Customer Support: 131 242

  • There are no items in your cart
We noticed you’re not on the correct regional site. Switch to our AMERICAS site for the best experience.
Dismiss alert

ASTM D 6001 : 1996 : EDT 1

Superseded
Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

View Superseded by
superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

Standard Guide for Direct-Push Water Sampling for Geoenvironmental Investigations
Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Superseded date

09-09-2020

Language(s)

English

Published date

31-12-2010

1.1 This guide covers a review of methods for sampling ground water at discrete points or in increments by insertion of sampling devices by static force or impact without drilling and removal of cuttings. By directly pushing the sampler, the soil is displaced and helps to form an annular seal above the sampling zone. Direct-push water sampling can be one time, or multiple sampling events. Methods for obtaining water samples for water quality analysis and detection of contaminants are presented.

1.2 Direct-push methods of water sampling are used for ground-water quality studies. Water quality may vary at different depths below the surface depending on geohydrologic conditions. Incremental sampling or sampling at discrete depths is used to determine distribution of contaminants and to more completely characterize geohydrologic environments. These investigations are frequently required in characterization of hazardous and toxic waste sites.

1.3 Direct-push methods can provide accurate information on the distribution of water quality if provisions are made to ensure that cross-contamination or linkage between water bearing strata are not made. Discrete point sampling with a sealed (protected) screen sampler, combined with on-site analysis of water samples, can provide the most accurate depiction of water quality conditions at the time of sampling. Direct-push water sampling with exposed-screen sampling devices may be useful and are considered as screening tools depending on precautions taken during testing. Exposed screen samplers may require development or purging depending on sampling and quality assurance plans. Results from direct-push investigations can be used to guide placement of permanent groun-water monitoring wells and direct remediation efforts. Multiple sampling events can be performed to depict conditions over time. Use of double tube tooling, where the outer push tube seals the hole, prevents the sampling tools from coming in contact with the formation, except at the sampling point.

1.4 Field test methods described in this guide include installation of temporary well points, and insertion of water samplers using a variety of insertion methods. Insertion methods include: (1) soil probing using combinations of impact, percussion, or vibratory driving with or without additions of smooth static force; (2) smooth static force from the surface using hydraulic penetrometer or drilling equipment, and incremental drilling combined with direct-push water sampling events. Under typical incremental drilling operations, samplers are advanced with assistance of drilling equipment by smooth hydraulic push, or mechanical impacts from hammers or other vibratory equipment. Methods for borehole abandonment by grouting are also addressed.

1.5 Direct-push water sampling is limited to soils that can be penetrated with available equipment. In strong soils damage may result during insertion of the sampler from rod bending or assembly buckling. Penetration may be limited, or damage to samplers or rods can occur in certain ground conditions, some of which are discussed in 4.6. Information in this procedure is limited to sampling of saturated soils in perched or saturated ground-water conditions.

1.6 This guide does not address installation of permanent water sampling systems such as those presented in Practice D 5092.

1.7 Direct-push water sampling for geoenvironmental exploration will often involve safety planning, administration, and documentation.

1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.9 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Committee
D 18
DocumentType
Guide
Pages
14
ProductNote
e1NOTE—Paragraph 1.9 was added editorially October 1998.
PublisherName
American Society for Testing and Materials
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy

ASTM D 1943 : 2020 Standard Test Method for Alpha Particle Radioactivity of Water
ASTM D 5811 : 2020 Standard Test Method for Strontium-90 in Water
ASTM D 7100 : 2011 : R2020 Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Compatibility Testing of Soils with Aqueous Solutions
ASTM D 4785 : 2020 Standard Test Method for Low-Level Analysis of Iodine Radioisotopes in Water
ASTM D 2460 : 2007 : R2013 Standard Test Method for Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Radium in Water (Withdrawn 2022)
ASTM D 5174 : 2007 : R2013 Standard Test Method for Trace Uranium in Water by Pulsed-Laser Phosphorimetry (Withdrawn 2022)
ASTM D 5811 : 2008 : R2013 Standard Test Method for Strontium-90 in Water
ASTM D 7535 : 2009 : R2015 Standard Test Method for Lead-210 in Water (Withdrawn 2024)
ASTM D 5995 : 2018 Standard Guide for Environmental Site Investigation in Cold Regions
ASTM D 7352 : 2018 Standard Practice for Volatile Contaminant Logging Using a Membrane Interface Probe (MIP) in Unconsolidated Formations with Direct Push Methods
ASTM D 6232 : 2016 Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
ASTM D 6286 : 2012 Standard Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site Characterization
ASTM D 7100 : 2011 Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity Compatibility Testing of Soils with Aqueous Solutions
ASTM D 7168 : 2016 Standard Test Method for <sup>99</sup>Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
ASTM D 7283 : 2017 Standard Test Method for Alpha and Beta Activity in Water By Liquid Scintillation Counting
ASTM D 7242/D7242M : 2006 : R2013 : EDT 1 Standard Practice for Field Pneumatic Slug (Instantaneous Change in Head) Tests to Determine Hydraulic Properties of Aquifers with Direct Push Groundwater Samplers (Withdrawn 2022)
ASTM D 6282/D6282M : 2014 Standard Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site Characterizations (Withdrawn 2023)
ASTM D 7939 : 2015 Standard Test Method for Rapid Radiochemical Determination of Americium-241 in Water (Withdrawn 2024)
ASTM D 6724/D6724M : 2016 Standard Guide for Installation of Direct Push Groundwater Monitoring Wells
ASTM D 6725/D6725M : 2016 Standard Practice for Direct Push Installation of Prepacked Screen Monitoring Wells in Unconsolidated Aquifers
ASTM D 8037/D8037M : 2016 Standard Practice for Direct Push Hydraulic Logging for Profiling Variations of Permeability in Soils
ASTM D 5092/D5092M : 2016 Standard Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Monitoring Wells
ASTM D 6067/D6067M : 2017 Standard Practice for Using the Electronic Piezocone Penetrometer Tests for Environmental Site Characterization and Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity

View more information
$135.86
Including GST where applicable

Access your standards online with a subscription

Features

  • Simple online access to standards, technical information and regulations.

  • Critical updates of standards and customisable alerts and notifications.

  • Multi-user online standards collection: secure, flexible and cost effective.

Need help?
Call us on 131 242, then click here to start a Screen Sharing session
so we can help right away! Learn more