1 - AS 3814-2009 INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL GAS-FIRED APPLIANCES
4 - PREFACE
6 - CONTENTS
8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE, APPLICATION AND DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.1.1 General
8 - 1.1.2 Exclusions from Standard
8 - 1.2 APPLICATION
8 - 1.2.1 General
9 - 1.2.2 Appliance installation
9 - 1.2.3 New materials and methods
9 - 1.2.4 Unusual installations
9 - 1.2.5 Modification or relocation of an appliance
9 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
10 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
10 - 1.4.1 Accessible
10 - 1.4.2 Air curtain
10 - 1.4.3 Air-gas mixing machine
10 - 1.4.4 Appliance
10 - 1.4.4.1 Type A appliance
11 - 1.4.4.2 Type B appliance
11 - 1.4.5 Approved
11 - 1.4.6 Atmospheric burner
11 - 1.4.7 Authorized installer
11 - 1.4.8 Auto-ignition temperature (AIT)
11 - 1.4.9 Automatic burner
11 - 1.4.10 Automatic ignition
11 - 1.4.11 Bleed line
11 - 1.4.12 Burner
11 - 1.4.12.1 Atmospheric burner
11 - 1.4.12.2 Automatic burner
11 - 1.4.12.3 Forced draught burner
11 - 1.4.12.4 Induced draught burner
11 - 1.4.12.5 Multi-fuel alternative burner
12 - 1.4.12.6 Multi-fuel burner
12 - 1.4.12.7 Multi-fuel simultaneous burner
12 - 1.4.12.8 Part automatic burner
12 - 1.4.13 Burner off cycle
12 - 1.4.14 Burner unit
12 - 1.4.15 Certified/Certification
12 - 1.4.16 Certifying body
12 - 1.4.17 Combination gas control
12 - 1.4.18 Combustion products
12 - 1.4.19 Common flue
12 - 1.4.20 Critical time
12 - 1.4.21 Cross lighting
12 - 1.4.22 Damper
13 - 1.4.23 Direct-fired air heater
13 - 1.4.24 Direct-fired oven
13 - 1.4.25 Double block and vent
13 - 1.4.26 Draught diverter
13 - 1.4.27 Electronic flame safeguard
13 - 1.4.28 Excess air
13 - 1.4.29 Fail-safe
13 - 1.4.30 Flame abnormality
13 - 1.4.31 Flame detector
13 - 1.4.32 Flame establishment period
13 - 1.4.33 Flame failure response time
13 - 1.4.34 Flame lift
13 - 1.4.35 Flame proving period
13 - 1.4.36 Flame safeguard
14 - 1.4.37 Flame safeguard system
14 - 1.4.38 Flue
14 - 1.4.38.1 Common flue
14 - 1.4.38.2 Natural draught flue
14 - 1.4.38.3 Open flue
14 - 1.4.38.4 Secondary flue
14 - 1.4.38.5 Slip joint
14 - 1.4.39 Flue gases
14 - 1.4.40 Flue system
14 - 1.4.41 Flue terminal
14 - 1.4.42 Flued appliance
14 - 1.4.43 Flueless appliance
14 - 1.4.44 Forced draught burner
14 - 1.4.45 Forced or induced draught combustion system
14 - 1.4.46 Gas
15 - 1.4.46.1 Natural gas (NG)
15 - 1.4.46.2 Simulated natural gas (SNG)
15 - 1.4.46.3 Town gas (TG)
15 - 1.4.46.4 Tempered liquefied petroleum gas (TLP)
15 - 1.4.46.5 Liquefied petroleum gas (LP gas)
15 - 1.4.47 Gas/air ratio control
15 - 1.4.48 Gas consumption
15 - 1.4.49 Gasfitting work
15 - 1.4.50 Gas pressure regulator
15 - 1.4.51 Gas tight
15 - 1.4.52 Hazardous conditions
15 - 1.4.53 High gas pressure detector
15 - 1.4.54 Hose
15 - 1.4.55 Hose assembly
15 - 1.4.56 Hot water boiler
15 - 1.4.57 Ignition temperature
16 - 1.4.58 In service
16 - 1.4.59 Indoor flueless appliance
16 - 1.4.60 Induced draught burner
16 - 1.4.61 Injector
16 - 1.4.62 Interlock
16 - 1.4.63 Intermittent pilot
16 - 1.4.64 Interrupted pilot
16 - 1.4.65 Leakage detection system
16 - 1.4.66 Light back
