 1.4.32 Ultimate geotechnical strength
10 - 1.4.33 Ultimate structural strength
10 - 1.5 NOTATION
12 - 1.6 CLASSIFICATION OF PILES
12 - 1.6.1 General
12 - 1.6.2 Displacement piles
12 - 1.6.3 Non-displacement piles
12 - 1.6.4 Partial displacement, post-grouted and preloaded non-displacement piles
13 - 1.7 USE OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS OR METHODS
13 - 1.7.1 General
13 - 1.7.2 Existing structures
14 - SECTION 2 SITE INVESTIGATIONS
14 - 2.1 SITE INVESTIGATION
14 - 2.2 INFORMATION REQUIRED
15 - SECTION 3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES
15 - 3.1 AIM
15 - 3.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
15 - 3.2.1 General
15 - 3.2.2 Design for ultimate strength
16 - 3.2.3 Design for serviceability
16 - 3.2.4 Design for durability
16 - 3.2.5 Design for other relevant requirements
16 - 3.3 LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR STRENGTH AND SERVICE ABILITY DESIGN
16 - 3.3.1 Loads and other actions
17 - 3.3.2 Load combinations for strength design
17 - 3.3.3 Load combinations for serviceability design
18 - SECTION 4 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN
18 - 4.1 SCOPE
18 - 4.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL STRENGTH DESIGN
18 - 4.2.1 Design geotechnical strength
18 - 4.2.2 Assessment of geotechnical strength reduction factor
18 - 4.2.3 Assessment of ultimate geotechnical strength
20 - 4.3 DETAILED DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR STRENGTH
20 - 4.3.1 Ultimate geotechnical strength in compression
20 - 4.3.2 Ultimate geotechnical strength in uplift
20 - 4.3.3 Ultimate geotechnical strength of a pile group in compression or uplift
21 - 4.3.4 Combined pile and raft footing
22 - 4.3.5 Negative friction
22 - 4.3.6 Soil swelling
22 - 4.3.7 Ultimate geotechnical strength for lateral loading
22 - 4.3.8 Cyclic loading
22 - 4.3.9 Dynamic loading
22 - 4.3.10 Earthquake loading
23 - 4.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN FOR SERVICEABILITY
23 - 4.4.1 Design actions
23 - 4.4.2 Design criteria
23 - 4.4.3 Deflection limits
23 - 4.4.4 Geotechnical parameters, for serviceability limit states
23 - 4.5 DETAILED DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR SERVICEABILITY
23 - 4.5.1 Deflection of a pile
23 - 4.5.2 Combined pile and raft footing
23 - 4.5.3 Settlement due to negative friction
23 - 4.5.4 Pile heave due to soil swelling
24 - 4.5.5 Deflection due to cyclic, dynamic and torsional or other loads
25 - SECTION 5 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
25 - 5.1 SCOPE
25 - 5.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL STRENGTH DESIGN
25 - 5.2.1 Design structural strength
25 - 5.2.2 Design bending moment
25 - 5.2.3 Buckling of a pile
25 - 5.2.4 Pile splice
26 - 5.3 CONCRETE AND GROUT PILES
26 - 5.3.1 General
26 - 5.3.2 Strength reduction factors - concrete piles
26 - 5.3.3 Strength reduction factors- grout piles
26 - 5.3.4 Reinforcement requirement
26 - 5.3.5 Partially reinforced pile
27 - 5.3.6 Unreinforced piles
27 - 5.3.7 Prestressed concrete pile
27 - 5.3.8 Lateral restraint of longitudinal reinforcement and tendons
27 - 5.4 STEEL PILES
27 - 5.5 COMPOSITE STEEL CONCRETE PILES
27 - 5.6 TIMBER PILES
27 - 5.6.1 General
28 - 5.6.2 Cross-sectional area
28 - 5.6.3 Timber pile splices
28 - 5.6.4 Connection details
30 - SECTION 6 DESIGN FOR DURABILITY
30 - 6.1 SCOPE
30 - 6.2 DESIGN FOR DURABILITY OF CONCRETE PILES
30 - 6.2.1 General
30 - 6.2.2 Design life
