This part of ISO 16017 gives general guidance for the sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)in air. It is applicable to ambient, indoor and workplace atmospheres and the assessment of emissions frommaterials in small- or full-scale test chambers.This part of ISO 16017 is appropriate for a wide range of VOCs, including hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons,esters, glycol ethers, ketones and alcohols. A number of sorbents 1) are recommended for the sampling ofthese VOCs, each sorbent having a different range of applicability. Very polar compounds will generally requirederivatization, very low boiling compounds will only be partially retained by the sorbents, depending on ambienttemperature, and can only be estimated qualitatively. Semi-volatile compounds will be fully retained by thesorbents, but may only be partially recovered. Compounds for which this part of ISO 16017 has been tested aregiven in tables. This part of ISO 16017 may be applicable to compounds not listed, but in these cases it isadvisable to use a back-up tube containing the same or a stronger sorbent.This part of ISO 16017 is applicable to the measurement of airborne vapours of VOCs in a concentration range ofapproximately 0,5 _g/ m3 to 100 mg/m3 individual compound.The upper limit of the useful range is set by the sorptive capacity of the sorbent used and by the linear dynamicrange of the gas chromatograph column and detector or by the sample-splitting capability of the analyticalinstrumentation used. The sorptive capacity is measured as a breakthrough volume of air, which determines themaximum air volume that shall not be exceeded when sampling.The lower limit of the useful range depends on the noise level of the detector and on blank levels of analyte and/orinterfering artefacts on the sorbent tubes. Artefacts are typically sub-nanogram for well-conditioned Tenax GR andcarbonaceous sorbents such as Carbopack/Carbotrap type materials, carbonized molecular sieves and molecularsieves such as Spherocarb, or pure charcoal; at low nanogram levels for Tenax TA and at 5 ng to 50 ng levels forother porous polymers such as Chromosorbs and Porapaks. Sensitivity is typically limited to 0,5 _g/m_ for 10-litreair samples with this latter group of sorbents because of their inherent high background.The procedure specified in this part of ISO 16017 is applicable to low flowrate personal sampling pumps and givesa time-weighted average result. It is not applicable to the measurement of instantaneous or short-term fluctuationsin concentration.1) The sorbents listed in annex C and elsewhere in this International Standard are those known to perform as specified underthis part of ISO 16017. Each sorbent or product that is identified by a trademarked name is unique and has a sole manufacturer;however, they are widely available from many different suppliers. This information is given for the convenience of users of thispart of ISO 16017 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used ifthey can be shown to lead to the same results.