16 - 1.4.67 Limit device
16 - 1.4.68 Lockout
16 - 1.4.69 Lower explosive limit (LEL)
16 - 1.4.70 Low-gas-pressure detector
16 - 1.4.71 Manual ignition
17 - 1.4.72 Mixing blower
17 - 1.4.73 Mixing tube
17 - 1.4.74 Modification
17 - 1.4.75 Multi-fuel alternative burner
17 - 1.4.76 Multi-fuel burner
17 - 1.4.77 Multi-fuel simultaneous burner
17 - 1.4.78 Natural draught
17 - 1.4.79 Natural draught burner
17 - 1.4.80 Natural draught flue
17 - 1.4.81 No-flow
17 - 1.4.82 Nominal gas consumption
17 - 1.4.83 Non-return valve
17 - 1.4.84 Open flued appliance
17 - 1.4.85 Operating pressure
17 - 1.4.86 Over-pressure protection system
18 - 1.4.87 Over-temperature cut-out device
18 - 1.4.88 Over-temperature limiting device
18 - 1.4.89 Part automatic burner
18 - 1.4.90 Permanent pilot
18 - 1.4.91 Pilot
18 - 1.4.92 Position indicator switch
18 - 1.4.93 Closed position indicator switch
18 - 1.4.94 Open position indicator switch
18 - 1.4.95 Position-proving system
18 - 1.4.96 Process after-burner
18 - 1.4.97 Programmable electronic system (PES)
18 - 1.4.98 Programming flame safeguard
18 - 1.4.99 Proof-of-closure switch
18 - 1.4.100 Protected pilot
18 - 1.4.101 Purge (or purging)
19 - 1.4.102 Purge volume
19 - 1.4.103 Rated working pressure
19 - 1.4.104 Regulator
19 - 1.4.105 Relief device
19 - 1.4.106 Safe start check
19 - 1.4.107 Safety shutdown
19 - 1.4.108 Safety shut off system
19 - 1.4.109 Safety shut off system, double block and vent
19 - 1.4.110 Safety shut off valve
19 - 1.4.111 Set pressure
19 - 1.4.112 Start gas
19 - 1.4.113 Steam boiler
19 - 1.4.114 Stoichiometric combustion
20 - 1.4.115 Supervised burner
20 - 1.4.116 Supervised pilot
20 - 1.4.117 Technical regulator
20 - 1.4.118 Temperature limit device
20 - 1.4.119 Test firing valve
20 - 1.4.120 Thermostat
20 - 1.4.121 Valve
20 - 1.4.122 Valve train
20 - 1.4.123 Vent line
20 - 1.4.124 Vent valve, double block and vent safety shut off system
20 - 1.4.125 Water heater
21 - SECTION 2 REQUIREMENTS FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
21 - 2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
21 - 2.1.1 Appliance design
21 - 2.1.2 Suitability for location
21 - 2.1.3 Controls and indicating devices
21 - 2.1.4 Design of adjustable devices
21 - 2.1.5 Appliance to be well constructed
21 - 2.1.6 Appliance parts to be secure against accidental displacement
21 - 2.1.7 Appliance parts to be secure for satisfactory operation
22 - 2.1.8 Appliance to be free of sharp edges
22 - 2.1.9 Appliance supports to be of adequate strength
22 - 2.1.10 Provision to be made for sampling flue gases
22 - 2.2 CONTROLS, BURNER AND SAFETY DEVICE ACCESS
22 - 2.3 FLAME VISIBILITY
22 - 2.3.1 Flame to be visible to maintenance personnel
22 - 2.3.2 Visual indication of flame to operator
22 - 2.4 TEMPERATURES OF SURFACES AND COMPONENTS
23 - 2.5 RESTRICTION ON ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS
23 - 2.5.1 Ease of connection
23 - 2.5.2 Limit on cross-connection
23 - 2.6 ACCESSIBILITY OF MANUAL CONTROLS
23 - 2.7 MATERIALS
23 - 2.7.1 Materials to be adequate for their intended application
23 - 2.7.2 Restriction on use of zinc-base die-castings
23 - 2.7.3 Materials to be suitable for gas
24 - 2.8 GAS PIPEWORK AND VALVE TRAINS
