Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Language(s)

English

Published date

13-04-2021

Publisher

American Society for Testing and Materials

1.1This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:

1.1.1Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.

1.1.2Grades B6–B20 S5000, B6–B20 S500, and B6–B20 S15 are middle distillate fuel/biodiesel blends for use in domestic and small industrial burners.

1.1.3Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 are heavy distillate fuels or middle distillate/residual fuel blends used in commercial/industrial burners equipped for this viscosity range.

1.1.4Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.

Note 1:For information on the significance of the terminology and test methods used in this specification, see Appendix X1.

Note 2:A more detailed description of the grades of fuel oils is given in X1.3.

1.2This specification is for the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications to be included in contracts for purchases of fuel oils and for the guidance of consumers of fuel oils in the selection of the grades most suitable for their needs.

1.3Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.

1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.

1.4.1Non-SI units are provided in Table 1 and Table 2 and in 7.1.2.1/7.1.2.2 because these are common units used in the industry.

Note 3:The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate burner fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.

1.5This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Committee	D 02
DocumentType	Standard
Pages	13
PublisherName	American Society for Testing and Materials
Status	Current
Supersedes	ASTM D 396 : 2020

ASTM D 7687 : 2017	Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cellular Adenosine Triphosphate in Fuel and Fuel-associated Water With Sample Concentration by Filtration
ASTM D 2274 : 2014 : R2019	Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
ASTM D 7112 : 2019	Standard Test Method for Determining Stability and Compatibility of Heavy Fuel Oils and Crude Oils by Heavy Fuel Oil Stability Analyzer (Optical Detection)
ASTM D 4868 : 2017	Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net and Gross Heat of Combustion of Hydrocarbon Burner and Diesel Fuels
ASTM D 8166 : 2021 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particulates in Middle Distillate Fuels and Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20) Using Continuous Flow and Bottle Sampler Automatic Particle Condition Monitors
ASTM D 543 : 2020	Standard Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
ASTM D 7451 : 2020	Standard Test Method for Water Separation Properties of Light and Middle Distillate, and Compression and Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
ASTM D 2517 : 2018	Standard Specification for Reinforced Epoxy Resin Gas Pressure Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 8274 : 2020 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil by Portable Rapid Mid-Infrared Analyzer
ASTM D 2880 : 2020	Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
ASTM D 7827 : 2019	Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene from Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Device
ASTM D 6756 : 2017	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Red Dye Concentration and Estimation of the ASTM Color of Diesel Fuel and Heating Oil Using a Portable Visible Spectrophotometer
ASTM D 7544 : 2012 : R2017	Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel
ASTM D 7463 : 2018	Standard Test Method for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Content of Microorganisms in Fuel, Fuel/Water Mixtures, and Fuel Associated Water
ASTM D 6021 : 2012 : R2017	Standard Test Method for Measurement of Total Hydrogen Sulfide in Residual Fuels by Multiple Headspace Extraction and Sulfur Specific Detection
ASTM D 8070 : 2020	Standard Test Method for Screening of Fuels and Fuel Associated Aqueous Specimens for Microbial Contamination by Lateral Flow Immunoassay
ASTM D 7545 : 2014 : R2019 : EDT 1	Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
ASTM D 7157 : 2018	Standard Test Method for Determination of Intrinsic Stability of Asphaltene-Containing Residues, Heavy Fuel Oils, and Crude Oils (<emph type="ital">n</emph >-Heptane Phase Separation; Optical Detection)
ASTM D 2709 : 2016	Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
ASTM D 7619 : 2017	Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter
ASTM D 6748 : 2002 : REV A : R2017	Standard Test Method for Determination of Potential Instability of Middle Distillate Fuels Caused by the Presence of Phenalenes and Phenalenones (Rapid Method by Portable Spectrophotometer)
ASTM C 1125 : 1989 : R2015	Standard Test Method for Penetration Index of Asbestos (Withdrawn 2021)
ASTM D 445 : 2019 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ASTM D 7060 : 2020	Standard Test Method for Determination of the Maximum Flocculation Ratio and Peptizing Power in Residual and Heavy Fuel Oils (Optical Detection Method)
ASTM D 7464 : 2020	Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Liquid Fuels, Associated Materials and Fuel System Components for Microbiological Testing
ASTM D 6823 : 2008 : R2013	Standard Specification for Commercial Boiler Fuels With Used Lubricating Oils
ASTM D 7548 : 2016 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Determination of Accelerated Iron Corrosion in Petroleum Products
ASTM D 8181 : 2019	Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
ASTM D 7061 : 2019 : EDT 1	Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device
ASTM D 2068 : 2020	Standard Test Method for Determining Filter Blocking Tendency
ASTM D 7621 : 2016	Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide in Fuel Oils by Rapid Liquid Phase Extraction
ASTM D 6217 : 2018	Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration
ASTM D 4865 : 2019	Standard Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
ASTM E 1259 : 2018	Standard Practice for Evaluation of Antimicrobials in Liquid Fuels Boiling Below 390 °C
ASTM D 97 : 2017 : REV B	Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
ASTM D 5705 : 2020	Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Vapor Phase Above Residual Fuel Oils
ASTM D 6468 : 2008 : R2019	Standard Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels
ASTM D 6258 : 2017	Standard Test Method for Determination of Solvent Red 164 Dye Concentration in Diesel Fuels
ASTM D 130 : 2019	Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
ASTM D 6469 : 2020	Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
ASTM D 4625 : 2016 : EDT 1	Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
ASTM D 6426 : 2018	Standard Test Method for Determining Filterability of Middle Distillate Fuel Oils
ASTM D 7042 : 2021	Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
ASTM D 6448 : 2016	Standard Specification for Industrial Burner Fuels from Used Lubricating Oils
ASTM D 7095 : 2017	Standard Test Method for Rapid Determination of Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products Using a Disposable Copper Foil Strip

