DEFSTAN 59-113/1(2006) : 2006

Foreword
1 Scope
2 Warning
3 Normative References
4 Applicability and Reference Information
  4.1 Applicability
  4.2 Requirements
  4.3 Abbreviations
  4.4 Acronyms
  4.5 Definitions
  4.6 Informative References
  4.7 Relationship to Other Documents
5 Requirements
  5.1 Protection Aim Requirements
  5.2 Design Requirements
  5.3 Evaluation Requirements
  5.4 Background and Guidance
Annex A - External Derived Lightning Environment (Lighting
          Threat Levels) to be used as Design Criteria
  A.1 Introduction
  A.2 General Considerations
  A.3 Air Side External Environment
Annex B - Lightning Zoning Requirements for Rotary Wing
          Aircraft
  B.1 Introduction
  B.2 Zoning Concepts for Rotary Wing Aircraft
       B.2.1 General Considerations and Assumptions
       B.2.2 Main Rotor
       B.2.3 Tail Rotor (non-enclosed type)
       B.2.4 Main Body of Aircraft
  B.3 Zoning Diagram
Annex C - Some General and Particular Design Requirements
  C.1 Introduction
  C.2 General Design Requirement
       C.2.1 CFC Construction and Surface Protection
       C.2.2 Dielectric Surfaces
       C.2.3 Surface Damage to Metal Skins
       C.2.4 Bonding and Installation of Conductors
               Carrying Lightning Current
       C.2.5 Installation of Cables and Wiring
       C.2.6 Requirements for the Design and Installation
               of Avionic Equipment to Withstand Lightning
               Induced Voltage and Current Transients
       C.2.7 Environmental Conditions
       C.2.8 Life Cycle Aspects
  C.3 Particular Design Requirements
       C.3.1 Fuel Systems
       C.3.2 Flight Control Systems
       C.3.3 Pylons, Missile Launch Rails and Stores
       C.3.4 Radome Protection
       C.3.5 Antenna Systems
       C.3.6 De-Icing Systems
       C.3.7 Canopy and Personnel Protection
       C.3.8 External Probes and Equipment, including
               Drogues and other Trailed Equipment
Annex D - Requirements for the Assessment and Certification
          of the Capability of Aircraft to Withstand
          Lightning Effects
  D.1 Introduction
  D.2 Lightning Environment and Design Parameter
  D.3 Aim of Lightning Protection Plan
  D.4 Scope of Lightning Protection Plan
  D.5 Scope of Lightning Hazard Design Analysis
  D.6 Lightning Test Waveforms
  D.7 Test Plan and Schedule
  D.8 Presentation of Documentation, Risk Evaluation and
       Recommendations for Approval
Annex E - Evaluation of the Hazards Caused by Transients
          Induced on Aircraft Wiring
  E.1 Introduction
  E.2 Evaluation Requirements when Modeling is Essential
       E.2.2 Analysis
       E.2.3 Selection of Equipment
       E.2.8 Testing of Equipment
  E.3 Evaluation Requirements when Modelling is not
       Essential
       E.3.2 Selection of Equipment
       E.3.7 Equipment Testing
  E.4 Margins to be Applied
  E.5 Additional Evaluation Requirements For EED's &
       Fuzing Devices
Annex F - Evaluation of Fuel and Explosive Vapour Hazards
  F.1 Introduction
  F.2 Evaluation Requirements
  F.3 Mandatory Tests
Annex G - Waveforms for Test and Analysis Derived from the
          External Threat
  G.1 Introduction
  G.2 Test Waveforms for Direct Effects Testing
  G.3 Test Waveforms for Indirect Effects Testing
       G.3.1 Waveforms for Induced Voltage and Insulation
               Breakdown Tests
       G.3.2 Waveforms for Lightning Transient Assessment
               and Pulse Tests
       G.3.3 Waveforms for Equipment Testing
  G.4 Waveform for Leader Phase Effects Testing
Annex H Internal Environments and Waveforms
  H.1 Introduction
  H.2 Standard Induced Transient Waveforms for Assessment
       of Equipment Susceptibility
       H.2.1 The Origin and Shape of Transients
       H.2.2 Standard Waveforms
  H.3 Equipment Test Levels for IP, SP and LP Waveforms
