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AS 2177.1-1994

Superseded
Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

View Superseded by
superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

Non-destructive testing - Radiography of welded butt joints in metal Methods of test
Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF 1 User , PDF 3 Users , PDF 5 Users , PDF 9 Users

Superseded date

06-30-2017

Language(s)

English

Published date

01-01-1994

Publisher

Standards Australia

Preview

1 - AS 2177.1-1994 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING - RADIOGRAPHY OF WELDED BUTT JOINTS IN METAL - METHODS OF TEST
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - FOREWORD
8 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.4 TEST METHOD DESIGNATION
9 - 1.5 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
9 - 1.6 QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL
10 - SECTION 2 EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES
10 - 2.1 GENERAL
10 - 2.2 X-RAY EQUIPMENT
10 - 2.3 GAMMA-RAY SOURCES
10 - 2.4 INTENSIFYING SCREENS
10 - 2.4.1 General
11 - 2.4.2 Thickness of intensifying screens
11 - 2.5 CASSETTES
11 - 2.6 FILTERS
11 - 2.7 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS
12 - 2.8 FILMS
12 - 2.9 FILM PROCESSING FACILITIES
12 - 2.9.1 General
12 - 2.9.2 Automatic processing
12 - 2.9.3 Manual processing
12 - 2.10 VIEWING FACILITIES
13 - SECTION 3 TEST METHOD REQUIREMENTS
13 - 3.1 GENERAL
13 - 3.2 SURFACE PREPARATION
13 - 3.3 PLACEMENT OF IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS
14 - 3.4 GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS
14 - 3.5 RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY
14 - 3.6 FILM COVERAGE
14 - 3.6.1 Maximum diagnostic film length
14 - 3.6.2 Width of film
18 - 3.6.3 Film overlap
18 - 3.7 BACK-SCATTER PROTECTION
18 - 3.8 RADIOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION
18 - 3.8.1 General
19 - 3.9 RECOMMENDED TUBE VOLTAGES
19 - 3.10 FILM LOCATION
19 - 3.10.1 Object-to-film distance
20 - 3.10.2 Source-to-film distance
20 - 3.11 MASKING
20 - 3.12 RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS
20 - 3.12.1 Testing of welds in flat surfaces and longitudinal welds in curved surfaces
20 - 3.12.2 Testing of circumferential welds in curved surfaces
22 - 3.13 PROCESSING OF RADIOGRAPHS
22 - 3.14 VIEWING OF RADIOGRAPHS
22 - 3.14.1 General
22 - 3.14.2 Eye adaptation
23 - 3.14.3 Viewing record
23 - 3.14.4 Assessment
23 - 3.15 STORAGE OF RADIOGRAPHS
24 - SECTION 4 PRESENTATION OF TEST DATA
24 - 4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
24 - 4.2 RECORD OF TEST
24 - 4.3 TEST REPORT
26 - APPENDIX A - PURCHASING GUIDELINES
26 - A1 GENERAL
26 - A2 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER
28 - APPENDIX B - GUIDANCE FOR THE USE OF THIS STANDARD
28 - B1 GENERAL
28 - B2 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY RADIOGRAPHS
28 - B3 THE EFFECT OF X- RAY TUBE VOLTAGE
29 - B4 SELECTION OF RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE
30 - B5 EFFECT OF VARIABLES ON RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST
30 - B6 PRECAUTIONS AGAINST SCATTERED RADIATION
30 - B6.1 General
30 - B6.2 Procedures to reduce scatter
32 - B7 EFFECTS OF SURFACE FINISH
33 - B8 FILM DENSITY AND SCREENS
33 - B8.1 Film density
34 - B8.2 Fluorometallic screens
35 - B9 VIEWING OF WET RADIOGRAPHS
35 - B10 FACTORS CONTROLLING SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE
35 - B10.1 General
35 - B10.2 Inherent unsharpness
36 - B10.3 Geometric unsharpness
37 - B10.4 Total unsharpness
37 - B10.5 Relationship between types of unsharpness
38 - B11 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS (IQIs)
38 - B11.1 General
40 - B11.2 Limitations in the use of IQIs
40 - B11.3 IQI equivalence
40 - B11.4 IQI and pipe welds
41 - B11.5 Summary
43 - APPENDIX C - RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIVALENCE FACTORS

Sets out methods and specifies requirements for X-ray and gamma-ray testing of welded butt joints in metal products. Included is a comprehensive appendix which provides guidance for the use of the Standard and advice on how to optimize the quality of the radiographic image.

This Standard sets out methods and requirements for X-ray and gamma-ray radiographic testing of welded butt joints in metal products. It does not cover neutron radiography and does not specify the permissible defect levels used for the acceptance/rejection criteria of welds. The individual methods of test and the permissible defect levels should be specified in the relevant product or application Standard.NOTES:1 Advice and recommendations on information to be supplied by the purchaser at the time of enquiry or order are contained in Appendix A.2 Guidance and general information which should assist the users of this Standard is contained in Appendix B.

