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ASTM E 2982 : 2021

Current
Current

The latest, up-to-date edition.

Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Thin-Walled Metallic Liners in Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications
Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Language(s)

English

Published date

21-04-2021

1.1This guide discusses current and potential nondestructive testing (NDT) procedures for finding indications of discontinuities in thin-walled metallic liners in filament-wound pressure vessels, also known as composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). In general, these vessels have metallic liner thicknesses less than 2.3 mm (0.090 in.), and fiber loadings in the composite overwrap greater than 60 percent by weight. In COPVs, the composite overwrap thickness will be of the order of 2.0 mm (0.080 in.) for smaller vessels, and up to 20 mm (0.80 in.) for larger ones.

1.2This guide focuses on COPVs with nonload sharing metallic liners used at ambient temperature, which most closely represents a Compressed Gas Association (CGA) Type III metal-lined COPV. However, it also has relevance to (1) monolithic metallic pressure vessels (PVs) (CGA Type I), and (2) metal-lined hoop-wrapped COPVs (CGA Type II).

1.3The vessels covered by this guide are used in aerospace applications; therefore, examination requirements for discontinuities and inspection points will in general be different and more stringent than for vessels used in non-aerospace applications.

1.4This guide applies to (1) low pressure COPVs and PVs used for storing aerospace media at maximum allowable working pressures (MAWPs) up to 3.5 MPa (500 psia) and volumes up to 2000 L (70 ft3), and (2) high pressure COPVs used for storing compressed gases at MAWPs up to 70 MPa (10  000 psia) and volumes down to 8 L (500 in.3). Internal vacuum storage or exposure is not considered appropriate for any vessel size.

Note 1:Some vessels are evacuated during filling operations, requiring the tank to withstand external (atmospheric) pressure.

1.5The metallic liners under consideration include, but are not limited to, ones made from aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, and stainless steels. In the case of COPVs, the composites through which the NDT interrogation should be made after overwrapping include, but are not limited to, various polymer matrix resins (for example, epoxies, cyanate esters, polyurethanes, phenolic resins, polyimides (including bismaleimides), polyamides) with continuous fiber reinforcement (for example, carbon, aramid, glass, or poly-(phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBO)).

1.6This guide describes the application of established NDT procedures; namely, Acoustic Emission (AE, Section 7), Eddy Current Testing (ET, Section 8), Laser Profilometry (LP, Section 9), Leak Testing (LT, Section 10), Penetrant Testing (PT, Section 11), and Radiographic Testing (RT, Section 12). These procedures can be used by cognizant engineering organizations for detecting and evaluating flaws, defects, and accumulated damage in metallic PVs, the bare metallic liner of COPVs before overwrapping, and the metallic liner of new and in-service COPVs.

1.7All methods discussed in this guide (AE, ET, LP, LT, PT, and RT) are performed on the metallic liner of COPVs before or after overwrapping and structural cure. The same methods may also be performed on metal PVs. For NDT procedures for detecting discontinuities in the composite overwrap in filament wound pressure vessels; namely, AE, ET, Shearography Testing (ST), RT, Ultrasonic Testing (UT) and Visual Testing (VT); consult Guide E2981.

1.8Due to difficulties associated with inspecting thin-walled metallic COPV liners through composite overwraps, and the availability of the NDE methods listed in 1.6 to inspect COPV liners before overwrapping and metal PVs, ultrasonic testing (UT) is not addressed in this standard. UT may still be performed as agreed upon between the supplier and customer. Ultrasonic requirements may utilize Practice E2375 as applicable based upon the specific liner application and metal thickness. Alternate ultrasonic inspection methods such as Lamb wave, surface wave, shear wave, reflector plate, etc. may be established and documented per agreed upon contractual requirements. The test requirements should be developed in conjunction with the specific criteria defined by engineering analysis.

1.9In general, AE and PT are performed on the PV or the bare metallic liner of a COPV before overwrapping (in the case of COPVs, AE is done before overwrapping to minimize interference from the composite overwrap). ET, LT, and RT are performed on the PV, bare metallic liner of a COPV before overwrapping, or on the as-manufactured COPV. LP is performed on the inner and outer surfaces of the PV, or on the inner surface of the COPV liner both before and after overwrapping. Furthermore, AE and RT are well suited for evaluating the weld integrity of welded PVs and COPV liners.

1.10Wherever possible, the NDT procedures described should be sensitive enough to detect critical flaw sizes of the order of 1.3 mm (0.050 in.) length with a 2:1 aspect ratio.

Note 2:Liners often fail due to improper welding resulting in initiation and growth of multiple small discontinuities of the order of 0.050 mm (0.002 in.) length. These will form a macro-flaw of 1-mm (0.040-in.) length only at higher stress levels.

1.11For NDT procedures that detect discontinuities in the composite overwrap of filament-wound pressure vessels (namely, AE, ET, shearography, thermography, UT and visual examination), consult Guide E2981.

1.12In the case of COPVs which are impact damage sensitive and require implementation of a damage control plan, emphasis is placed on NDT procedures that are sensitive to detecting damage in the metallic liner caused by impacts at energy levels which may or may not leave any visible indication on the COPV composite surface.

1.13This guide does not specify accept/reject criteria (4.10) used in procurement or used as a means for approving PVs or COPVs for service. Any acceptance criteria provided herein are given mainly for purposes of refinement and further elaboration of the procedures described in the guide. Project or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specific accept/reject criteria should be used when available and take precedence over any acceptance criteria contained in this document.

