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AS 1597.2-1996

AvailableSuperseded
AvailableSuperseded

An Available Superseded Standard is one, which has been made available for a period of time although it has been formally superseded by another Standard. Its availability is maintained where it is referenced in legislation/regulations or in other Standards and its use should be restricted to where so referenced. No responsibility is taken by Intertek Inform as to the ongoing technical validity of such a Standard, the responsibility resting with the referencing authority.

Precast reinforced concrete box culverts Large culverts (from 1500 mm span and up to and including 4200 mm span and 4200 mm height)
Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF 1 User , PDF 3 Users , PDF 5 Users , PDF 9 Users

Language(s)

English

Published date

04-05-1996

Preview

1 - AS 1597.2-1996 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS - LARGE CULVERTS (FROM 1500 mm SPAN AND UP TO AND INCLUDING 4200 mm
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
7 - 1.1 SCOPE
7 - 1.2 APPLICATION
7 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.4.1 Administrative
9 - 1.4.2 Technical
11 - 1.5 NOTATION
13 - 1.6 USE OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS OR METHODS
13 - 1.6.1 General
14 - 1.6.2 Existing structures
14 - 1.7 TYPES OF CULVERTS
14 - 1.8 CLASSIFICATION
14 - 1.8.1 General
14 - 1.8.2 Size Class
14 - 1.8.3 Load Class
16 - SECTION 2 MATERIALS, MANUFACTURE AND DIMENSIONING
16 - 2.1 SCOPE
16 - 2.2 FORMWORK
16 - 2.3 REINFORCEMENT
16 - 2.3.1 General
16 - 2.3.2 Welding
16 - 2.4 CONCRETE MATERIALS
16 - 2.4.1 Cement
16 - 2.4.2 Supplementary cementitious materials
16 - 2.4.3 Aggregates
16 - 2.4.4 Water
16 - 2.4.5 Admixtures
16 - 2.4.6 Restriction on chemical content
16 - 2.5 SPECIFICATION AND MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE
16 - 2.5.1 Strength grade
16 - 2.5.2 Manufacture
17 - 2.6 HANDLING, PLACING AND FINISHING OF CONCRETE
17 - 2.7 CURING
17 - 2.7.1 General
17 - 2.7.2 Moist curing
17 - 2.7.3 Membrane curing
17 - 2.7.4 Accelerated curing
18 - 2.8 JOINTS
18 - 2.9 DIMENSIONS
18 - 2.9.1 Internal dimensions
18 - 2.9.2 Length
18 - 2.10 COVER TO REINFORCEMENT
20 - 2.11 MEASUREMENT OF DIMENSIONS
20 - 2.11.1 General
20 - 2.11.2 Size dimensions
21 - 2.11.3 Thickness
21 - 2.11.4 Cover
21 - 2.11.5 Length
21 - 2.12 TOLERANCES
21 - 2.12.1 General
21 - 2.12.2 Dimension tolerances
21 - 2.12.3 Basic shape tolerances
21 - 2.13 PROVISION FOR LIFTING
21 - 2.14 WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH
22 - 2.15 DEFECTS