24 - 2.8.1 Gas pipework and valve trains
24 - 2.8.2 Enclosure for a valve train
25 - 2.8.3 Pressure rating of valve train components
25 - 2.8.3.1 Upstream of and including appliance gas pressure regulator
25 - 2.8.3.2 Downstream of appliance gas pressure regulator
25 - 2.8.4 Requirements where pressurized air, oxygen or a standby gas is to be used
25 - 2.8.5 Multi-position manual control valves
25 - 2.8.6 Design of valve handles, dials and pointers
25 - 2.8.7 Appliance isolating valve
25 - 2.8.7.1 Appliance isolating valve to be fitted
25 - 2.8.7.2 Requirements for appliance isolating valve
26 - 2.8.7.3 Location of appliance isolating valve
26 - 2.8.7.4 Identification of appliance isolating valve
26 - 2.8.7.5 Connection of appliance isolating valve
26 - 2.8.8 Main Burner Isolation
26 - 2.8.8.1 Main burner isolation valve
26 - 2.8.8.2 Main burner isolation for commissioning
27 - 2.8.9 Restriction on test firing valve
27 - 2.8.10 Pilot burner isolating valve
27 - 2.9 GAS PRESSURE REGULATION
27 - 2.9.1 Gas pressure regulator to be fitted
27 - 2.9.2 Requirements for a gas pressure regulator
28 - 2.9.4 Position of gas pressure regulator
28 - 2.9.5 Venting of gas pressure regulator
28 - 2.10 GAS OVER-PRESSURE PROTECTION
28 - 2.10.1 Requirement where over-pressure protection shuts off the gas supply
28 - 2.10.2 Where over-pressure protection system is to be fitted
28 - 2.10.3 Setting of over-pressure protection system
29 - 2.10.4 Location of over-pressure protection system sensing point
29 - 2.11 GAS LOW-PRESSURE PROTECTION
29 - 2.11.1 Low-gas-pressure detector to be fitted
29 - 2.11.2 Requirements of low-gas-pressure detector
29 - 2.12 GAS PRESSURE TEST POINTS
29 - 2.12.1 Location of pressure test points
29 - 2.12.2 Maximum orifice size of a pressure test point
29 - 2.12.3 Sealing of a pressure test point
30 - 2.13 GAS FILTER
30 - 2.13.1 Filter to be fitted
30 - 2.13.2 Requirements and location of filter
30 - 2.14 SAFETY SHUT OFF SYSTEMS
30 - 2.14.1 Safety shut off valve and vent valve
30 - 2.14.2 Function of safety shut off system
30 - 2.14.3 Safety shut off valve system requirements for main and start gas supplies
30 - 2.14.3.1 General
31 - 2.14.3.2 Concession for atmospheric burner not exceeding 500MJ/h
31 - 2.14.3.3 Concession for atmospheric burner not exceeding 1GJ/h
31 - 2.14.3.4 Concession for forced or induced draught burner up to 200MJ/h
31 - 2.14.3.5 Concession for forced or induced draught burner up to 1GJ/h
31 - 2.14.3.6 Concession for a main burner up to 1GJ/h igniting at low rate
32 - 2.14.3.7 Concession for a burner using a separate start gas line
32 - 2.14.3.8 Provision for start gas to be taken from between safety shut off valves for a main burner directly ignited at a low rate
33 - 2.14.4 Energizing of automatic safety shut off valves
33 - 2.14.5 Ignition of main burner by separate pilot
33 - 2.14.6 Requirements for a safety shut off valve and vent valve
33 - 2.14.6.1 Rated working pressure
33 - 2.14.6.2 Orientation
34 - 2.14.6.3 Size of vent valve for a double block and vent safety shut off system
34 - 2.14.6.4 Size of vent valve for a leakage detection system
34 - 2.14.6.5 Arrangement for manual reset vent valve