       H.3.1 General Considerations
       H.3.2 Equipment Installation Categories for IP, SP
               and LP Waveforms
       H.3.3 Test Levels
  H.4 Levels and Frequencies for DS Waveform
       H.4.1 Selection of Transient Test Frequencies
       H.4.2 Test Limits
  H.5 Multiple Burst Test Waveform and Levels
  H.6 Guidance Concerning Equipment Test Waveforms
Annex I - Informative References
  I.1 Section 4
  I.2 Section 5
  I.3 Leaflet 0/2
  I.4 Leaflet 1
  I.5 Leaflet 1/3
  I.6 Leaflet 1/4
  I.7 Leaflet 2/1
  I.8 Leaflet 2/2
  I.9 Leaflet 2/4
  I.10 Leaflet 2/5
  I.11 Leaflet 2/6
  I.12 Leaflet 2/7
  I.13 Leaflet 2/8
  I.14 Leaflet 2/9
  I.15 Leaflet 2/11
Annex J - Leaflets
  J.1 Leaflet 0/2 - Relationship of Def Stan 59-113 to
       other Documents
       J.1.1 Introduction
       J.1.2 Comparisons
       J.1.3 Detailed Comparisons of Definitions
       J.1.4 Discussion Concerning Indirect Effect Assessments
       J.1.5 Discussion Concerning Derived External Environment
       J.1.6 Discussion Concerning Explosive Vapour Assessments
       J.1.7 Differences between 59-113 and Draft STANAG's 4236
               and 4327
  J.2 Leaflet 1 - Recommended Test Methods
       J.2.1 Introduction
       J.2.2 Test Methods
       J.2.3 General Test Requirements
  J.3 Leaflet 1/1 - Recommendations for Indirect Effects Tests
       on Whole Aircraft
       J.3.1 Introduction
       J.3.2 Selection and Preparation of Test Item
       J.3.3 Test Configuration
       J.3.4 Pulse Tests
  J.4 Leaflet 1/2 - Recommendations for indirect effects
       tests on Parts of Aircraft
       J.4.1 Introduction
       J.4.2 General Requirements for Indirect Effects Test
       J.4.3 Combination with Direct Effects Tests
       J.4.4 Waveform
       J.4.5 Current Path
       J.4.6 Test Levels
       J.4.7 Load Impedances
       J.4.8 Data to be Recorded
       J.4.9 Induced Voltage Measurements
       J.4.10 Insulation Breakdown and Voltage Flashover
               Assessment
  J.5 Leaflet 1/3 - Recommendations for Equipment Tests
       J.5.1 Introduction
       J.5.2 General Requirements for Damped Sinewave
               and Ground Voltage Tests
       J.5.3 Damped Sinewave Injection Test
       J.5.4 Ground Voltage Injection Tests
       J.5.5 Multiple Burst Tests
  J.6 Leaflet 1/4 - Recommendations for Fuel Hazard Tests
       J.6.1 Introduction
       J.6.2 Arc Root Tests
       J.6.3 Sparking Test
       J.6.4 Flammable Gas Test
       J.6.5 Test Waveforms
       J.6.6 Conditioning of Test Sample by Repeated Testing
  J.7 Leaflet 1/5 - Recommended Tests for Direct Effects
       J.7.1 Introduction
       J.7.2 Tests
  J.8 Leaflet 1/6 - Recommended Tests for Leader Phase Effects
       J.8.1 Introduction
       J.8.2 Test L1/6-1 Dielectric Puncture
  J.9 Leaflet 1/7 - Recommended Methods of Detecting Sparking
       J.9.1 Applicability
       J.9.2 Method A (Photographic)
       J.9.3 Method B (Photomultiplier)
  J.10 Leaflet 2 - Background, Rationale and Guidance
       J.10.1 Status of Advisory Material
       J.10.2 Sub Leaflets of Leaflet 2
  J.11 Leaflet 2/1 - The Natural Lightning Discharge
       J.11.1 Introduction
       J.11.2 Cloud To Ground Discharges
       J.11.3 Inter And Intra Cloud Discharges
       J.11.4 Natural Lightning Parameters
  J.12 Leaflet 2/2 - Lightning Interactions with Aircraft
       J.12.1 Introduction
       J.12.2 Lightning Strikes to Aircraft
       J.12.3 Classification of Lightning Effects to Aircraft
       J.12.4 Direct Effects
       J.12.5 Indirect Effects
       J.12.6 Far-Field Effects
       J.12.7 Relationship between Indirect Effects Tests
               and Equipment Tests
       J.12.8 Leader Phase and Arc Driven Voltage Effects
       J.12.9 Design Aim Parameters and Lightning Test Waveforms