22 - 2.15.1 General
22 - 2.15.2 Types
22 - 2.15.3 Acceptability
23 - 2.16 MARKING
23 - 2.17 FINISHING AND REPAIRS
24 - SECTION 3 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES
24 - 3.1 GENERAL
24 - 3.1.1 Scope
24 - 3.1.2 General design requirements
25 - 3.2 DESIGN LOADS
25 - 3.2.1 Dead loads
26 - 3.2.2 Traffic loads for culverts under roadways
28 - 3.2.3 Live loads for culverts under railways
29 - 3.2.4 Load combinations
30 - 3.2.5 Handling and transport loads
30 - 3.3 LOAD EFFECT ANALYSIS
30 - 3.3.1 General
30 - 3.3.2 Restrained sidesway
31 - 3.3.3 Effective width of culvert for W7/T44 wheel load
31 - 3.4 THEORETICAL STRENGTH AND SERVICEABILITY CALCULATIONS
31 - 3.4.1 Strength
31 - 3.4.2 Serviceability
31 - 3.4.3 Fatigue
32 - 3.5 REINFORCEMENT DETAILING
32 - 3.5.1 General
32 - 3.5.2 Minimum flexural reinforcement
32 - 3.5.3 Distribution reinforcement
32 - 3.5.4 Crack control
34 - SECTION 4 LOAD TESTING FOR DESIGN
34 - 4.1 SCOPE
34 - 4.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
34 - 4.2.1 General
34 - 4.2.2 Prototype proof load tests for serviceability
34 - 4.2.3 Prototype proof load tests for strength
34 - 4.2.4 Prototype failure load tests for empirical assessments of design strengths
34 - 4.2.5 Failure load tests for calibration of a strength prediction model
34 - 4.3 TEST SPECIMENS
34 - 4.3.1 General
34 - 4.3.2 Prototype test specimens
34 - 4.3.3 Test specimens to calibrate a theoretical strength prediction model
34 - 4.3.4 Properties of test specimens
35 - 4.3.5 Strength enhancement factors
36 - 4.4 TEST LOADS
36 - 4.4.1 General
36 - 4.4.2 Proportional loading
36 - 4.4.3 Critical loading
37 - 4.4.4 Test loads for regular culverts including standard culverts
37 - 4.4.5 Test apparatus
37 - 4.5 PROTOTYPE PROOF LOAD TESTS FOR SERVICEABILITY
37 - 4.5.1 General
37 - 4.5.2 Serviceability indicators
37 - 4.5.3 Crack width
41 - 4.6 PROTOTYPE PROOF LOAD TESTS FOR ULTIMATE STRENGTH
41 - 4.6.1 Prototype proof loads for ultimate strength
42 - 4.6.2 Ultimate strength acceptance criteria based on prototype proof load tests
42 - 4.7 FAILURE LOAD TESTS
42 - 4.7.1 Prototype failure load tests for empirical assessments of design strengths
43 - 4.7.2 Failure load tests for calibration of a strength prediction model
45 - 4.7.3 Test capacity reduction factor
47 - SECTION 5 ROUTINE SAMPLING AND TESTING
47 - 5.1 GENERAL
47 - 5.2 REQUIRED TESTS
47 - 5.2.1 General
47 - 5.2.2 Concrete strength
47 - 5.2.3 Dimensional accuracy, and cover to reinforcement
47 - 5.2.4 Crack serviceability test load
48 - 5.3 SAMPLING FOR LOAD TESTING
48 - 5.4 COMPLIANCE
48 - 5.5 ACCEPTANCE