34 - 2.14.7 Safety shut off system not to be bypassed
34 - 2.14.8 Vent line requirement
34 - 2.14.9 Requirements for a position-proving system
34 - 2.14.9.1 Safety shut off valve
34 - 2.14.9.2 Vent valve
35 - 2.14.9.3 Position-proving system to be interlocked to prevent burner start-up
35 - 2.14.9.4 Alarm interlock
35 - 2.14.10 Requirements for a leakage detection system
35 - 2.14.10.1 Compliance with Standard
35 - 2.14.10.2 Leakage detection system to be interlocked to cause lockout
36 - 2.14.10.3 Commencement of leakage detection test
36 - 2.14.10.4 Alarm interlock
36 - 2.14.10.5 Maximum allowable leakage rate
36 - 2.14.10.6 Leakage detection system that uses gas at line pressure
37 - 2.14.11 Function of interlocks
37 - 2.14.12 Requirements of safety shut off system actuators
37 - 2.14.12.1 Individual actuators to be fitted
37 - 2.14.12.2 Single three-way valve permitted
37 - 2.14.12.3 Use of rigidly coupled actuators
37 - 2.15 COMBUSTION AIR SUPPLY-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
37 - 2.15.1 Combustion air supply equipment to be correctly sized
38 - 2.15.2 Combustion air quality
38 - 2.15.3 Air openings to be of adequate size
38 - 2.15.4 Air openings not to be obstructed
38 - 2.16 COMBUSTION AIR FOR ATMOSPHERIC BURNERS
38 - 2.16.1 Primary aeration controls to be corrosion-resistant
38 - 2.16.2 Effect of foreign matter on primary aeration controls to be minimal
38 - 2.17 FORCED AND INDUCED DRAUGHT BURNERS
38 - 2.17.1 Draught characteristics to be specified by burner manufacturer
38 - 2.17.2 Proving air flow
38 - 2.17.3 Self-check of air flow proving device
38 - 2.17.3.1 Self-check to be carried out
38 - 2.17.3.2 Failure of air flow proving device during self-check
39 - 2.17.4 Safety shutdown to occur if air flow fails
39 - 2.17.5 Air-gas mixtures
39 - 2.17.5.1 Air-gas mixing machines and mixing blowers
39 - 2.17.5.2 Maximum temperature of mixtures
39 - 2.18 DAMPERS
39 - 2.18.1 Requirements for a fixed or adjustable damper
39 - 2.18.2 Requirements for an automatic damper control system
39 - 2.18.2.1 Automatic damper to maintain satisfactory combustion
40 - 2.18.2.2 Failure of damper mechanism
40 - 2.18.2.3 Manual damper control
40 - 2.19 APPLIANCE PRE-PURGING
40 - 2.19.1 General requirements
40 - 2.19.1.1 Function of pre-purge
40 - 2.19.1.2 Appliance or process to be pre-purged
40 - 2.19.1.3 Pre-purging using an inert medium
40 - 2.19.1.4 Supply of inert purging medium to be proved
40 - 2.19.2 Pre-purging by mechanical means
40 - 2.19.2.1 Mechanical pre-purging required under certain conditions
41 - 2.19.2.2 Conduct of mechanical pre-purge
41 - 2.19.3 Pre-purging using natural draught
41 - 2.19.3.1 Requirements for an appliance using natural draught
41 - 2.19.3.2 Pre-purge period using natural draught
41 - 2.19.3.3 Pre-purge period included in operating instructions
42 - 2.19.3.4 Pre-purge where appliance doors are opened
42 - 2.19.4 Pre-purge timer
42 - 2.19.5 Pre-purge interlocks
42 - 2.19.5.1 Purge flow proving device to be fitted
42 - 2.19.5.2 Self-check of purge flow proving device
42 - 2.19.5.3 Purging to cease if purge flow fails
42 - 2.19.5.4 Pre-purge to reset when purge flow is re-established
42 - 2.19.5.5 Proof of operation of zone circulation fans in appliances
