• There are no items in your cart
We noticed you’re not on the correct regional site. Switch to our AMERICAS site for the best experience.
Dismiss alert

EN 12440:2017

Current
Current

The latest, up-to-date edition.

Natural stone - Denomination criteria
Published date

01-11-2017

This European Standard establishes the criteria for the designation of natural stone from raw material to finished products.

DevelopmentNote
Supersedes PREN 12440. (11/2017)
DocumentType
Standard
PublisherName
Comite Europeen de Normalisation
Status
Current
Supersedes

Standards Relationship
NBN EN 12440 : 2008 Identical
SN EN 12440 : 2008 Identical
NEN EN 12440 : 2017 Identical
NS EN 12440 : 2017 Identical
UNE-EN 12440:2019 Identical
DIN EN 12440:2018-01 Identical
DIN EN 12440:2016-09 (Draft) Identical
BS EN 12440:2008 Identical
UNI EN 12440 : 2008 Identical
ONORM EN 12440 : 2018 Identical
I.S. EN 12440:2008 Identical
NF EN 12440 : 2017 Identical
UNE-EN 12440:2008 Identical
PN EN 12440 : 2017 Identical
I.S. EN 12440:2017 Identical
BS EN 12440:2017 Identical

DIN EN 15802:2010-04 Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of static contact angle
DIN EN 15802 E : 2010 CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF STATIC CONTACT ANGLE
I.S. EN 14617-15:2005 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 15: DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
08/30177225 DC : DRAFT APR 2008 BS EN 15802 - CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - MEASUREMENT OF STATIC CONTACT ANGLE
09/30202067 DC : 0 EN 1342 - SETTS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
12/30254424 DC : DRAFT JAN 2012 BS EN 12058 - NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - SLABS FOR FLOORS AND STAIRS - REQUIREMENTS
08/30163224 DC : DRAFT SEP 2008 BS EN 12371 - NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF FROST RESISTANCE
08/30177222 DC : DRAFT APR 2008 BS EN 15801 - CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION BY CAPILLARITY
BS EN 12059 : 2008 NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - DIMENSIONAL STONE WORK - REQUIREMENTS
UNI EN 15803 : 2010 CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF WATER VAPOUR PERMEABILITY (DELTA [P])
08/30177228 DC : DRAFT APR 2008 BS EN 15803 - CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF WATER VAPOUR PERMEABILITY [DELTA]
PREN 1343 : DRAFT 2009 KERBS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
S.R. CEN/TR 17024:2017 NATURAL STONES - GUIDANCE FOR USE OF NATURAL STONES
UNI EN 15802 : 2010 CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF STATIC CONTACT ANGLE
16/30342861 DC : 0 BS EN 12407 - NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
DIN EN 771-6:2015-11 SPECIFICATION FOR MASONRY UNITS - PART 6: NATURAL STONE MASONRY UNITS
DIN EN 1468:2012-06 Natural stone - Rough slabs - Requirements
DIN EN 1469:2015-05 NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - SLABS FOR CLADDING - REQUIREMENTS
DIN EN 12372:2007-02 Natural stone test methods - Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load
BS EN 1468:2012 Natural stone. Rough slabs. Requirements
BS EN 13364:2002 Natural stone test methods. Determination of the breaking load at dowel hole
BS EN 13755:2008 Natural stone test methods. Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure
UNE-EN 14617-4:2012 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 4: Determination of the abrasion resistance
UNE-EN 1342:2013 Setts of natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods
BS EN 13919:2002 Natural stone test methods. Determination of resistance to ageing by SO<sub>2</sub> action in the presence of humidity
I.S. EN 14617-13:2013 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 13: DETERMINATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
EN 12670:2001 NATURAL STONE - TERMINOLOGY
EN 12407:2007 Natural stone test methods - Petrographic examination
CEN/TR 17024:2017 Natural stones - Guidance for use of natural stones
EN 12371:2010 Natural stone test methods - Determination of frost resistance
BS EN 1342:2012 Setts of natural stone for external paving. Requirements and test methods
EN 12057:2015 Natural stone products - Modular tiles - Requirements
EN 1343:2012 Kerbs of natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods
DIN EN 14617-15:2005-06 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 15: DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
DIN EN 14617-11:2005-06 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 11: Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient
EN 1341:2012 Slabs of natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods
EN 12372:2006 Natural stone test methods - Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load
EN 12059:2008+A1:2011 Natural stone products - Dimensional stone work - Requirements
I.S. EN 15801:2009 CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION BY CAPILLARITY
12/30254418 DC : DRAFT JAN 2012 BS EN 1469 - NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - SLABS FOR CLADDING - REQUIREMENTS
12/30254421 DC : DRAFT JAN 2012 BS EN 12057 - NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - MODULAR TILES - REQUIREMENTS