Committee
MT-007
DocumentType
Standard
ISBN
0 7262 9105 6
Pages
36
PublisherName
Standards Australia
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes
UnderRevision

First published in part as AS B164-1965.AS B230 first published 1967.AS B237 first published 1967.AS B164-1965, AS B230-1967 and AS B237-1967 revised, amalgamated and redesignated AS 2177.1-1978.Second edition 1981.Third edition 1994. First published in part as AS B164-1965. AS B230 first published 1967. AS B237 first published 1967. AS B164-1965, AS B230-1967 and AS B237-1967 revised, amalgamated and redesignated AS 2177.1-1978. Second edition 1981. Third edition 1994.

AS 2243.4-1998 Safety in laboratories - Ionizing radiations
AS 3998-1992 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of personnel - General engineering
AS 2177.2-1982 Radiography of welded butt joints in metal - Image quality indicators (IQI) and recommendations for their use
AS Z5.2-1968 Glossary of metal welding terms and definitions Terminology of and abbreviations for fusion weld imperfections as revealed by radiography
AS 3669-1989 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and registration of personnel - Aerospace
AS 1929-1981 Non-destructive testing - Glossary of terms

AS 1988.1-2006 Welding of ferrous castings - Steel castings
AS 2717.2-1988 Welding - Electrodes - Gas metal arc Aluminium and aluminium alloy
AS/NZS 1554.1:1995 Structural steel welding Welding of steel structures
AS 2470-2005 Steel cylinders for compressed gases - Welded three-piece construction with longitudinal joint - 11 kg to 150 kg (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS/NZS 1554.1:2004 Structural steel welding Welding of steel structures
AS 2470-1995 Steel cylinders for compressed gases - Welded - 11 kg to 150 kg
AS 2885.2-2002 Pipelines - Gas and liquid petroleum - Welding
AS/NZS 3509:2003 LP Gas fuel vessels for automotive use
AS 2885.2-1995 Pipelines - Gas and liquid petroleum - Welding
AS/NZS 2717.1:1996 Welding - Electrodes - Gas metal arc - Ferritic steel electrodes
AS/NZS 1554.4:2004 Structural steel welding - Welding of high strength quenched and tempered steels
AS 1796-2001 Certification of welders and welding supervisors (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 4037-1992 Boilers and pressure vessels - Examination and testing
AS 1796-1993 Certification of welders and welding supervisors
AS/NZS 1554.5:1995 Structural steel welding Welding of steel structures subject to high levels of fatigue loading
AS 3978-1991 Non-destructive testing - Visual inspection of metal products and components
AS 3577-1999 Steel cylinders for compressed gases - Welded - 150 kg to 500 kg
AS/NZS 1554.6:2012 Structural steel welding Welding stainless steels for structural purposes
AS 4749-2001 Non-destructive testing - Terminology of and abbreviations for fusion weld imperfections as revealed by radiography
AS 3533.3-2003 Amusement rides and devices In-service inspection (Reconfirmed 2013)
AS/NZS 1553.1:1995 Covered electrodes for welding - Low carbon steel electrodes for manual metal-arc welding of carbon steels and carbon-manganese steels
AS 3978-2003 Non-destructive testing - Visual inspection of metal products and components (Reconfirmed 2022)
AS/NZS 3509:1996 LP gas fuel vessels for automotive use
AS 4041-1992 Pressure piping
AS 4037-1999 Pressure equipment - Examination and testing (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS/NZS 1554.6:1994 Structural steel welding - Welding stainless steels for structural purposes
AS 1858.1-2003 Electrodes and fluxes for submerged-arc welding Carbon steels and carbon-manganese steels
AS 2177.2-1982 Radiography of welded butt joints in metal - Image quality indicators (IQI) and recommendations for their use
AS 1858.2-1989 Electrodes and fluxes for submerged-arc welding - Low and intermediate alloy steels
AS 2980-2004 Qualification of welders for fusion welding of steels
AS 3954.2-1991 Motor vehicle controls - Adaptive systems for people with disabilities Hand controls - Product requirements (Reconfirmed 2014)
AS/NZS 1554.5:2004 Structural steel welding Welding of steel structures subject to high levels of fatigue loading
AS/NZS 1553.2:1999 Covered electrodes for welding - Low and intermediate alloy steel electrodes for manual metal-arc welding of carbon steels and low and intermediate alloy steels
AS 1554.1-1991 Structural steel welding (known as the SAA Structural Steel Welding Code) - Welding of steel structures
AS/NZS 1554.1:2000 Structural steel welding Welding of steel structures
AS/NZS 3679.2:1996 Structural steel - Welded I sections
AS 2203.1-1990 Cored electrodes for arc-welding - Ferritic steel electrodes
AS/NZS 1554.4:1995 Structural steel welding - Welding of high strength quenched and tempered steels
AS 2470-1998 Steel cylinders for compressed gases - Welded three-piece construction with longitudinal joint - 11 kg to 150 kg

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Hardcopy - English
PDF 1 User - English
PDF 3 Users - English
PDF 5 Users - English
PDF 9 Users - English
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