43 - 2.20 PROCESS CONTROLS
43 - 2.20.1 Requirements where appliance safety depends on process
43 - 2.20.2 Process limit device to cause lockout
43 - 2.20.3 Requirements where appliance safety and operation depend on flow
43 - 2.20.4 Provision of over temperature protection on recirculation fans
43 - 2.21 IGNITION SYSTEMS
43 - 2.21.1 Ignition to be safe, reliable and smooth
43 - 2.21.2 Manual ignition systems
43 - 2.21.2.1 Requirements for a manually-inserted gas torch
43 - 2.21.2.2 Point of ignition to be accessible
43 - 2.21.2.3 Explosion relief to be provided for a manually-ignited burner
44 - 2.22 PILOT BURNERS
44 - 2.22.1 Requirements for a pilot burner with a single main burner
44 - 2.22.2 Requirements for supervised pilot burners with multiple main burners
44 - 2.22.3 Flames to travel freely to all ports of a multi-port pilot
44 - 2.22.4 Bleed lines not to affect ignition of main burner
44 - 2.22.5 Protection from blockage
44 - 2.23 MAIN BURNERS
44 - 2.23.1 Ignition to be in combustion chamber
44 - 2.23.2 Main burners subdivided into zones or sections
44 - 2.23.3 Requirements for a burner that can be retracted or swivelled
45 - 2.23.4 Requirements for cross-ignition
45 - 2.23.5 Protection from blockage
45 - 2.24 FLAME SAFEGUARD SYSTEMS
45 - 2.24.1 Requirements for a flame safeguard system
45 - 2.24.2 Flame safeguard system to be fitted
45 - 2.24.3 Flame safeguard to comply with classification
45 - 2.24.4 Maximum hold-time for a thermoelectric flame safeguard
46 - 2.24.5 Maximum shut off time following flame failure
47 - 2.24.6 Requirements for a flame detector
47 - 2.24.7 Flame simulation to be prevented
47 - 2.24.8 Detector not to detect other flame
47 - 2.24.9 Requirements for a pilot used on atmospheric burner(s) exceeding 1 GJ/h (275 kW), or forced or induced draught burner(s)
47 - 2.24.10 Detectors to supervise separate flames
47 - 2.24.11 Requirements for two flame detectors used with one flame safeguard device or system
47 - 2.24.12 Detector to ensure cross lighting is complete
48 - 2.24.13 Requirements for flame safeguards incorporating hot surface igniters
48 - 2.25 BLEED LINES
48 - 2.25.1 General requirements for a bleed line termination
48 - 2.25.2 Terminating bleed lines in a combustion chamber
48 - 2.25.2.1 Combustion chamber to have a supervised burner
48 - 2.25.2.2 Bleed line requirements
48 - 2.25.2.3 Bleed line termination to be protected against blockage
48 - 2.26 APPLIANCE/BURNER CONTROL CIRCUITS
48 - 2.26.1 Requirements of control circuits
49 - 2.26.2 Gas-actuated controls
49 - 2.26.3 Requirements for a programmable electronic system (PES)
50 - 2.27 GAS/AIR RATIO CONTROL
50 - 2.27.1 General requirements
52 - 2.27.2 Interference with interlocks
52 - 2.27.3 Variation in control settings and control response
52 - 2.27.4 Preheated combustion air control
52 - 2.27.5 Requirements for independent gas and air control elements
52 - 2.27.6 Special requirements for PES based gas/air ratio control system
52 - 2.27.7 Additional requirements for pneumatically controlled gas/air ratio
53 - 2.27.8 Gas/air ratio controls incorporating variable speed drive systems
53 - 2.27.9 Use of oxygen sensing probes
54 - SECTION 3 OPERATION