DIN EN 12059:2012-03 NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - DIMENSIONAL STONE WORK - REQUIREMENTS
PREN 771-6 : DRAFT 2010 SPECIFICATION FOR MASONRY UNITS - PART 6: NATURAL STONE MASONRY UNITS
UNI EN 16140 : 2011 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF SENSITIVITY TO CHANGES IN APPEARANCE PRODUCED BY THERMAL CYCLES
DIN EN 12371:2010-07 Natural stone test methods - Determination of frost resistance
DIN EN 1343:2013-03 Kerbs of natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods
DIN EN 12058:2015-05 NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - SLABS FOR FLOORS AND STAIRS - REQUIREMENTS
DIN EN 12057:2015-05 NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - MODULAR TILES - REQUIREMENTS
UNE-EN 1467:2012 Natural stone - Rough blocks - Requirements
UNE-EN 14617-6:2012 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 6: Determination of thermal shock resistance
BS EN 12057:2015 Natural stone products. Modular tiles. Requirements
I.S. EN 1468:2012 NATURAL STONE - ROUGH SLABS - REQUIREMENTS
I.S. EN 1467:2012 NATURAL STONE - ROUGH BLOCKS - REQUIREMENTS
I.S. EN 14617-5:2012 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 5: DETERMINATION OF FREEZE AND THAW RESISTANCE
I.S. EN 771-6:2011 SPECIFICATION FOR MASONRY UNITS - PART 6: NATURAL STONE MASONRY UNITS
I.S. EN 1343:2012 KERBS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
I.S. EN 12058:2015 NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - SLABS FOR FLOORS AND STAIRS - REQUIREMENTS
I.S. EN 12057:2015 NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - MODULAR TILES - REQUIREMENTS
I.S. EN 1936:2006 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF REAL DENSITY AND APPARENT DENSITY, AND OF TOTAL AND OPEN POROSITY
I.S. EN 12372:2006 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH UNDER CONCENTRATED LOAD
I.S. EN 14617-6:2012 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 6: DETERMINATION OF THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE
I.S. EN 12371:2010 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF FROST RESISTANCE
I.S. EN 13919:2003 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO AGEING BY SO[2] ACTION IN THE PRESENCE OF HUMIDITY
I.S. EN 1341:2012 SLABS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
I.S. EN 14617-4:2012 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 4: DETERMINATION OF THE ABRASION RESISTANCE
I.S. EN 1342:2012 SETTS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
I.S. EN 13161:2008 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH UNDER CONSTANT MOMENT
I.S. EN 13755:2008 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
I.S. EN 14617-1:2013 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 1: DETERMINATION OF APPARENT DENSITY AND WATER ABSORPTION
I.S. EN 1926:2006 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
I.S. EN 1469:2015 NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - SLABS FOR CLADDING - REQUIREMENTS
BS EN 15803:2009 Conservation of cultural property. Test methods. Determination of water vapour permeability (δ<sub>p</sub>)
10/30203906 DC : 0 BS EN 771-6 - SPECIFICATION FOR MASONRY UNITS - PART 6: NATURAL STONE MASONRY UNITS
DIN EN 15803 E : 2010 CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF WATER VAPOUR PERMEABILITY (DELTA[P])
BS EN 15801:2009 Conservation of cultural property. Test methods. Determination of water absorption by capillarity
06/30153245 DC : DRAFT JULY 2006 EN 12059 - NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - DIMENS - NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - DIMENSIONAL STONE WORK-REQUIREMENTS
PD CEN/TR 17024:2017 Natural stones. Guidance for use of natural stones
UNI EN 15801 : 2010 CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION BY CAPILLARITY
I.S. EN 15803:2009 CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF WATER VAPOUR PERMEABILITY (DELTA P)
I.S. EN 16140:2011 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF SENSITIVITY TO CHANGES IN APPEARANCE PRODUCED BY THERMAL CYCLES
EN 16140:2011 Natural stone test methods - Determination of sensitivity to changes in appearance produced by thermal cycles
I.S. EN 12670:2002 NATURAL STONE - TERMINOLOGY
DIN EN 1936:2007-02 Natural stone test methods - Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity
DIN EN 1467:2012-06 Natural stone - Rough blocks - Requirements
DIN EN 13161:2008-08 Natural stone test methods - Determination of flexural strength under constant moment
DIN EN 12407:2016-09 (Draft) NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
DIN EN 1926:2007-03 Natural stone test methods - Determination of uniaxial compressive strength
DIN EN 1341:2013-03 SLABS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
DIN EN 1342:2013-03 SETTS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
DIN EN 14617-6:2012-06 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 6: Determination of thermal shock resistance
DIN EN 14617-15 E : 2005 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 15: DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
DIN EN 14617-4:2012-06 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 4: Determination of the abrasion resistance
DIN EN 14617-1:2013-08 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 1: DETERMINATION OF APPARENT DENSITY AND WATER ABSORPTION
DIN EN 14617-5:2012-06 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 5: Determination of freeze and thaw resistance
BS EN 1343:2012 Kerbs of natural stone for external paving. Requirements and test methods
UNE-EN 1469:2015 Natural stone products - Slabs for cladding - Requirements
UNE-EN 14617-5:2012 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 5: Determination of freeze and thaw resistance
UNE-EN 1468:2012 Natural stone - Rough slabs - Requirements
UNE-EN 771-6:2012 Specification for masonry units - Part 6: Natural stone masonry units
EN 13755:2008 Natural stone test methods - Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure
EN 771-6:2011+A1:2015 Specification for masonry units - Part 6: Natural stone masonry units
EN 15801:2009 Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of water absorption by capillarity
UNI EN 14617-4 : 2012 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 4: DETERMINATION OF THE ABRASION RESISTANCE
UNI EN 14617-13 : 2013 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 13: DETERMINATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
UNI EN 14617-6 : 2012 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 6: DETERMINATION OF THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE
UNI EN 13161 : 2008 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH UNDER CONSTANT MOMENT
UNI EN 13755 : 2008 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
UNI EN 14617-1 : 2013 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 1: DETERMINATION OF APPARENT DENSITY AND WATER ABSORPTION
UNI EN 1467 : 2012 NATURAL STONE - ROUGH BLOCKS - REQUIREMENTS
UNI EN 1342 : 2013 SETTS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
UNI EN 1341 : 2013 SLABS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
UNI EN 1343 : 2013 KERBS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
UNI EN 1468 : 2012 NATURAL STONE - ROUGH SLABS - REQUIREMENTS
UNI EN 14617-5 : 2012 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 5: DETERMINATION OF FREEZE AND THAW RESISTANCE
UNI EN 12371 : 2010 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF FROST RESISTANCE
DIN EN 15801:2010-04 Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of water absorption by capillarity
I.S. EN 14147:2003 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO AGEING BY SALT MIST
09/30185900 DC : 0 BS EN 1343 - KERBS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
DIN EN 15803:2010-04 Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of water vapour permeability (<delta><(Index)p>)
PREN 1341 : DRAFT 2009 SLABS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
I.S. EN 15802:2009 CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF STATIC CONTACT ANGLE
16/30344408 DC : 0 BS EN 12670 - NATURAL STONE - TERMINOLOGY
I.S. EN 12059:2008 NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - DIMENSIONAL STONE WORK - REQUIREMENTS
PREN 12407 : DRAFT 2016 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
PREN 12670 : DRAFT 2016 NATURAL STONE - TERMINOLOGY
I.S. EN 12407:2007 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - PETROGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
DIN EN 14617-13 E : 2013 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 13: DETERMINATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
DIN EN 14617-11 E : 2005 AGGLOMERATED STONE - TEST METHODS - PART 11: DETERMINATION OF LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT
UNE-EN 14617-1:2013 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 1: Determination of apparent density and water absorption
BS EN 14617-4:2012 Agglomerated stone. Test methods Determination of the abrasion resistance
BS EN 12058:2015 Natural stone products. Slabs for floors and stairs. Requirements
BS EN 771-6 : 2011 SPECIFICATION FOR MASONRY UNITS - PART 6: NATURAL STONE MASONRY UNITS
BS EN 1926:2006 Natural stone test methods. Determination of uniaxial compressive strength
BS EN 14617-5:2012 Agglomerated stone. Test methods Determination of freeze and thaw resistance
UNE-EN 12059:2008 Natural stone products - Dimensional stone work - Requirements
BS EN 14617-9:2005 Agglomerated stone. Test methods Determination of impact resistance
BS EN 12670:2002 Natural stone. Terminology
BS EN 14617-11:2005 Agglomerated stone. Test methods Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient
UNE-EN 12058:2015 Natural stone products - Slabs for floors and stairs - Requirements
BS EN 12371:2010 Natural stone test methods. Determination of frost resistance
UNE-EN 1343:2013 Kerbs of natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods
BS EN 1936:2006 Natural stone test methods. Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity
UNE-EN 1341:2013 Slabs of natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods
UNE-EN 14617-13:2013 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 13: Determination of electrical resistivity
