AS 1892.2-1992

1 - AS 1892.2-1992 PORTABLE LADDERS - TIMBER
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
7 - 1.1 SCOPE
7 - 1.2 APPLICATION
7 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
7 - 1.4.1 Portable timber ladder
7 - 1.4.2 Domestic ladder
7 - 1.4.3 Industrial ladder
7 - 1.4.4 Single ladder
7 - 1.4.5 Extension ladder
8 - 1.4.6 Single-sided stepladder
8 - 1.4.7 Double-sided stepladder
8 - 1.4.8 Trestle ladder
8 - 1.4.9 Trestle-backed steps
8 - 1.4.10 Special-purpose ladder
8 - 1.4.11 Maximum working length
8 - 1.4.12 Overlap
8 - 1.4.13 Stile
8 - 1.4.14 Rungs and treads
8 - 1.4.15 Top cap
8 - 1.4.16 Step surfaces
8 - 1.4.17 Section
8 - 1.4.18 Duty rating
8 - 1.4.19 Load rating
10 - SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
10 - 2.1 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
10 - 2.2 RATINGS
10 - 2.2.1 Duty rating
10 - 2.2.2 Load rating
10 - 2.3 MATERIALS
10 - 2.3.1 General
10 - 2.3.2 Species of timber
10 - 2.3.3 Quality of timber
10 - 2.4 WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH
10 - 2.4.1 General
11 - 2.4.2 Finish
11 - 2.4.3 Fasteners
11 - 2.4.4 Fittings
11 - 2.4.5 Tolerances
11 - 2.5 STILES
11 - 2.5.1 Design
11 - 2.5.2 Manufacture
11 - 2.5.3 Joints in stiles
11 - 2.5.4 Grooving of stiles
11 - 2.5.5 Feet
12 - 2.6 TREADS AND RUNGS
12 - 2.6.1 Shape
12 - 2.6.2 Spacing
12 - 2.7 MARKING
12 - 2.7.1 All ladders
12 - 2.7.2 Double-sided stepladders
12 - 2.7.3 Wire bound ladders
12 - 2.7.4 Labels
13 - SECTION 3 PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS FOR SINGLE LADDERS (INCLUDING CLEATED LADDERS)
13 - 3.1 LENGTH
13 - 3.2 STILES
13 - 3.2.1 Distance between stiles
13 - 3.2.2 Dimensions of stiles
13 - 3.3 RUNGS AND CLEATS
13 - 3.3.1 Materials
13 - 3.3.2 Dimensions of rungs and cleats
13 - 3.3.3 Attachment of rungs and cleats to stiles
14 - 3.4 TIES AND THEIR FITTING
14 - 3.4.1 Arrangement
14 - 3.4.2 Material and fixing
15 - SECTION 4 PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTENSION LADDERS
15 - 4.1 LENGTH
15 - 4.2 STILES
15 - 4.2.1 Distance between stiles
15 - 4.2.2 Dimensions and overlap
15 - 4.3 RUNGS
15 - 4.3.1 Materials
15 - 4.3.2 Dimensions
15 - 4.3.3 Attachment of rungs to stiles
15 - 4.3.4 Ties and their fitting
15 - 4.4 FITTINGS
15 - 4.4.1 General
15 - 4.4.2 Clutch
15 - 4.4.3 Stop
15 - 4.4.4 Guide brackets
15 - 4.5 ROPE AND PULLEY
15 - 4.5.1 General
15 - 4.5.2 Load
16 - 4.5.3 Rope
16 - 4.5.4 Pulleys
16 - 4.6 WIRE REINFORCEMENT
16 - 4.6.1 General
16 - 4.6.2 Wire
16 - 4.6.3 Fixing
16 - 4.6.4 End anchorage
16 - 4.7 FIBRE-REINFORCED PLASTICS REINFORCEMENT
16 - 4.7.1 General
16 - 4.7.2 FRP rod
16 - 4.7.3 Bonding
16 - 4.7.4 Anchorage
17 - SECTION 5 PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS FOR STEPLADDERS
17 - 5.1 LENGTH
17 - 5.2 STILES AND BACKLEGS
17 - 5.2.1 Distance between stiles
17 - 5.2.2 Dimensions of stiles and back legs
17 - 5.2.3 Spread between stiles and back legs
17 - 5.2.4 Battening and bracing of back legs
18 - 5.2.5 Distance between back legs
18 - 5.3 TREADS
18 - 5.3.1 Dimensions
18 - 5.3.2 Location
18 - 5.3.3 Surface finish
18 - 5.3.4 Spacing of treads