       J.12.10 Composite Test Waveform for Direct Effects
               and some Indirect Effects
       J.12.11 Lightning Flight Restrictions
  J.13 Leaflet 2/3 - General Assessment, Guidance
       J.13.1 Introduction
       J.13.2 Purpose of Lightning Protection Plan and
               Lightning Hazard Design Analysis
       J.13.3 Criticality Lists and Functional Hazard
               Assessment (FHA) Prepared by the Aircraft
               Manufacturer
       J.13.4 Need for Risk Evaluation
       J.13.5 Factors Affecting the Need for Testing
       J.13.6 Test Plan, Test Schedule and Test Report
       J.13.7 Test Combinations
       J.13.8 Hazards Arising from Testing
  J.14 Leaflet 2/4 - Assessment, Guidance for Indirect
       Effect Hazards
       J.14.1 Introduction
       J.14.2 Summary of Indirect Effects Mechanisms
       J.14.3 Aircraft Clearance
       J.14.4 Indirect Effect Tests on Whole Aircraft
       J.14.5 Indirect Effects Test on Parts of Aircraft
       J.14.6 Assessment of Voltages Liable to Stress
               Insulation or Cause Voltage Flashover
  J.15 Leaflet 2/5 - Fuel Hazard Assessment and Design
       Guidance
       J.15.1 Introduction
       J.15.2 Fuel Characteristics and Criteria for
               Explosion or Combustion
       J.15.3 Hazard Mechanisms
       J.15.4 Fuel Hazard Assessments and Tests
       J.15.5 Risk Assessments, Overall Probabilities
               and Safety Margins
  J.16 Leaflet 2/6 - Techniques and Guidance for Direct
       Effects Tests
       J.16.1 Simulation of the Environment
       J.16.2 Test Current Generation
       J.16.3 Reference to Earth Potential
       J.16.4 Diagnostics
       J.16.5 Factors Affecting the Need for Testing
  J.17 Leaflet 2/7 - Techniques and Guidance for Equipment
       Tests
       J.17.1 Introduction
       J.17.2 Determination of Transients to be Applied to
               Equipment
       J.17.3 Bulk Cable Injection
       J.17.4 Characteristics of the Pulse Generator
       J.17.5 Provision of Equipment for Test
       J.17.6 The Damped Sinewave Injection Test
       J.17.7 The Ground Voltage Injection Test
  J.18 Leaflet 2/8 - Techniques for Leader Phase Tests
       J.18.1 Dielectric Puncture Tests
       J.18.2 Selection of Test Waveform
       J.18.3 Test Guidance
  J.19 Leaflet 2/9 - Guidance Concerning Some Design
       Requirements
       J.19.1 Introduction
       J.19.2 CFC Construction
       J.19.3 Dielectric Surfaces
       J.19.4 Surface Damage to Metal Skins
       J.19.5 Bonding and Installation of Conductors
               Carrying Lightning Current
       J.19.6 Installation of Cables and Wiring
       J.19.7 Lightning Surge Suppressors and Diverters
       J.19.8 Flight Control Systems
       J.19.9 Propulsion Systems and Installations
       J.19.10 Fuel Systems
       J.19.11 Radome Protection
       J.19.12 Antenna System Protection
       J.19.13 De-Icing Systems
       J.19.14 Canopy and Personnel Protection
  J.20 Leaflet 2/10 - Preferred Format for Lightning
       Protection Plan Status Report
       J.20.1 Introduction
       J.20.2 Headings To Include In Report
       J.20.3 Report Format
  J.21 Leaflet 2/11 - Flight Restrictions to Minimise Risk
       of Lightning Strikes
       J.21.1 Introduction
       J.21.2 Discussion
               J.21.2.1 Triggered and Intercepted Strikes
               J.21.2.2 Triggered Strike Avoidance
               J.21.2.3 Intercepted Strike Avoidance
               J.21.2.4 Avoidance Distance
               J.21.2.5 A Practical Avoidance Criteria
               J.21.2.6 Proscribed Cloud Conditions
               J.21.2.7 Eurofighter Restriction and some
                        other Restrictions
               J.21.2.8 Nimrod MRA4 Restriction
               J.21.2.9 Lightning Risk States