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ASTM D 2765 : 2011

Superseded
Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

View Superseded by
superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Gel Content and Swell Ratio of Crosslinked Ethylene Plastics
Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Superseded date

22-02-2024

Language(s)

English

Published date

01-04-2006

1.1 The gel content (insoluble fraction) produced in ethylene plastics by crosslinking is determined by extracting with solvents such as decahydronaphthalene or xylenes. The methods described herein are applicable to crosslinked ethylene plastics of all densities, including those containing fillers, and all provide corrections for the inert fillers present in some of those compounds.

1.2 Test Method A, which permits most complete extraction in least time, is to be used for referee tests, but two alternative nonreferee Test Methods B and C are also described. Test Method B differs from the referee test method only in sample preparation; that is, it requires use of shavings taken at selected points in cable insulation, for example, rather than the ground sample required by the referee test method. Because the shaved particles are larger, less total surface per sample is exposed to the extractant, so this test method ordinarily yields extraction values about 1 to 2 % lower than the referee method. Test Method C requires that a specimen in one piece be extracted in xylenes at a constant temperature of 110°C. At this temperature and with a one-piece specimen, even less extraction occurs (from 3 to 9 % less than the referee test method), this method permits swell ratio (a measure of the degree of crosslinking in the gel phase) be determined.

1.3 Extraction tests are made on articles of any shape. They have been particularly useful for electrical insulations since specimens may be selected from those portions of the insulation most susceptible to insufficient crosslinking.

1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in brackets are for information only.

Note 1—Method B of this test method is equivalent to ISO 10147.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Sections 6, 10, and 25.

15.1 This modification of the referee test method was developed particularly for wire and cable insulations and differs from the referee test method only in specimen preparation.

15.2 In using this alternative test method, it is recognized that the values obtained at times, are lower than those obtained by referee Test Method A for the reason given in 1.2.

20.1 Degree of crosslinking is determined by measuring the swell and extraction occurring in a solvent that attaches that portion of the polymer which is not crosslinked. Both measurements are obtained in one test. The degree of crosslinking is not expressed as a percent of total crosslinkability or similar expression, but is judged from swell ratio and percent extract based on experience with the particular polymer-solvent system under consideration.

20.2 This test method is applicable to crosslinked ethylene plastics of any density and including those containing fillers, provided that the fillers are insoluble in the extractant.

20.3 In using this alternative test method, it is recognized that the extraction values obtained will be lower than those obtained by either Test Method A or Test Method B for the reasons given in 1.2. However, this test method permits swell ratio to be determined.

Committee
D 20
DocumentType
Test Method
Pages
8
PublisherName
American Society for Testing and Materials
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes

ASTM F 2818 : 2010 : R2014 : EDT 1 Standard Specification for Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Material Gas Pressure Pipe and Tubing
ASTM F 1960 : 2018 : REV A Standard Specification for Cold Expansion Fittings with PEX Reinforcing Rings for Use with Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) and Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PE-RT) Tubing
ASTM F 2905/F2905M : 2013 Standard Specification for Black Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Line Pipe, Fittings and Joints For Oil and Gas Producing Applications
ASTM F 2854 : 2010 : R2016 Standard Specification for Push-Fit Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Mechanical Fittings for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing
ASTM F 2214 : 2016 Standard Test Method for <emph type="bdit">In Situ</emph> Determination of Network Parameters of Crosslinked Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
ASTM F 2565 : 2013 Standard Guide for Extensively Irradiation-Crosslinked Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fabricated Forms for Surgical Implant Applications
ASTM D 2647 : 2018 Standard Specification for Crosslinkable Ethylene Plastics
ASTM D 2656 : 2013 Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulation for Wire and Cable Rated 2001 to 35 000 V
ASTM F 2759 : 2011 Standard Guide for Assessment of the Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Used in Orthopedic and Spinal Devices
ASTM D 2655 : 2019 Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulation for Wire and Cable Rated 0 to 2000 V, 90°C Operation
ASTM F 2788/F2788M : 2019 Standard Specification for Metric and Inch-sized Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe
ASTM F 1281 : 2017 Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene/Aluminum/Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) Pressure Pipe
ASTM D 3555 : 2007 : R2018 Standard Specification for Track-Resistant Black Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulation for Wire and Cable, 90 °C Operation
ASTM F 3203 : 2018 Standard Test Method for Determination of Gel Content of Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipes and Tubing
ASTM F 2968/F2968M : 2014 : REV A Standard Specification for Black Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe, Fittings and Joints For Gas Distribution Applications
ASTM F 1986 : 2001 : R2011 Standard Specification for Multilayer Pipe Type 2, Compression Fittings, and Compression Joints for Hot and Cold Drinking-Water Systems (Withdrawn 2020)
ASTM F 2805 : 2016 Standard Specification for Multilayer Thermoplastic And Flexible Steel Pipe And Connections
ASTM F 2929 : 2017 Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing of 0.070 in. Wall and Fittings for Radiant Heating Systems up to 75 psig

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