54 - 3.1 APPLIANCE OPERATION DETAILS
54 - 3.2 IGNITION
54 - 3.2.1 Starting sequence interlocks before starting burner ignition source
54 - 3.2.2 Ignition sequence
54 - 3.2.2.1 Commencement of ignition
54 - 3.2.2.2 Completion of ignition
54 - 3.2.2.3 Start gas flame establishment period
55 - 3.2.3 Start gas rate
55 - 3.2.3.1 Start gas rate not to exceed determined values
56 - 3.3 MAIN BURNERS
56 - 3.3.1 Start flame proving period
56 - 3.3.2 Main flame establishment period
56 - 3.3.3 Main burner supervision
56 - 3.3.3.1 Interrupted pilot
56 - 3.3.3.2 Intermittent or permanent pilot with a forced or induced draught burner or atmospheric burner exceeding 1GJ/h (275kW)
57 - 3.3.4 Main burner to start at reduced rate
57 - 3.4 INTERLOCKS AND LIMIT DEVICES
57 - 3.4.1 Interlocks and limit devices not to be rendered ineffective
57 - 3.4.1.1 Where an interlock is to be fitted
57 - 3.4.1.2 Interlock to be tested
57 - 3.4.1.3 Requirements for an interlock
58 - 3.4.2 Limit devices
58 - 3.4.2.1 Limit device to be fitted
58 - 3.4.2.2 Limit device not to be an operating control
58 - 3.4.2.3 Requirements for a limit device
58 - 3.5 OPERATION SEQUENCES
58 - 3.5.1 Ignition sequence after power interruption
58 - 3.5.2 Programmed sequence for automatic or part automatic burner
59 - 3.5.3 Appliance to be left in safe condition
59 - 3.5.4 Requirement for lockout on flame failure
59 - 3.5.5 Reignition attempt on flame failure
59 - 3.5.5.1 Requirements for forced or induced draught burners
59 - 3.5.5.2 Requirements for atmospheric burners
59 - 3.6 COMBUSTION CONDITIONS
59 - 3.6.1 Burners to maintain satisfactory combustion conditions
60 - 3.6.2 Leakage of combustion products to be prevented
60 - 3.7 COMMISSIONING
60 - 3.7.1 Commissioning checks to be carried out
61 - SECTION 4 MARKINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS
61 - 4.1 MARKINGS
61 - 4.1.1 Markings to be displayed
61 - 4.1.2 Marking of controls, dials and gauges
61 - 4.1.3 Controls with non-standard operation
61 - 4.2 INSTRUCTIONS
61 - 4.2.1 Written instructions to be provided
62 - 4.2.2 Instructions for operation
62 - 4.2.3 Limits of safe operation to be specified
63 - SECTION 5 SPECIAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS
63 - 5.1 GENE
63 - 5.2 HIGH INPUT GAS-FIRED APPLIANCES
63 - 5.2.1 General
63 - 5.2.2 Start-up where multiple main burners are fitted
63 - 5.2.3 Manual ignition where multiple main burners are fitted
63 - 5.2.4 Automatic ignition where multiple main burners are fitted
63 - 5.2.5 Burner control
63 - 5.2.6 Flame safeguards
64 - 5.3 AIR-GAS MIXING MACHINES AND MIXING BLOWERS
64 - 5.3.1 General
64 - 5.3.2 Materials
64 - 5.3.3 Strength of pipe and fittings
64 - 5.3.4 Safety shut off system to be fitted
64 - 5.3.5 Safety shut off system to cause lockout
64 - 5.3.6 Air-gas ratio
64 - 5.3.6.1 Locking provision for air-gas ratio from a mixing machine
64 - 5.3.6.2 Limiting provision for air-gas ratio from a mixing machine
64 - 5.3.6.3 Air-gas ratio from a mixing blower
64 - 5.3.7 Mixing blower outlets
65 - 5.3.8 Flashback requirements for air-gas mixing machines
65 - 5.3.9 Rupture of blow-out disc
65 - 5.3.10 Flame arrestor between air-gas mixing machine and burner
