ASTM E 3 : 2011 : R2017
Current
Current
The latest, up-to-date edition.
Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
Available format(s)
Hardcopy , PDF
Language(s)
English
Published date
12-06-2017
CONTAINED IN VOL. 03.01, 2017 Provides metallographic examinations to reveal the constituents and structure of metals and their alloys by means of a light optical or scanning electron microscope.
1.1The primary objective of metallographic examinations is to reveal the constituents and structure of metals and their alloys by means of a light optical or scanning electron microscope. In special cases, the objective of the examination may require the development of less detail than in other cases but, under nearly all conditions, the proper selection and preparation of the specimen is of major importance. Because of the diversity in available equipment and the wide variety of problems encountered, the following text presents for the guidance of the metallographer only those practices which experience has shown are generally satisfactory; it cannot and does not describe the variations in technique required to solve individual specimen preparation problems.
Note 1:For a more extensive description of various metallographic techniques, refer to Samuels, L. E., Metallographic Polishing by Mechanical Methods, American Society for Metals (ASM) Metals Park, OH, 3rd Ed., 1982; Petzow, G., Metallographic Etching, ASM, 1978; and VanderVoort, G., Metallography: Principles and Practice, McGraw Hill, NY, 2nd Ed., 1999.
1.2This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
| Committee |
E 04
|
| DevelopmentNote |
Supersedes ASTM E 5 (12/2001)
|
| DocumentType |
Guide
|
| Pages |
12
|
| ProductNote |
Reconfirmed 2017
|
| PublisherName |
American Society for Testing and Materials
|
| Status |
Current
|
| Supersedes |
| ASTM B 552 : 2019 | Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Copper–Nickel Tubes for Water Desalting Plants |
| ASTM G 46 : 2021 | Standard Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion |
| ASTM E 2014 : 2017 | Standard Guide on Metallographic Laboratory Safety |
| ASTM B 961 : 2013 : R2019 | Standard Specification for Silver Coated Copper and Copper Alloy Stranded Conductors for Electronic Space Application |
| ASTM E 1181 : 2002 : R2023 | Standard Test Methods for Characterizing Duplex Grain Sizes |
| ASTM F 1466 : 2020 | Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys for Metal-to-Ceramic Sealing Applications |
| ASTM B 395/B395M : 2018 | Standard Specification for U-Bend Seamless Copper and Copper Alloy Heat Exchanger and Condenser Tubes |
| ASTM E 768 : 1999 : R2018 | Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel |
| ASTM A 962/A962M : 2022 | Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range |
| ASTM B 640 : 2012 : REV A : R2021 | Standard Specification for Welded Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Service |
| ASTM E 2015 : 2004 : R2021 | Standard Guide for Preparation of Plastics and Polymeric Specimens for Microstructural Examination |
| ASTM E 2789 : 2010 : R2021 | Standard Guide for Fretting Fatigue Testing |
| ASTM B 748 : 1990 : R2021 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by Measurement of Cross Section with a Scanning Electron Microscope |
| ASTM E 606/E606M : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing |
| ASTM E 2283 : 2008 : R2019 | Standard Practice for Extreme Value Analysis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel and Other Microstructural Features |
| ASTM E 930 : 2018 | Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Largest Grain Observed in a Metallographic Section (ALA Grain Size) |
| ASTM B 834 : 2022 | Standard Specification for Pressure Consolidated Powder Nickel Alloy Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts |
| ASTM A 681 : 2008 : R2022 | Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy |
| ASTM F 1854 : 2015 | Standard Test Method for Stereological Evaluation of Porous Coatings on Medical Implants |
| ASTM B 1005 : 2017 | Standard Specification for Copper-Clad Aluminum Bar for Electrical Purposes (Bus Bar) |
| ASTM B 379 : 2020 | Standard Specification for Phosphorized Coppers—Refinery Shapes |
| ASTM A 579/A579M : 2020 | Standard Specification for Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings |
| ASTM B 1014 : 2020 | Standard Specification for Welded Copper and Copper Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes with a Textured Surface(s) |
| ASTM B 280 : 2020 | Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service |
| ASTM G 161 : 2000 : R2018 | Standard Guide for Corrosion-Related Failure Analysis |
| ASTM B 68/B68M : 2019 | Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, Bright Annealed |
| ASTM B 129 : 2022 | Standard Specification for Cartridge Brass Cartridge Case Cups |
| ASTM B 837 : 2019 | Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Natural Gas and Liquified Petroleum (LP) Gas Fuel Distribution Systems |
| ASTM B 131 : 2022 | Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Bullet Jacket Cups |
| ASTM E 2368 : 2010 : R2017 | Standard Practice for Strain Controlled Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing |
| ASTM E 2567 : 2016 : REV A : R2023 | Standard Test Method for Determining Nodularity And Nodule Count In Ductile Iron Using Image Analysis |
| ASTM F 29 : 1997 : R2022 | Standard Specification for Dumet Wire for Glass-to-Metal Seal Applications |
| ASTM F 3554 : 2022 | Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing – Finished Part Properties – Grade 4340 (UNS G43400) via Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion for Transportation Applications |
| ASTM F 44 : 2021 | Standard Specification for Metallized Surfaces on Ceramic (Withdrawn 2023) |
| ASTM F 15 : 2004 : R2022 | Standard Specification for Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Sealing Alloy |
| ASTM E 2142 : 2008 : R2015 | Standard Test Methods for Rating and Classifying Inclusions in Steel Using the Scanning Electron Microscope |
| ASTM F 561 : 2019 | Standard Practice for Retrieval and Analysis of Medical Devices, and Associated Tissues and Fluids |
| ASTM F 880M : 2016 | Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Set Screws (Metric) (Withdrawn 2023) |
| ASTM F 2328M : 2017 : R2022 | Standard Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Nuts (Metric) |
| ASTM E 1382 : 1997 : R2023 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size Using Semiautomatic and Automatic Image Analysis |
| ASTM B 359/B359M : 2018 | Standard Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes With Integral Fins |
| ASTM F 2885 : 2017 : R2023 | Standard Specification for Metal Injection Molded Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium Components for Surgical Implant Applications |
| ASTM E 45 : 2018 : REV A | Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel |
| ASTM G 209 : 2014 : R2022 | Standard Practice for Detecting mu-phase in Wrought Nickel-Rich, Chromium, Molybdenum-Bearing Alloys |
| ASTM F 3213 : 2017 | Standard for Additive Manufacturing – Finished Part Properties – Standard Specification for Cobalt-28 Chromium-6 Molybdenum via Powder Bed Fusion |
| ASTM F 3318 : 2018 | Standard for Additive Manufacturing – Finished Part Properties – Specification for AlSi10Mg with Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam |
| ASTM G 30 : 2022 | Standard Practice for Making and Using U-Bend Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens |
| ASTM B 743 : 2023 | Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube in Coils |
| ASTM E 340 : 2015 | Standard Practice for Macroetching Metals and Alloys |
| ASTM E 92 : 2017 | Standard Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic Materials |
| ASTM B 795 : 2020 | Standard Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Alloyed or Unalloyed Iron Contamination Present in Powder Forged (PF) Steel Materials |
| ASTM E 466 : 2021 | Standard Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Constant Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic Materials |
| ASTM B 919 : 2019 | Standard Specification for Welded Copper Heat Exchanger Tubes With Internal Enhancement |
| ASTM B 643 : 2018 | Standard Specification for Copper-Beryllium Alloy Seamless Tube |
| ASTM F 3184 : 2016 | Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Stainless Steel Alloy (UNS S31603) with Powder Bed Fusion |
| ASTM F 3001 : 2014 : R2021 | Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) with Powder Bed Fusion |
| ASTM B 506 : 2022 | Standard Specification for Copper-Clad Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip for Building Construction |
| ASTM E 1351 : 2001 : R2020 | Standard Practice for Production and Evaluation of Field Metallographic Replicas |
| ASTM E 1405 : 1998 : R2022 | Standard Specification for Laboratory Glass Distillation Flasks |
| ASTM F 3302 : 2018 | Standard for Additive Manufacturing – Finished Part Properties – Standard Specification for Titanium Alloys via Powder Bed Fusion |
| ASTM B 577 : 2019 | Standard Test Methods for Detection of Cuprous Oxide (Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility) in Copper |
| ASTM E 235/E235M : 2019 | Standard Specification for Type K and Type N Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Thermocouples for Nuclear or for Other High-Reliability Applications |
| ASTM G 108 : 1994 : R2015 | Standard Test Method for Electrochemical Reactivation (EPR) for Detecting Sensitization of AISI Type 304 and 304L Stainless Steels |
| ASTM F 75 : 2023 | Standard Specification for Cobalt-28 Chromium-6 Molybdenum Alloy Castings and Casting Alloy for Surgical Implants (UNS R30075) |
| ASTM G 146 : 2001 : R2018 | Standard Practice for Evaluation of Disbonding of Bimetallic Stainless Alloy/Steel Plate for Use in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Refinery Hydrogen Service |
| ASTM B 848/B848M : 2021 | Standard Specification for Powder Forged (PF) Ferrous Materials |
| ASTM B 130 : 2019 | Standard Specification for Commercial Bronze Strip for Bullet Jackets |
| ASTM F 3056 : 2014 : R2021 | Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with Powder Bed Fusion |
| ASTM E 112 : 2013 : R2021 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size |
| ASTM A 600 : 1992 : REV A : R2016 | Standard Specification for Tool Steel High Speed |
| ASTM E 1245 : 2003 : R2023 | Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis |
| ASTM E 384 : 2022 | Standard Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of Materials |
| ASTM A 684/A684M : 2017 | Standard Specification for Steel, Strip, High-Carbon, Cold-Rolled |
| ASTM B 19 : 2020 | Standard Specification for Cartridge Brass Sheet, Strip, Plate, Bar, and Disks |
| ASTM B 476 : 2021 | Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Precious Metal Electrical Contact Materials |
| ASTM E 2546 : 2015 | Standard Practice for Instrumented Indentation Testing |
| ASTM B 249/B249M : 2022 | Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Copper and Copper-Alloy Rod, Bar, Shapes and Forgings |
| ASTM G 4 : 2001 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Conducting Corrosion Tests in Field Applications (Withdrawn 2023) |
| ASTM B 777 : 2015 : R2020 | Standard Specification for Tungsten Base, High-Density Metal |
| ASTM B 1003 : 2016 | Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Linesets |
| ASTM A 247 : 2019 | Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of Graphite in Iron Castings |
| ASTM F 912 : 2011 : R2017 | Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Socket Set Screws |
| ASTM F 256 : 2005 : R2020 | Standard Specification for Chromium-Iron Sealing Alloys with 18 or 28 Percent Chromium (Withdrawn 2023) |
| ASTM A 892 : 2009 : R2020 | Standard Guide for Defining and Rating the Microstructure of High Carbon Bearing Steels |
| ASTM C 1220 : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Static Leaching of Monolithic Waste Forms for Disposal of Radioactive Waste |
| ASTM F 2989 : 2021 | Standard Specification for Metal Injection Molded Unalloyed Titanium Components for Surgical Implant Applications |
| ASTM G 110 : 1992 : R2022 : EDT 2 | Standard Practice for Evaluating Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Heat Treatable Aluminum Alloys by Immersion in Sodium Chloride + Hydrogen Peroxide Solution |
| ASTM E 1508 : 2012 : REV A : R2019 | Standard Guide for Quantitative Analysis by Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D 1654 : 2008 : R2016 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments |
| ASTM B 797 : 2020 | Standard Test Method for Surface Finger-Oxide Penetration Depth and Presence of Interparticle Oxide Networks in Powder Forged (PF) Steel Parts |
| ASTM F 1108 : 2021 | Standard Specification for Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium Alloy Castings for Surgical Implants (UNS R56406) |
| ASTM F 2111 : 2022 | Standard Practice for Measuring Intergranular Attack or End Grain Pitting on Metals Caused by Aircraft Chemical Processes |
| ASTM E 839 : 2011 : R2016 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Methods for Sheathed Thermocouples and Sheathed Thermocouple Cable |
| ASTM B 587 : 2019 | Standard Specification for Welded Brass Tube |
| ASTM A 686 : 1992 : R2016 | Standard Specification for Tool Steel, Carbon |
| ASTM E 562 : 2019 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count |
| ASTM B 152/B152M : 2019 | Standard Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar |
| ASTM B 487 : 2020 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of Cross Section |
| ASTM G 34 : 2001 : R2018 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Method for Exfoliation Corrosion Susceptibility in 2XXX and 7XXX Series Aluminum Alloys (EXCO Test) |
| ASTM B 251/B251M : 2017 | Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube |
| ASTM F 2886 : 2017 | Standard Specification for Metal Injection Molded Cobalt-28Chromium-6Molybdenum Components for Surgical Implant Applications |
| ASTM B 747 : 2020 | Standard Specification for Copper-Zirconium Alloy Sheet and Strip |
| ASTM B 694 : 2019 | Standard Specification for Copper, Copper-Alloy, Copper-Clad Bronze (CCB), Copper-Clad Stainless Steel (CCS), and Copper-Clad Alloy Steel (CAS) Sheet and Strip for Electrical Cable Shielding |
| ASTM A 262 : 2015 : R2021 | Standard Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels |
| ASTM B 796 : 2020 | Standard Test Method for Nonmetallic Inclusion Content of Ferrous Powders Intended for Powder Forging (PF) Applications |
| ASTM B 447 : 2012 : REV A : R2021 | Standard Specification for Welded Copper Tube |
| ASTM B 740 : 2021 | Standard Specification for Copper-Nickel-Tin Spinodal Alloy Strip |
| ASTM F 3055 : 2014 : REV A : R2021 | Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N07718) with Powder Bed Fusion |
| ASTM F 2924 : 2014 : R2021 | Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion |
| ASTM F 2328 : 2017 : R2022 | Standard Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded Steel Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Nuts |
| ASTM E 2109 : 2001 : R2021 | Standard Test Methods for Determining Area Percentage Porosity in Thermal Sprayed Coatings |
| ASTM B 543/B543M : 2018 | Standard Specification for Welded Copper and Copper-Alloy Heat Exchanger Tube |
| ASTM B 569 : 2019 | Standard Specification for Brass Strip in Narrow Widths and Light Gage for Heat-Exchanger Tubing |
| ASTM E 2207 : 2015 : R2021 | Standard Practice for Strain-Controlled Axial-Torsional Fatigue Testing with Thin-Walled Tubular Specimens |
| ASTM E 82/E82M : 2014 : R2019 | Standard Test Method for Determining the Orientation of a Metal Crystal |
| ASTM B 250/B250M : 2019 | Standard Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Copper Alloy Wire |
| ASTM F 3122 : 2014 : R2022 | Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Metal Materials Made via Additive Manufacturing Processes |
| ASTM B 903 : 2015 : R2022 | Standard Specification for Seamless Copper Heat Exchanger Tubes With Internal Enhancement |
| ASTM E 1268 : 2019 | Standard Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of Microstructures |
| ASTM C 664 : 2010 : R2020 | Standard Test Methods for Thickness of Diffusion Coating |
| ASTM E 1180 : 2008 : R2021 | Standard Practice for Preparing Sulfur Prints for Macrostructural Evaluation |
| ASTM E 1245 : 2003 | Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis |
| ASTM E 1268 : 1999 | Standard Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of Microstructures |
| ASTM E 1077 : 2014 | Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens |
| ASTM E 1077 : 2014 : R2021 | Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens |
| ASTM E 7 : 2017 : REDLINE | Standard Terminology Relating to Metallography |
| ASTM A 90/A90M : 2021 | Standard Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings |
| ASTM E 1920 : 2003 | Standard Guide for Metallographic Preparation of Thermal Sprayed Coatings |
| ASTM E 1245 : 1995 | Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis |
| ASTM E 1558 : 2009 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Electrolytic Polishing of Metallographic Specimens |
| ASTM A 90/A90M : 2013 : R2018 | Standard Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings |
| ASTM E 7 : 2017 | Standard Terminology Relating to Metallography |
| ASTM E 1122 : 1996 : R2002 | Standard Practice for Obtaining JK Inclusion Ratings Using Automatic Image Analysis (Withdrawn 2006) |
| ASTM E 1245 : 2003 : R2008 | Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis |
| ASTM E 1920 : 2003 : R2021 | Standard Guide for Metallographic Preparation of Thermal Sprayed Coatings |
| ASTM E 45 : 1997 : EDT 2 | Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel |
| ASTM E 45 : 2018 : REV A | Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel |
| ASTM E 7 : 2022 | Standard Terminology Relating to Metallography |
| ASTM E 1268 : 2001 | Standard Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of Microstructures |
| ASTM E 1077 : 1991 : R1997 | Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens |
| ASTM E 1268 : 2001 : R2016 | Standard Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of Microstructures |
| ASTM E 768 : 1999 : R2018 | Standard Guide for Preparing and Evaluating Specimens for Automatic Inclusion Assessment of Steel |
| ASTM E 1558 : 1999 | Standard Guide for Electrolytic Polishing of Metallographic Specimens |
| ASTM E 1077 : 2014 : REDLINE | Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens |
| ASTM E 1920 : 2003 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Metallographic Preparation of Thermal Sprayed Coatings |
| ASTM E 45 : 2018 : REV A : R2023 | Standard Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel |
| ASTM E 1558 : 2009 | Standard Guide for Electrolytic Polishing of Metallographic Specimens |
| ASTM E 1245 : 2000 | Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis |
| ASTM E 1077 : 2001 : EDT 1 | Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens |
| ASTM E 1077 : 2001 : R2005 | Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens |
| ASTM E 1077 : 2001 | Standard Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens |
| ASTM E 1122 : 1996 | Standard Practice for Obtaining JK Inclusion Ratings Using Automatic Image Analysis |
| ASTM E 1245 : 2003 : R2016 | Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis |
| ASTM E 1558 : 2009 : R2021 | Standard Guide for Electrolytic Polishing of Metallographic Specimens |
| ASTM E 1920 : 2003 : R2008 | Standard Guide for Metallographic Preparation of Thermal Sprayed Coatings |
| ASTM E 1268 : 2018 | Standard Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of Microstructures |
| ASTM E 1268 : 2001 : R2007 | Standard Practice for Assessing the Degree of Banding or Orientation of Microstructures |
| ASTM E 1920 : 1997 | Standard Guide for Metallographic Preparation of Thermal Sprayed Coatings |
| ASTM E 1245 : 2003 : R2023 | Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis |
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