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ASTM E 681 : 2009 : R2015

Superseded
Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

View Superseded by
superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)
Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Superseded date

26-05-2023

Language(s)

English

Published date

22-04-2015

CONTAINED IN VOL. 14.02, 2016 Defines the determination of the lower and upper concentration limits of flammability of chemicals having sufficient vapor pressure to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure at the test temperature.

1.1This test method covers the determination of the lower and upper concentration limits of flammability of chemicals having sufficient vapor pressure to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure at the test temperature. This test method may be used to determine these limits in the presence of inert dilution gases. No oxidant stronger than air should be used.

Note 1:The lower flammability limit (LFL) and upper flammability limit (UFL) are sometimes referred to as the lower explosive limit (LEL) and the upper explosive limit (UEL), respectively. However, since the terms LEL and UEL are also used to denote concentrations other than the limits defined in this test method, one must examine the definitions closely when LEL and UEL values are reported or used.

1.2This test method is based on electrical ignition and visual observations of flame propagation. Users may experience problems if the flames are difficult to observe (for example, irregular propagation or insufficient luminescence in the visible spectrum), if the test material requires large ignition energy, or if the material has large quenching distances.

1.3Annex A1 provides a modified test method for materials (such as certain amines, halogenated materials, and the like) with large quenching distances which may be difficult to ignite.

1.4In other situations where strong ignition sources (such as direct flame ignition) is considered credible, the use of a test method employing higher energy ignition source in a sufficiently large pressure chamber (analogous, for example, to the methods in Test Method E2079 for measuring limiting oxygen concentration) may be more appropriate. In this case, expert advice may be necessary.

1.5The flammability limits depend on the test temperature and pressure. This test method is limited to an initial pressure of the local ambient or less, with a practical lower pressure limit of approximately 13 kPa (100 mm Hg). The maximum practical operating temperature of this equipment is approximately 150°C.

1.6The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.7This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.

1.8This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8

Committee
E 27
DocumentType
Test Method
Pages
12
ProductNote
Reconfirmed 2015
PublisherName
American Society for Testing and Materials
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes

ASTM E 502 : 2021 : REV A Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
ASTM E 918 : 2019 Standard Practice for Determining Limits of Flammability of Chemicals at Elevated Temperature and Pressure
ASTM E 1232 : 2007 : R2019 Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals
ASTM D 4054 : 2023 Standard Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives

ASTM E 582 : 2021 Standard Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy and Quenching Distance in Gaseous Mixtures
ASTM E 2079 : 2007 : R2013 Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors
ASTM E 1515 : 2014 Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts
ASTM E 1515 : 2014 : R2022 Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts
NFPA 69 : 2014 EXPLOSION PREVENTION SYSTEMS
ASTM E 1515 : 2007 Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts
ASTM E 2079 : 2001 Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors
ASTM E 1515 : 2014 : REDLINE Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts
ASTM E 1515 : 2003 Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts
ASTM E 2079 : 2000 Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors
ASTM E 582 : 2007 : R2013 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy and Quenching Distance in Gaseous Mixtures
ASTM E 1445 : 2008 Standard Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
ASTM E 1445 : 2002 Standard Terminology Relating to Hazardous Potential of Chemicals
ASTM E 2079 : 2007 Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors
ASTM E 1445 : 2003 Standard Terminology Relating to Hazardous Potential of Chemicals
ASTM E 1445 : 2008 : R2015 Standard Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
ASTM E 1445 : 1998 Standard Terminology Relating to Hazardous Potential of Chemicals
ASTM E 2079 : 2019 Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors
ASTM E 171 : 1994 : R1998 Standard Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
ASTM E 1515 : 2000 Standard Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts

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