49 - SECTION 6 INSTALLATION
49 - 6.1 SCOPE
49 - 6.2 EXCAVATION
49 - 6.3 FOUNDATION PREPARATION
49 - 6.4 PLACING PRECAST UNITS
50 - 6.5 COMPACTION
50 - 6.6 BACKFILLING
51 - 6.7 CONSTRUCTION LOADS ON CULVERTS
52 - APPENDIX A - PURCHASING GUIDELINES
52 - A1 GENERAL
52 - A2 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER
52 - A3 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE MANUFACTURER
53 - APPENDIX B - MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD
53 - B1 SCOPE
53 - B2 STATISTICAL SAMPLING
53 - B3 PRODUCT CERTIFICATION
53 - B4 SUPPLIER’S QUALITY SYSTEM
54 - B5 OTHER MEANS OF ASSESSMENT
55 - APPENDIX C - LOW PRESSURE STEAM CURING OF CONCRETE UNITS
55 - C1 SCOPE
55 - C2 GENERAL
55 - C3 DEFINITIONS
55 - C3.1 Initial maturity
55 - C3.2 Recording thermometer
55 - C3.3 Temperature probe
55 - C4 STEAM DELIVERY
55 - C4.1 Steam points
55 - C4.2 Avoidance of overheating
55 - C5 STEAM CURING CYCLES
55 - C5.1 Initial maturity
55 - C5.2 Rate of temperature rise
55 - C5.3 Maximum temperature
55 - C5.4 Removal of steam covers
55 - C5.5 Records
56 - APPENDIX D - METHODS FOR COVER TESTING OF UNITS
56 - D1 SCOPE
56 - D2 PRINCIPLE
56 - D3 APPARATUS
56 - D4 PROCEDURE
56 - D4.1 Direct method
56 - D4.2 Indirect method
57 - D5 REPORT
58 - APPENDIX E - MEASUREMENT OF CRACK WIDTH
58 - E1 SCOPE
58 - E2 PRINCIPLE
58 - E3 APPARATUS
58 - E4 PROCEDURE
58 - E5 REPORT
59 - APPENDIX F - GRAVITY FORCES AND DENSITIES OF MATERIALS FOR CULVERT DESIGN
60 - APPENDIX G - FLOW CHARTS FOR PROTOTYPE TESTING
66 - APPENDIX H - METHOD FOR CRACK LOAD TESTING (ROUTINE TESTING) OF CULVERT UNITS LINK OR BASE SLABS
66 - H1 SCOPE
66 - H2 APPLICATION
66 - H3 APPARATUS
66 - H4 SAMPLE PREPARATION
67 - H5 GENERAL TEST CONSIDERATIONS
67 - H5.1 Positioning of sample test unit
67 - H5.2 Rate of loading
67 - H5.3 Selection and measurement of crack width
67 - H6 PROCEDURE FOR CRACK SERVICEABILITY TEST LOAD
67 - H6.1 Procedure
67 - H6.2 Maximum test load
67 - H6.3 Determination of test crack width
67 - H7 REPORT
70 - APPENDIX I - TABLES OF SERVICEABILITY TEST LOADS FOR STANDARD CULVERT UNITS AND LINK SLABS
70 - I1 SCOPE
70 - I2 SERVICEABILITY TEST LOADS
70 - I3 TEST LOAD METHOD
72 - APPENDIX J - TABLES OF BASIC TEST LOADS FOR STANDARD CULVERT UNITS AND LINK SLABS
72 - J1 SCOPE
72 - J2 BASIC TEST LOADS
72 - J3 TEST LOAD ARRANGEMENT
86 - APPENDIX K - SAMPLING SCHEME FOR ROUTINE TESTING
86 - K1 SCOPE
86 - K2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
86 - K2.1 Size of batch
86 - K2.2 Inspection modes and switching rules
87 - K3 SAMPLING PLAN
87 - K3.1 Sampling plan for crack load testing