18 - 5.3.5 Attachment of treads to stiles
18 - 5.4 BRACING OF TREADS IN INDUSTRIAL STEPLADDERS
18 - 5.5 TOP
18 - 5.6 BACK SUPPORT PLATE
18 - 5.6.1 Industrial stepladders
18 - 5.6.2 Domestic stepladders
18 - 5.7 HINGES
19 - 5.8 TIES AND THEIR FITTING IN INDUSTRIAL STEPLADDERS
19 - 5.8.1 Arrangement
19 - 5.8.2 Material and fixing
20 - SECTION 6 PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS FOR PLATFORM STEPLADDERS
20 - 6.1 LENGTH
20 - 6.2 STILES AND BACK LEGS
20 - 6.2.1 Distance between stiles
20 - 6.2.2 Dimensions of stiles and back legs
20 - 6.2.3 Spread between stiles and back legs
20 - 6.2.4 Battening and bracing of back legs
20 - 6.2.5 Distance between back legs
20 - 6.3 TREADS
20 - 6.3.1 Dimensions
21 - 6.3.2 Location
21 - 6.3.3 Surface finish
21 - 6.3.4 Bracing of treads
21 - 6.4 PLATFORM
21 - 6.5 HINGES
21 - 6.6 TIES AND THEIR FITTING
21 - 6.6.1 Arrangement
21 - 6.6.2 Materials and fixing
22 - SECTION 7 PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS FOR TRESTLE LADDERS
22 - 7.1 LENGTH
22 - 7.2 STILES
22 - 7.2.1 Distance between stiles
22 - 7.2.2 Dimensions
22 - 7.2.3 Spread between pairs of stiles
22 - 7.3 CROSS BEARERS
22 - 7.3.1 Dimensions
22 - 7.3.2 Spacing of crossbearers
22 - 7.3.3 Attachment of crossbearers to stiles
22 - 7.4 HINGES
23 - 7.5 CHECK BLOCKS
23 - 7.6 TIES AND THEIR FITTING
23 - 7.6.1 Arrangement
23 - 7.6.2 Materials and fixing
24 - SECTION 8 PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS FOR DOMESTIC EXTENSION STEPLADDERS
24 - 8.1 LENGTH
24 - 8.2 STILES
24 - 8.2.1 Distance between stiles
24 - 8.2.2 Dimensions and overlap
24 - 8.2.3 Spread between front stiles and back stiles
24 - 8.3 TREADS AND RUNGS
24 - 8.3.1 Dimensions of treads
24 - 8.3.2 Dimensions of rungs
24 - 8.3.3 Location of treads
24 - 8.3.4 Surface finish
24 - 8.3.5 Attachment of treads and rungs to stiles
24 - 8.3.6 Bracing of treads
25 - 8.4 FITTINGS
25 - 8.4.1 General
25 - 8.4.2 Stop
25 - 8.4.3 Spread between stiles
25 - 8.5 TOP
26 - SECTION 9 TIMBER LADDERS HAVING STILES OF TIMBER OTHER THAN DOUGLAS FIR
26 - 9.1 APPLICATION
26 - 9.2 MATERIALS
26 - 9.3 DIMENSIONS
26 - 9.3.1 Component spacing
26 - 9.3.2 Unreinforced stile dimensions
26 - 9.3.3 Reinforced stile dimensions
27 - APPENDIX A - METHODS OF GRADING TIMBER STILES
27 - A1 SCOPE
27 - A2 VISUAL GRADING
28 - A3 VISUAL GRADING AND PROOF DEFLECTION TESTS METHOD
28 - A3.1 General
28 - A3.2 Visual grading
28 - A3.3 Proof deflection
29 - A4 MECHANICAL STRESS GRADING
31 - APPENDIX B - EXAMPLES OF LABELS USED FOR ADDITIONAL SAFETY WARNINGS
33 - APPENDIX C - DERIVATION OF EQUATIONS FOR EXTREME FIBRE STRESS
33 - C1 GENERAL
33 - C2 EQUATIONS FOR BENDING MOMENT
33 - C2.1 Bending moment due to mass of ladder
33 - C2.2 Bending moment due to the mass of the user
33 - C2.3 Maximum bending moment
33 - C3 EQUATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE SECTION MODULUS
33 - C3.1 Stiles having circular holes for rungs
34 - C3.2 Stile having transverse grooves for treads
34 - C4 DERIVATION OF WORKING EQUATIONS
34 - C4.1 For stiles having circular holes for rungs
34 - C4.2 For stiles having transverse grooves for treads