ASTM D 4057 : 2019	Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
ASTM D 129 : 2018	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method) (Withdrawn 2023)
ASTM D 4865 : 2023	Standard Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
ASTM D 7345 : 2023	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)
ASTM D 7220 : 2012 : R2017	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM E 29 : 2013 : R2019	Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
ASTM D 86 : 2023	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 664 : 2017 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
ASTM D 7371 : 2014	Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
ASTM D 7371 : 2014 : R2022	Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
ASTM D 975 : 2022	Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM D 86 : 2023 : REV A : EDT 1	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 86 : 2020 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 482 : 2013	Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
ASTM D 4052 : 2018 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
ASTM D 1298 : 2012 : REV B : R2017 : EDT 1	Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
ASTM D 7945 : 2021	Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Constant Pressure Viscometer
ASTM D 473 : 2007 : R2017 : EDT 1	Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
ASTM D 3828 : 2016 : REV A : R2021	Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
ASTM D 7345 : 2017	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)
ASTM D 86 : 2018	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 7094 : 2017 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester
ASTM D 473 : 2022	Standard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method
ASTM D 5842 : 2019	Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
ASTM D 1298 : 2012 : REV B : R2017	Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
ASTM D 4308 : 2013	Standard Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter
ASTM D 5854 : 2019	Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
ASTM D 2624 : 2021	Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
ASTM D 445 : 2021 : EDT 2	Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ASTM D 975 : 2021	Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM D 93 : 2019	Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
ASTM D 975 : 2023 : REV A	Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM D 445 : 2017 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ASTM D 86 : 2019	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 2624 : 2021 : REV A	Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
ASTM D 6079 : 2018	Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)
ASTM D 2887 : 2022 : EDT 1	Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
ASTM D 86 : 2012	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 975 : 2020 : REV C	Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM D 1552 : 2023	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)
ASTM D 95 : 2013 : R2018	Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
ASTM D 2887 : 2022	Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
ASTM D 56 : 2021 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
ASTM D 3828 : 2016 : REV A	Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
ASTM D 7346 : 2015 : R2021	Standard Test Method for No Flow Point and Pour Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
ASTM D 5949 : 2016 : R2022	Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
ASTM D 86 : 2020 : REV B	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 56 : 2016 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
ASTM D 1552 : 2016 : EDT 1	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)
ASTM D 2887 : 2023	Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
ASTM D 5949 : 2016	Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
ASTM D 86 : 2016 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 445 : 2019 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ASTM D 4177 : 2022	Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
ASTM D 6751 : 2023 : REV A	Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
ASTM D 97 : 2017 : REV B	Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
ASTM D 6751 : 2020 : REV A	Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
ASTM D 2500 : 2017 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
ASTM D 4294 : 2016 : EDT 1	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D 5453 : 2016 : EDT 1	Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
ASTM D 7220 : 2022	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D 445 : 2019	Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ASTM D 56 : 2021	Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
ASTM D 2709 : 2022	Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
ASTM D 130 : 2018	Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
ASTM D 86 : 2023 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 975 : 2022 : REV A	Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM D 4294 : 2021	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D 7094 : 2023	Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester
ASTM D 2622 : 2021	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D 97 : 2017 : REV B : R2022	Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
ASTM D 664 : 2011 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
ASTM D 6751 : 2023	Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
ASTM D 445 : 2024	Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ASTM D 445 : 2021	Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ASTM D 86 : 2020	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 4057 : 2022	Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
ASTM D 524 : 2015	Standard Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
ASTM D 975 : 2023	Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM D 56 : 2022	Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
ASTM D 7945 : 2021 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Constant Pressure Viscometer
ASTM D 5842 : 2023	Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
ASTM D 4052 : 2022	Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
ASTM D 7042 : 2021 : REV A	Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
ASTM D 4306 : 2020	Standard Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
ASTM D 4177 : 2020	Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
ASTM D 5453 : 2019	Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
ASTM D 445 : 2018	Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ASTM D 86 : 2015	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 5842 : 2017	Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
ASTM D 4308 : 2021	Standard Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter
ASTM D 2500 : 2023	Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
ASTM D 6749 : 2024	Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)
ASTM D 445 : 2021 : EDT 1	Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ASTM D 4177 : 2022 : EDT 1	Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
ASTM D 1552 : 2016 : R2021	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)
ASTM D 7346 : 2015	Standard Test Method for No Flow Point and Pour Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels
ASTM D 7945 : 2023	Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Constant Pressure Viscometer
ASTM D 6749 : 2002 : R2018	Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Air Pressure Method)
ASTM D 2624 : 2015	Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
ASTM D 2887 : 2019 : REV A : EDT 2	Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
ASTM D 86 : 2017	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
ASTM D 95 : 2023	Standard Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
ASTM D 6079 : 2022	Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)
ASTM D 2624 : 2022	Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels
ASTM D 445 : 2023	Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
ASTM D 130 : 2012	Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
ASTM D 2622 : 2016	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
ASTM D 93 : 2018	Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
ASTM E 29 : 2022	Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications