1 - AS 1038.24-1998 COAL AND COKE - ANALYSIS AND TESTING - GUIDE TO THE EVALUATION OF MEASUREMENTS MADE BY ON-LINE COAL ANALYSER
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - FOREWORD
7 - 1 SCOPE
7 - 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 3 DEFINITIONS
7 - 3.1 Absolute dynamic precision
7 - 3.2 Accuracy
8 - 3.3 Bias
8 - 3.4 By-line type installation
8 - 3.5 Comparative test method
8 - 3.6 Comparison period
8 - 3.7 Interrogation process
8 - 3.8 Interrogation volume
8 - 3.9 Interrogation zone
8 - 3.10 Measurand
8 - 3.11 On-belt type installation
8 - 3.12 On-line analyser
8 - 3.13 Precision
8 - 3.14 Reference test method
8 - 3.15 Reference value
8 - 3.16 Relative dynamic precision
8 - 3.17 Static precision
8 - 4 SAFETY
9 - 5 ANALYSER INSTALLATIONS
9 - 5.1 General
9 - 5.2 Methods of analysis
9 - 5.3 Installation configurations
11 - 6 EVALUATION PROCEDURES
11 - 6.1 Introduction
12 - 6.2 Steps in evaluation
14 - 7 EVALUATION OF INSTRUMENT STABILITY
14 - 7.1 Introduction
14 - 7.2 Initial stability measurement
15 - 7.3 Subsequent stability measurement
15 - 8 EVALUATION OF CALIBRATION
15 - 8.1 Introduction
16 - 8.2 Two-way comparative test
16 - 8.3 Calibration maintenance using reference material
17 - 9 EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE
17 - 9.1 Introduction
17 - 9.2 Relative dynamic precision
18 - 9.3 Absolute dynamic precision
19 - 10 APPLICATION TO SPECIFIC SITUATIONS
21 - APPENDIX A - REFERENCES
22 - APPENDIX B - EXAMPLE BLOCK DIAGRAMS OF SYSTEMS
22 - B1 ON-BELT TYPE
23 - B2 BY-LINE TYPE
24 - APPENDIX C - SOURCES OF MEASUREMENT VARIATION
24 - C1 ERRORS ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE REFERENCE METHOD
24 - C1.1 General
24 - C1.2 Sampling
25 - C1.3 Manual sampling
25 - C1.4 Calibration sampling
27 - C1.5 Sample preparation
27 - C1.6 Testing
28 - C2 ERRORS ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE ANALYSER
28 - C2.1 General
28 - C2.2 Instrumental characteristics
28 - C2.3 Presentation
28 - C2.4 Calibration
28 - C2.5 Mechanical sampling and preparation
31 - APPENDIX D - COMPARATIVE TEST METHODS
31 - D1 REFERENCE METHOD
31 - D2 ROOT MEAN SQUARE DEVIATION (RMSD)
31 - D2.1 General
31 - D2.2 Procedure
31 - D3 THREE-WAY COMPARATIVE TEST
31 - D3.1 General
32 - D3.2 Procedure
33 - D4 THE GRUBBS ESTIMATOR
36 - APPENDIX E - STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
36 - E1 MEAN
36 - E2 STANDARD DEVIATION
36 - E3 VARIANCE
36 - E4 PRECISION
37 - E5 VARIANCE RATIO (F-TEST)
37 - E6 t TESTS
37 - E7 SCATTER DIAGRAM
37 - E8 OUTLIER CRITERION
40 - E9 LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS
40 - E10 SIGNIFICANCE OF REGRESSION
41 - E11 BIAS OF SCALE
41 - E12 ASSESSMENT OF TOTAL BIAS
41 - E13 STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE DIFFERENCES
42 - E14 STANDARD DEVIATION BY GRUBBS ESTIMATOR
43 - APPENDIX F - SAMPLING TERMS - ILLUSTRATIVE

Sets out the recommended practices for the evaluation of on-line coal analysers. It defines various categories of analysers and describes their operation. It also describes appropriate techniques of statistical assessment and makes specific recommendations concerning the procedures for evaluation and calibration maintenance of on-line analysers.

This Guide sets out recommended practices for the evaluation of on-line coal analysers.It defines various categories of analyser and describes their operation. It also describes appropriate techniques of statistical assessment and makes specific recommendations concerning the procedures for evaluation and calibration maintenance of on-line analysers. This Guide will-(a) clarify terminology; (b) present an overview of different kinds of analysers commercially available; (c) provide general observations regarding interpretation of measurements by on-line analysers; and (d) present to prospective users options available to evaluate performance of on-line analysers.NOTE: A bibliography of reference texts appropriate to the various sections of this Guide is given in Appendix A.

First published as AS 1038.24-1998.Reconfirmed 2013. First published as AS 1038.24-1998.