Personnel
Foreword
List of Figures
1. Scope
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Units of Measure
2. Normative References
3. Terms and Definitions
4. Preparations for Welding
4.1 Cleanliness
4.2 Purging
4.3 Purge Gas Containment
5. Purging Prior to Welding
5.1 Step 1
5.2 Step 2
5.3 Purge Time Estimates
5.4 Recommended Residual Oxygen Levels
6. Purging During Welding
6.1 Flow Rate Reduction
6.2 Flow Rates for Open-Root Welds and for Joints
with Consumable Inserts
6.3 Purge Maintenance for Subsequent Weld Layers
7. Tack Welding
7.1 Preparation and Spacing
7.2 Inspection, Removal of Discrepancies, and Cleaning
8. Welding Using GTAW Without Consumable Inserts
8.1 General
8.2 Tungsten Electrode Type and Configuration
8.3 Joint Design
8.4 Purge Containment
8.5 Arc Initiation
8.6 Welding Technique-Open Root Groove
8.7 Welding Technique-Groove with Zero
Root Opening
8.8 Welding Pipe in Various Positions
8.9 Stop and Start Areas
9. Welding Using GTAW with Consumable Inserts
9.1 Description and Specifications of Consumable
Inserts
9.2 Welding Techniques for Consumable Inserts
9.3 Pipe Axis Horizontal
10. GTAW of Stainless Steels with Flux Cored Filler
Metals and Backing Fluxes
10.1 Flux Cored Filler Metals
10.2 Backing Fluxes
10.3 Limitations
11. Welding Carbon and Low Alloy Steels with SMAW
and GMAW
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) with
Cellulosic Covered Electrodes
11.3 Low Hydrogen (Basic) SMAW for Open Gap
Root Pass Welding
11.4 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) with
Rutile Covered Electrodes
11.5 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
12. Intermediate Weld Layers
12.1 Inspection and Purging
12.2 Processes and Limitations
13. Welding of Aluminum Alloys
13.1 Characteristics of Aluminum that Affect
Welding Techniques
13.2 Welding Techniques
14. Welding Equipment
14.1 GTAW Torches
14.2 Gas Nozzles
14.3 Gas Lenses
14.4 Power Supplies
14.5 Machine and Automatic Welding Equipment
Annex A (Informative) - Guidelines for the Preparation of
Technical Inquiries
List of AWS Documents on Piping and Tubing