Specifies requirements for the design, testing, manufacture and installation of precast reinforced concrete rectangular box culverts, for conveying water not under pressure and for carrying roadway and railway loadings.

This Standard sets out minimum requirements for the design, testing, manufacture and installation of precast reinforced concrete rectangular box culverts for conveying water not under pressure, and for carrying roadway and railway loadings permitted by Australian road and railway authorities.Design requirements are based on the methods of limit state design, using theoretical strength and serviceability calculations, or prototype testing.This Standard is applicable to rectangular precast culvert units having a maximum length of 3600 mm, a maximum height of 4200 mm and a span from 1500 mm to 4200 mm and having a height of fill over the top of the culvert unit not exceeding 10 m.NOTES:1 Guidelines to purchasers on requirements that may need to be agreed upon at the time of calling for tenders or quotations are detailed in Appendix A.2 Methods for demonstrating compliance with this Standard are given in Appendix B.3 For precast reinforced box culverts of internal dimensions exceeding 4200 mm span or height, additional design considerations may be necessary. Additional design considerations are required for special culverts, e.g. skewed ends, culvert units with large holes, culverts subject to loading other than standard roadways and railways loadings.

Committee
CE/26
DocumentType
Standard
ISBN
0 7337 0267 8
Pages
82
PublisherName
Standards Australia
Status
AvailableSuperseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes
UnderRevision

First published as AS 1597.2-1996.

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AS 1289.5.1.1-2003 Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes Soil compaction and density tests - Determination of the dry density/moisture content relation of a soil using standard compactive effort
AS 1289.5.4.1-2007 Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes Soil compaction and density tests - Compaction control test - Dry density ratio, moisture variation and moisture ratio (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 1478-1992 Chemical admixtures for concrete
AS 3582.2-2001 Supplementary cementitious materials for use with portland and blended cement Slag - Ground granulated iron blast-furnace
AS 3600-2001 Concrete structures
AS/NZS ISO 9004.1:1994 Quality management and quality system elements Guidelines
AS 1302-1991 Steel reinforcing bars for concrete
AS/NZS ISO 8402:1994 Quality management and quality assurance - Vocabulary
AS 1289.E5.1-1977 Methods of testing soil for engineering purposes Soil compaction and density tests - Determination of minimum and maximum dry density of a cohesionless material
AS 1304-1991 Welded wire reinforcing fabric for concrete
AS 1303-1991 Steel reinforcing wire for concrete
AS 1289.5.3.2-2004 Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes Soil compaction and density tests - Determination of the field density of a soil - Sand replacement method using a sand pouring can, with or without a volume displacer (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS/NZS ISO 9000.1:1994 Quality management and quality assurance standards Guidelines for selection and use
AS 1289.E6.1-1981 Methods of testing soil for engineering purposes Soil compaction and density tests - Compaction control test - Density index method for a cohesionless material
AS 1379-2007 Specification and supply of concrete (Reconfirmed 2017)
AS 1012.9-1999 Methods of testing concrete Determination of the compressive strength of concrete specimens
AS 1726-1993 Geotechnical site investigations
AS 1379-1997 Specification and supply of concrete
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AS 3582.2-1991 Supplementary cementitious materials for use with portland cement Slag - Ground granulated iron blast-furnace
AS 1399-1990 Guide to AS 1199 - Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes
AS 1012.1-1993 Methods of testing concrete Sampling of fresh concrete
AS 1199-1988 Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes
HB 18.28-2005 Conformity assessment - Guidance on a third-party certification system for products
AS 3600-1994 Concrete structures
AS 2758.1-1998 Aggregates and rock for engineering purposes - Concrete aggregates
AS 1289.E3.5-1982 Methods of testing soil for engineering purposes - Part E - Soil compaction and density tests - Determination of the field dry density of a soil - Water replacement method
AS 1289.5.3.2-1993 Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes Soil compaction and density tests - Determination of the field dry density of a soil - Sand replacement method using a sand pouring can, with or without a volume displacer
AS 3582.1-1998 Supplementary cementitious materials for use with portland and blended cement Fly ash
AS 1012.8-1986 Methods of testing concrete Method for making and curing concrete compression, indirect tensile and flexure test specimens, in the laboratory or in the field
AS 1289.5.1.1-1993 Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes Soil compaction and density tests - Determination of the dry density/moisture content relation of a soil using standard compactive effort
AS 3972-1997 Portland and blended cements
AS 1289.C6.1-1977 Methods of testing soil for engineering purposes Soil classification tests - Determination of the particle size distribution of a soil - Standard method of analysis by sieving
AS/NZS 3582.3:2002 Supplementary cementitious materials for use with portland and blended cement Amorphous silica

AS 5100.5-2004 Bridge design - Concrete
AS 1597.1-2010 Precast reinforced concrete box culverts Small culverts (not exceeding 1200 mm span and 1200 mm height)
AS 1597.2 SUPP 1-1997 Precast reinforced concrete box culverts Large culverts (from 1500 mm span and up to and including 4200 mm span and 4200 mm height) - Commentary (Supplement to AS 1597.2-1996)
AS 5100.3-2004 Bridge design Foundations and soil supporting structures

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