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ASTM E 399 : 2020 : REV A

Superseded
Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

View Superseded by
superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials
Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Superseded date

12-07-2023

Language(s)

English

Published date

26-01-2021

1.1This test method covers the determination of fracture toughness (KIc and optionally KIsi) of metallic materials under predominantly linear-elastic, plane-strain conditions using fatigue precracked specimens having a thickness of 1.6 mm (0.063 in.) or greater2 subjected to slowly, or in special (elective) cases rapidly, increasing crack-displacement force. Details of test apparatus, specimen configuration, and experimental procedure are given in the annexes. Two procedures are outlined for using the experimental data to calculate fracture toughness values:

1.1.1The KIc test procedure is described in the main body of this test standard and is a mandatory part of the testing and results reporting procedure for this test method. The KIc test procedure is based on crack growth of up to 2 % percent of the specimen width. This can lead to a specimen size dependent rising fracture toughness resistance curve, with larger specimens producing higher fracture toughness results.

1.1.2The KIsi test procedure is described in Appendix X1 and is an optional part of this test method. The KIsi test procedure is based on a fixed amount of crack extension of 0.5 mm, and as a result, KIsi is less sensitive to specimen size than KIc. This less size-sensitive fracture toughness, KIsi, is called size-insensitive throughout this test method. Appendix X1 contains an optional procedure for reinterpreting the force-displacement test record recorded as part of this test method to calculate the additional fracture toughness value, KIsi.

Note 1:Plane-strain fracture toughness tests of materials thinner than 1.6 mm (0.063 in.) that are sufficiently brittle (see 7.1) can be made using other types of specimens (1).3 There is no standard test method for such thin materials.

1.2This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general recommendations and requirements for testing and includes specific requirements for the KIc test procedure. The second part consists of Annexes that give specific information on displacement gage and loading fixture design, special requirements for individual specimen configurations, and detailed procedures for fatigue precracking. Additional annexes are provided that give specific procedures for beryllium and rapid-force testing, and the KIsi test procedure, which provides an optional additional analysis procedure for the test data collected as part of the KIc test procedure.

1.3General information and requirements common to all specimen configurations:

Section

Referenced Documents

2

Terminology

3

 Stress-Intensity Factor

3.1.1

 Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness

3.1.2

 Crack Plane Orientation

3.1.4

Summary of Test Method

4

Significance and Use

5

 Significance

5.1

 Precautions

5.1.1 – 5.1.5

 Practical Applications

5.2

Apparatus (see also 1.4)

6

 Tension Machine

6.1

 Fatigue Machine

6.2

 Loading Fixtures

6.3

 Displacement Gage, Measurement

6.4

Specimen Size, Configurations, and Preparation (see also 1.5)

7

 Specimen Size Estimates

7.1

 Standard and Alternative Specimen Configurations

7.2

 Fatigue Crack Starter Notches

7.3.1

 Fatigue Precracking (see also 1.6)

7.3.2

 Crack Extension Beyond Starter Notch

7.3.2.2

General Procedure

8

 Specimen Measurements

  Thickness

8.2.1

  Width

8.2.2

  Crack Size

8.2.3

  Crack Plane Angle

8.2.4

 Specimen Testing

  Loading Rate

8.3

  Test Record

8.4

Calculation and Interpretation of Results

9

 Test Record Analysis

9.1

Pmax/PQ Validity Requirement

9.1.3

 Specimen Size Validity Requirements

9.1.4

Reporting

10

Precision and Bias

11

1.4Specific requirements related to test apparatus:

Double-Cantilever Displacement Gage

Annex A1

Testing Fixtures

Annex A2

Bend Specimen Loading Fixture

Annex A2.1

Compact Specimen Loading Clevis

Annex A2.2

1.5Specific requirements related to individual specimen configurations:

Bend Specimen SE(B)

Annex A3

Compact Specimen C(T)

Annex A4

Disk-Shaped Compact Specimen DC(T)

Annex A5

Arc-Shaped Tension Specimen A(T)

Annex A6

Arc-Shaped Bend Specimen A(B)

Annex A7

1.6Specific requirements related to special test procedures:

Fatigue Precracking KIc and KIsi Specimens

Annex A8

Hot-Pressed Beryllium Testing

Annex A9

Rapid-Force Testing

Annex A10

Determination of KIsi

Appendix X1

1.7The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.8This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.9This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Committee
E 08
DocumentType
Test Method
Pages
38
PublisherName
American Society for Testing and Materials
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes

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ASTM B 909 : 2017 Standard Guide for Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Non-Stress Relieved Aluminum Products
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ASTM E 691 : 2019 : EDT 1 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
ASTM E 1921 : 2019 : REV B Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, <emph type="bdit">T<inf >o</inf></emph>, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range
ASTM E 1823 : 2021 Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
ASTM B 645 : 2010 : R2015 Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane–Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
ASTM E 691 : 2022 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
ASTM E 691 : 2009 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
ASTM E 1820 : 2020 : REV B Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness
ASTM E 1921 : 2011 Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, <span class="bdit">T<sub>o</sub></span>, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range
ASTM E 4 : 2021 Standard Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
ASTM E 691 : 2021 Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
ASTM B 645 : 1998 Standard Practice for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
ASTM B 909 : 2021 Standard Guide for Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Non-Stress Relieved Aluminum Products
ASTM E 1921 : 2021 Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, <emph type="bdit">T<inf >o</inf></emph>, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range
ASTM E 1921 : 2020 Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, <emph type="bdit">T<inf >o</inf></emph>, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range
ASTM B 645 : 2021 Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
ASTM E 456 : 2013 : REV A : R2017 : EDT 4 Standard Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
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