1.1This test method describes a procedure for the determination of the concentration, generally reported as mass percent, of the metallic constituents of tungsten-based alloys and hardmetals utilizing wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). This test method incorporates the preparation of standards using reagent grade metallic oxides, lithium-borate compounds, and fusion techniques. This test method details techniques for preparing representative specimens of both powder and sintered tungsten-based material. This test method is accurate for a wide range of compositions, and can be used for acceptance of material to grade specifications.
1.2This test method is applicable to mixtures of tungsten or tungsten carbide with additions of refractory metal carbides and binder metals. Table 1 lists the most common elemental constituents and their concentration range. Note that many of these occur as metallic carbides.
TABLE 1 Elemental Constituents and Concentration Range
| Element | Concentration, Mass %
(minimum - maximum) |
| Chromium (Cr) | 0.05 - 5.0 |
| Cobalt (Co) | 0.05 - 40 |
| Hafnium (Hf) | 0.05 - 2.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | 0.05 - 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.05 - 5.0 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 0.05 - 30 |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.05 - 15 |
| Tantalum (Ta) | 0.05 - 30 |
| Titanium (Ti) | 0.05 - 30 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.05 - 2.0 |
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.