65 - 5.3.11 Flame arrestor at mixing machine
65 - 5.3.12 Flame arrestors
65 - 5.3.13 Air-gas mixing machines - requirement for non-return valve
66 - 5.4 SPECIAL ATMOSPHERES AND ATMOSPHERE GENERATORS
66 - 5.4.1 General
66 - 5.4.2 Piping for special atmospheres
66 - 5.4.3 Storage of special atmosphere
66 - 5.4.4 Storage container for compressed special atmosphere
66 - 5.4.5 Venting and disposal of special atmospheres
66 - 5.4.6 Discharge using a vent line
66 - 5.4.7 Start-up of an atmosphere generator
67 - 5.4.8 Ignition
67 - 5.4.9 Requirement where the air-gas ratio is variable
67 - 5.4.10 Requirements where the air-gas ratio is fixed
67 - 5.4.11 Automatic relief device
67 - 5.4.12 Flame arrestor
67 - 5.4.13 Water-cooled equipment
67 - 5.4.14 Exothermic atmosphere generators
67 - 5.4.14.1 Flame safeguard requirement
68 - 5.4.14.2 Flame safeguard bypass
68 - 5.4.14.3 Pressure detectors to be fitted
68 - 5.4.14.4 Pressure detectors to be interlocked
68 - 5.4.14.5 Interlocking combustible atmosphere flow
68 - 5.4.14.6 Purging
68 - 5.4.14.7 Air-gas ratio control
68 - 5.4.15 Endothermic atmosphere generators
68 - 5.4.15.1 Safety shut off valves to be fitted
68 - 5.4.15.2 Air shut off device
68 - 5.4.15.3 Pressure detectors
68 - 5.5 PROCESS AFTER-BURNERS
68 - 5.5.1 General
69 - 5.5.2 Control of process products
69 - 5.5.2.1 Requirement for interlocks
69 - 5.5.2.2 Process products-percentage of LEL
69 - 5.5.3 Combustion air supply
69 - 5.5.4 Shutting down of process afterburner
69 - 5.5.5 Pre-purge
70 - 5.6 STEAM AND HOT WATER BOILERS
70 - 5.7 DIRECT-FIRED AIR HEATERS AND CURTAINS
70 - 5.7.1 General
70 - 5.7.2 Heater air supply
70 - 5.7.3 Air flow sensing device
70 - 5.7.4 Pre-purge
70 - 5.7.5 Temperature limit device
70 - 5.7.6 Start gas rate
70 - 5.7.7 Combustion
70 - 5.7.7.1 Limits for combustion products
71 - 5.7.7.2 Samples of heated air to be taken
71 - 5.7.7.3 Limitation on air temperature
71 - 5.7.7.4 Combustion at minimum air flow
71 - 5.7.8 Markings
71 - 5.7.8.1 Marking plate to be fitted
71 - 5.7.8.2 Restriction on installation
72 - 5.8 STATIONARY GAS ENGINES AND TURBINES
72 - 5.8.1 General
72 - 5.8.2 Requirement for safety shut off valve system
72 - 5.8.2.1 Safety shut off system to be fitted
72 - 5.8.2.2 Safety shut off valves and vent valves
73 - 5.8.2.3 Emergency isolation and vent valves
73 - 5.8.2.4 Activation of the safety shut off system to shut off gas supply
73 - 5.8.3 Turbine purging
74 - 5.8.4 Gas supply flexible connection
74 - 5.8.5 Exhaust system to be fitted
74 - 5.8.6 Flexible connection to be fitted to exhaust line
74 - 5.8.7 Requirements of an exhaust system
74 - 5.8.8 Exhaust terminal location
74 - 5.8.9 Ventilation
74 - 5.8.10 Requirements for Ignition
75 - 5.8.11 Extinction safety time
75 - 5.8.12 Indirect flame monitoring
75 - 5.9 INCINERATORS AND CREMATORS
75 - 5.9.1 General
75 - 5.9.2 Primary burner interlock
75 - 5.9.3 Combustion air
76 - 5.9.4 Pre-purge
76 - 5.9.5 Flues
76 - 5.9.5.1 Flues not to be interconnected
76 - 5.9.5.2 Limiting updraught
76 - 5.10 ROTARY PROCESS EQUIPMENT AND OVENS-DIRECT-FIRED
76 - 5.10.1 General
76 - 5.10.2 Purging
76 - 5.10.3 Provision of air
77 - 5.10.4 Explosion relief
77 - 5.10.5 Temperature limit device
