BS 6349-4:1994

Section 1. General
1. Scope
2. Definitions
3. Symbols
Section 2. Fendering
4. General principles
4.1 Provision of fendering
4.2 Principles of berthing
4.3 Overall design
4.4 Materials and workmanship
4.5 Vessel size
4.6 Berthing velocities
4.7 Berthing energies
4.8 Berthing reactions and load distribution
4.9 Factors of safety and design stresses
4.10 Mounting and suspension
4.11 Application of fender layout for berths
5. Types of fender
5.1 Fenders using elastomeric units
5.2 Pneumatic and foam-filled fenders
5.3 Flexible dolphins
5.4 Fender piles
5.5 Gravity fenders
5.6 Timber fenders
5.7 Mechanical fenders
5.8 Miscellaneous types
5.9 Advantages and disadvantages of fender types
5.10 Areas of applicability of fender types
6. Special considerations in the provision of
      fendering
6.1 Vessels with bulbous bows
6.2 Belting
Section 3. Mooring
7. Principles of good mooring
8. Mooring patterns
8.1 General
8.2 Breast lines
8.3 Spring lines
8.4 Head and stern lines
9. Forces acting on the moored ship
9.1 General
9.2 Wind and currents
9.3 Off-quay hydrodynamic force and hydrodynamic
      interference from passing ships
9.4 Waves
9.5 Tidal rise and fall and change in draught or trim
      due to cargo operations
9.6 Ice
10. Loads on mooring points
10.1 Vessels up to 20,000 t displacement
10.2 Vessels over 20,000 t displacement
11. On-shore mooring equipment
11.1 General
11.2 Materials
11.3 Mounting and fixing
11.4 Bollards
11.5 Quick release mooring hooks
11.6 Mooring rings
11.7 Capstans
11.8 Safety precautions
Annexes
A. Gross registered tonnage, deadweight tonnage and
     displacement
B. Selection of mooring lines on vessels
C. Reference and bibliography
Tables
1. Typical categories of berth location
2. Vessel categories
3. Typical range of Cb
4. Coefficients of friction of fender facing materials
     in dry conditions
5. Elastomeric units: types and characteristics
6. Pneumatic fenders: types and characteristics
7. Mooring point loads for general cargo vessels and
     bulk carriers
8. Mooring bollards
9. Sizes of synthetic mooring ropes normally carried
     by vessels, and the breaking load of these ropes
10. Sizes of galvanized steel wire ropes normally
     carried by vessels, and the breaking load of these
     ropes
Figures
1. Design berthing velocity as function of navigation
     conditions and size of vessel
2. Geometry of vessel approach to berth
3. Ferry and Ro-Ro vessel berthing
4. Hull and fender geometry at impact
5. Plan showing hull and cope geometry at impact
6. Plan showing angled fender units
7. Continuous fender facing
8. Fender layout on a continuous quay
9. Plan of single island berth
10. Plan of three-island berth
11. Plan of five-island berth
12. Lead-in jetty layout
13. Plan showing geometry of vessel with bulbous bow
14. Typical mooring patterns
15. Optimum angles of mooring lines for island tanker
     berth
16. Vessel under influence of stand-off force
17. Effect of tidal rise and fall and change in draught
     or trim
18. Quick release mooring hooks
19. Mooring rings
List of references