30 - 6.2.3 Exposure classification for concrete piles
30 - 6.2.4 Durability requirements
32 - 6.3 DESIGN FOR DURABILITY OF STEEL PIPES
32 - 6.3.1 General
32 - 6.3.2 Design life
32 - 6.3.3 Exposure classification for steel piles
32 - 6.3.4 Corrosion allowance for steel piles
34 - 6.3.5 Coating protection systems
34 - 6.3.6 Cathodic protection
34 - 6.4 DESIGN FOR DURABILITY OF TIMBER PILES
34 - 6.4.1 Design life
34 - 6.4.2 Timber selection and treatment
34 - 6.4.3 Timber preservation
34 - 6.4.4 Treatment after cut-off
34 - 6.4.5 Marine piles
35 - SECTION 7 MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
35 - 7.1 GENERAL
35 - 7.1.1 All materials
35 - 7.1.2 Concrete
35 - 7.1.3 Grout
35 - 7.1.4 Steel
35 - 7.1.5 Timber
35 - 7.2 TOLERANCES AND DEFECTS
35 - 7.2.1 Positional tolerances
35 - 7.2.2 Cut-off levels
35 - 7.2.3 Trimming and capping
36 - 7.2.4 Variation in pile depths
36 - 7.2.5 Defective piles
36 - 7.3 DISPLACEMENT PILES - PREFORMED
36 - 7.3.1 Dimensional tolerances
36 - 7.3.2 Handling and storage
37 - 7.3.3 Installation
38 - 7.4 DISPLACEMENT PILES - DRIVEN CAST-IN-PLACE
38 - 7.4.1 Dimensional accuracy
38 - 7.4.2 Liners
38 - 7.4.3 Construction
39 - 7.5 NON-DISPLACEMENT PILES
39 - 7.5.1 Dimensional accuracy
39 - 7.5.2 Support systems
40 - 7.5.3 Excavation of the pile shaft
40 - 7.5.4 Base and shaft preparation
40 - 7.5.5 Construction
41 - 7.5.6 Continuous flight auger piles
41 - 7.6 RECORDS OF DATA
41 - 7.6.1 Driven displacement piles
42 - 7.6.2 Non-displacement piles
43 - SECTION 8 TESTING
43 - 8.1 SCOPE
43 - 8.2 PILE LOAD TESTING
43 - 8.2.1 Test load types
43 - 8.2.2 Information required
43 - 8.2.3 Acceptance of Piles
43 - 8.3 STATIC LOAD TESTING
43 - 8.3.1 Preparation for testing
43 - 8.3.2 Reaction system
46 - 8.3.3 Equipment for loading and test measurement
47 - 8.3.4 Test procedure
48 - 8.3.5 Incremental sustained load test (ISL)
49 - 8.3.6 Supervision and recording of results
49 - 8.3.7 Report
49 - 8.4 DYNAMIC PILE TESTING
49 - 8.4.1 General
50 - 8.4.2 Pile preparation
50 - 8.4.3 Hammer energy
50 - 8.4.4 Instrumentation
50 - 8.4.5 Test procedure
51 - 8.4.6 Acceptance criteria
51 - 8.4.7 Supervision and recording of results
51 - 8.4.8 Report
51 - 8.5 INTEGRITY TESTING
51 - 8.5.1 General
52 - 8.5.2 Preparation for testing
52 - 8.5.3 Time of testing
52 - 8.5.4 Test procedure
52 - 8.5.5 Sonic impact test (SIT)
52 - 8.5.6 Sonic vibration test
52 - 8.5.7 Sonic logging test (SLT)
52 - 8.5.8 Acceptance criteria
53 - 8.5.9 Supervision and recording of results
53 - 8.5.10 Report

Specifies minimum requirements for the design, calculation and testing of piled foundations for civil engineering and building structures, on land and immediate inshore locations.

This Standard sets out minimum requirements for the design, construction and testing of piled footings for civil engineering and building structures on land or immediate inshore locations. It does not extend to offshore (deepwater) construction, or to detached Class 1 building as defined in the Building Code of Australia.NOTES:1 AUSTROADS Bridge Design Code should be considered for the design of footings for road bridges.2 The date of application of the Standard on a mandatory basis is matter for the relevant authority. AS 2159-1978 will be withdrawn following substantial regulatory implementation of this edition, or within two years of publication of this edition, whichever is the earlier.

First published as AS 2159-1978.
Second edition 1995.