77 - 5.10.6 Access for cleaning
77 - 5.10.7 Processes with solvents or combustible dust
77 - 5.10.7.1 Provision of dilution air
77 - 5.10.7.2 Recirculation air fans
77 - 5.10.7.3 Monitoring of solvent LEL
78 - 5.11 SMOKE OVENS-DIRECT-FIRED
78 - 5.11.1 Lighting torch
78 - 5.11.2 Combustion air
78 - 5.11.2.1 Combustion air to be provided from outside of oven
78 - 5.11.2.2 Restrictions on the use of ducting
78 - 5.11.2.3 Smoke not to interfere with combustion
78 - 5.11.3 Explosion relief requirements
78 - 5.11.4 Loading doors
78 - 5.11.5 Sawdust trays
78 - 5.11.6 Flue
78 - 5.11.6.1 Minimum requirements for natural draught flue
78 - 5.11.6.2 Flue damper
79 - 5.12 WATER HEATERS
79 - 5.12.1 General
79 - 5.12.2 Thermostat
79 - 5.12.3 Over-temperature control
79 - 5.12.3.1 Over-temperature cut-out device to be fitted
79 - 5.12.3.2 Over-temperature cut-out to initiate lockout
79 - 5.12.4 Unvented water heaters
79 - 5.12.4.1 Relief valve to be fitted
79 - 5.12.4.2 Location of relief valves
79 - 5.12.4.3 Heaters containing 1L of water or less
79 - 5.12.5 Provision for draining
80 - 5.13 MULTI-FUEL FIRING SYSTEMS
80 - 5.13.1 Alternative multi-fuel systems
80 - 5.13.1.1 Isolation of alternative fuel supply
80 - 5.13.1.2 Alternative fuel system to be interlocked
80 - 5.13.1.3 Fuel lines to be sealed on disconnection
80 - 5.13.2 Multi-fuel simultaneous firing systems
80 - 5.13.2.1 Maximum operating input
80 - 5.13.2.2 Combustion air requirement
81 - APPENDIX A - TYPICAL INFORMATION AND TECHNICAL DATA
85 - APPENDIX B - TYPICAL PROCEDURE FOR THE APPROVAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLIANCES
86 - APPENDIX C - TYPICAL VALVE TRAIN ARRANGEMENTS
92 - APPENDIX D - FLAME SAFEGUARD SELECTION
94 - APPENDIX E - PRO-FORMA LETTER TO THE GAS TECHNICAL REGULATOR FROM A CONTRACTOR/COMPANY CERTIFYING THE TESTS CONDUCTED ON THE PES
95 - APPENDIX F - GAS/AIR RATIO CONTROL PROGRAMMABLE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
95 - F1 INTRODUCTION
95 - F2 DEFINITION OF GAS/AIR RATIO CONTROL PROGRAMMABLE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
95 - F3 PARAMETERISABLE SYSTEMS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE A LOW OXYGEN LIMIT DEVICE
96 - F4 PARAMETERISABLE SYSTEMS THAT REQUIRE A LOW OXYGEN LIMIT
96 - F5 PES GAS/AIR RATIO CONTROL SYSTEMS
97 - F6 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BURNER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FITTED WITH LOW OXYGEN LIMIT DEVICE
97 - F6.1 The oxygen probe that could act as an ignition source
97 - F6.2 With an oxygen probe that does not act as an ignition source
98 - APPENDIX G - MAINTENANCE AND CHECKS OF SAFETY DEVICES
98 - G1 INTRODUCTION
98 - G2 REGULAR TESTING
98 - G3 PERSONNEL AND ORGANIZATION
98 - G4 GENERAL OUTLINE OF PROCEDURES
99 - G5 TESTING SCHEDULES
103 - APPENDIX H - TYPICAL OPERATING SEQUENCE FOR AN AUTOMATIC FORCED OR INDUCED DRAUGHT BURNER WITH INTERRUPTED PILOT
106 - APPENDIX I - TYPICAL COMMISSIONING PROCEDURE
106 - I1 SCOPE
106 - I2 STAGE 1 PRELIMINARY INSPECTION
106 - I3 STAGE 2 ACTIVATION-RUN WITHOUT FUEL
107 - I4 STAGE 3 ACTIVATION-RUN WITH FUEL
107 - I5 STAGE 4 OPERATION
108 - I6 STAGE 5 COMPLETION
109 - APPENDIX J - TYPICAL FIELD CHECK LIST