1.14This guide references established ASTM test methods that have a foundation of experience and that yield a numerical result, and newer procedures that have yet to be validated which are better categorized as qualitative guidelines and practices. The latter are included to promote research and later elaboration in this guide as methods of the former type.

1.15To ensure proper use of the referenced standard documents, there are recognized NDT specialists that are certified according to industry and company NDT specifications. It is recommended that an NDT specialist be a part of any thin-walled metallic component design, quality assurance, in-service maintenance, or damage examination.

1.16Units—The values stated in metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The English units given in parentheses are provided for information only.

1.17This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.18This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Committee
E 07
DocumentType
Guide
Pages
29
PublisherName
American Society for Testing and Materials
Status
Current
Supersedes

ASTM E 2533 : 2021 Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Polymer Matrix Composites Used in Aerospace Applications
ASTM E 2581 : 2014 : R2019 Standard Practice for Shearography of Polymer Matrix Composites and Sandwich Core Materials in Aerospace Applications
ASTM E 2981 : 2021 Standard Guide for Nondestructive Examination of Composite Overwraps in Filament Wound Pressure Vessels Used in Aerospace Applications

ASTM E 1316 : 2022 : REV A Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ASTM E 2737 : 2023 Standard Practice for Digital Detector Array Performance Evaluation and Long-Term Stability
ASTM E 2104 : 2015 Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Advanced Aero and Turbine Materials and Components
ASTM E 976 : 2015 Standard Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
ASTM E 2446 : 2016 Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography Systems
ASTM E 2736 : 2017 Standard Guide for Digital Detector Array Radiography
ASTM E 432 : 1991 : R2017 : EDT 1 Standard Guide for Selection of a Leak Testing Method
ASTM E 976 : 2015 : R2021 Standard Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
ASTM E 2007 : 2010 : R2023 Standard Guide for Computed Radiography
ASTM E 426 : 2016 : R2021 Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
ASTM D 3878 : 2023 Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
ASTM E 543 : 2021 Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
ASTM E 2338 : 2022 Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
ASTM E 1255 : 2023 Standard Practice for Radioscopy
ASTM E 1815 : 2018 Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography
ASTM E 432 : 1991 : R2022 Standard Guide for Selection of a Leak Testing Method
ASTM E 2737 : 2010 : R2018 Standard Practice for Digital Detector Array Performance Evaluation and Long-Term Stability
ASTM E 1742/E1742M : 2018 Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination
ASTM E 1316 : 2021 : REV A Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ASTM E 2104 : 2022 Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Advanced Aero and Turbine Materials and Components
ASTM E 2261/E2261M : 2017 : R2021 Standard Practice for Examination of Welds Using the Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique
ASTM E 1416 : 2023 Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments
ASTM E 165/E165M : 2023 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
ASTM E 1210 : 2021 Standard Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Hydrophilic Post-Emulsification Process
ASTM E 2375 : 2022 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Wrought Products
ASTM E 426 : 2016 Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
ASTM E 1316 : 2024 Standard Terminology for <?Pub Dtl?>Nondestructive Examinations
ASTM E 2446 : 2023 Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography Systems
ASTM E 2597/E2597M : 2014 Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digital Detector Arrays
ASTM E 543 : 2015 Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
ASTM E 1416 : 2016 : REV A Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments
ASTM E 2597/E2597M : 2022 Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digital Detector Arrays
ASTM E 1210 : 2016 Standard Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Hydrophilic Post-Emulsification Process
ASTM E 1316 : 2021 : REV D Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ASTM E 2884 : 2022 Standard Guide for Eddy Current Testing of Electrically Conducting Materials Using Conformable Sensor Arrays
ASTM E 2884 : 2017 Standard Guide for Eddy Current Testing of Electrically Conducting Materials Using Conformable Sensor Arrays
ASTM E 215 : 2016 Standard Practice for Standardizing Equipment and Electromagnetic Examination of Seamless Aluminum-Alloy Tube
ASTM E 1219 : 2016 Standard Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Solvent-Removable Process
ASTM D 3878 : 2020 : REV B Standard Terminology for Composite Materials
ASTM E 1316 : 2022 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ASTM E 2375 : 2016 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Wrought Products
ASTM E 1316 : 2021 : REV B Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ASTM E 2338 : 2017 Standard Practice for Characterization of Coatings Using Conformable Eddy Current Sensors without Coating Reference Standards
ASTM E 1219 : 2021 Standard Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Solvent-Removable Process
ASTM E 2261/E2261M : 2017 Standard Practice for Examination of Welds Using the Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique
ASTM E 1742/E1742M : 2023 Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination
ASTM E 2736 : 2017 : R2022 Standard Guide for Digital Detector Array Radiography
ASTM E 2007 : 2010 : R2016 Standard Guide for Computed Radiography
ASTM E 493/E493M : 2011 : R2022 Standard Practice for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector in the Inside-Out Testing Mode
ASTM E 1316 : 2023 : REV A Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ASTM E 215 : 2022 Standard Practice for Standardizing Equipment and Electromagnetic Examination of Seamless Aluminum-Alloy Tube
ASTM E 493/E493M : 2011 : R2017 Standard Practice for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector in the Inside-Out Testing Mode
ASTM E 1316 : 2021 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ASTM E 1316 : 2021 : REV C Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ASTM E 165/E165M : 2018 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
ASTM E 1815 : 2018 : R2023 Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography
ASTM E 1316 : 2023 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ASTM E 1316 : 2023 : REV B Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
ASTM E 1255 : 2016 Standard Practice for Radioscopy

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