UNE-EN 12057:2015 Natural stone products - Modular tiles - Requirements
BS EN 14617-6:2012 Agglomerated stone. Test methods Determination of thermal shock resistance
EN 1936:2006 Natural stone test methods - Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity
EN 1469:2015 Natural stone products - Slabs for cladding - Requirements
EN 14617-5:2012 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 5: Determination of freeze and thaw resistance
EN 1926:2006 Natural stone test methods - Determination of uniaxial compressive strength
EN 1467:2012 Natural stone - Rough blocks - Requirements
EN 14617-6:2012 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 6: Determination of thermal shock resistance
EN 15803:2009 Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of water vapour permeability (δp)
EN 1468:2012 Natural stone - Rough slabs - Requirements
EN 14617-15:2005 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 15: Determination of compressive strength
EN 15802:2009 Conservation of cultural property - Test methods - Determination of static contact angle
EN 14147 : 2003 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO AGEING BY SALT MIST
EN 14617-13:2013 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 13: Determination of electrical resistivity
EN 13919:2002 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO AGEING BY SO[2] ACTION IN THE PRESENCE OF HUMIDITY
EN 14617-11:2005 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 11: Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient
EN 14617-4:2012 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 4: Determination of the abrasion resistance
EN 14617-1:2013 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 1: Determination of apparent density and water absorption
EN 14617-9:2005 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 9: Determination of impact resistance
09/30185897 DC : 0 BS EN 1341 - SLABS OF NATURAL STONE FOR EXTERNAL PAVING - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
BS EN 15802:2009 Conservation of cultural property. Test methods. Determination of static contact angle
BS EN 16140:2011 Natural stone test methods. Determination of sensitivity to changes in appearance produced by thermal cycles
DIN EN 15801 E : 2010 CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY - TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION BY CAPILLARITY
UNI EN 12059 : 2012 NATURAL STONE PRODUCTS - DIMENSIONAL STONE WORK - REQUIREMENTS
UNE-EN 16140:2011 Natural stone test methods - Determination of sensitivity to changes in appearance produced by thermal cycles
DIN EN 14617-9:2005-06 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 9: Determination of impact resistance
BS EN 14617-13:2013 Agglomerated stone. Test methods Determination of electrical resistivity
BS EN 12407:2007 Natural stone test methods. Petrographic examination
BS EN 1469:2015 Natural stone products. Slabs for cladding. Requirements
BS EN 1467:2012 Natural stone – Rough blocks – Requirements
BS EN 14147:2003 Natural stone test methods. Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist
BS EN 1341:2012 Slabs of natural stone for external paving. Requirements and test methods
BS EN 14617-15:2005 Agglomerated stone. Test methods Determination of compressive strength
BS EN 14617-1:2013 Agglomerated stone. Test methods Determination of apparent density and water absorption
BS EN 13161:2008 Natural stone test methods. Determination of flexural strength under constant moment
BS EN 12372:2006 Natural stone test methods. Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load
EN 12058:2015 Natural stone products - Slabs for floors and stairs - Requirements
EN 13161:2008 Natural stone test methods - Determination of flexural strength under constant moment
DIN EN 13919:2003-03 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO AGEING BY SO[2] ACTION IN THE PRESENCE OF HUMIDITY
EN 13364:2001 Natural stone test methods - Determination of the breaking load at dowel hole
DIN EN 13755:2008-08 Natural stone test methods - Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure
EN 1342:2012 Setts of natural stone for external paving - Requirements and test methods
DIN EN 14617-13:2013-06 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Part 13: Determination of electrical resistivity
DIN EN 16140:2011-06 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF SENSITIVITY TO CHANGES INTRODUCTION APPEARANCE PRODUCED BY THERMAL CYCLES
DIN EN 14147:2004-02 NATURAL STONE TEST METHODS - DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO AGEING BY SALT MIST

EN 1469:2015 Natural stone products - Slabs for cladding - Requirements
EN 12407:2007 Natural stone test methods - Petrographic examination
EN 12670:2001 NATURAL STONE - TERMINOLOGY

View more information
Sorry this product is not available in your region.

Access your standards online with a subscription

Features

  • Simple online access to standards, technical information and regulations.

  • Critical updates of standards and customisable alerts and notifications.

  • Multi-user online standards collection: secure, flexible and cost effective.