1 - AS 3500.2-1990 NATIONAL PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE CODE - PART 2: SANITARY PLUMBING AND SANITARY DRAINAGE
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
9 - FOREWORD
10 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
10 - 1.1 SCOPE
10 - 1.2 APPLICATION
10 - 1.2.1 General
10 - 1.2.2 New materials and methods
10 - 1.2.3 Unusual installations
10 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
10 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
11 - 1.5 HEALTH REQUIREMENTS
11 - 1.6 CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS
11 - 1.7 CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
11 - 1.8 MEASUREMENT OF PIPE LENGTH
11 - 1.9 FIRE-RESISTANCE LEVEL (FRL)
11 - 1.10 SAFETY
11 - 1.11 PIPE GRADES
12 - SECTION 2 MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
12 - 2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
12 - 2.2 AUTHORIZATION
12 - 2.3 SELECTION AND USE
12 - 2.4 PIPES AND FITTINGS FOR NON-PRESSURE APPLICATIONS
12 - 2.4.1 Copper pipes
12 - 2.4.2 Copper fittings
13 - 2.4.3 Copper alloy pipes
13 - 2.4.4 Ductile iron
13 - 2.4.5 Galvanized steel
13 - 2.4.6 Glass
13 - 2.4.7 Glass-filament-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes
13 - 2.4.8 Polypropylene fittings
13 - 2.4.9 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC)
13 - 2.4.10 Vitrified clay
13 - 2.5 PIPES AND FITTINGS FOR PRESSURE APPLICATIONS
14 - 2.6 SHEET
14 - 2.6.1 Copper
14 - 2.6.2 Copper alloy
14 - 2.6.3 Stainless steel
14 - 2.7 JOINTING COMPONENTS
14 - 2.7.1 Rubber rings
14 - 2.7.2 Rubber gaskets
14 - 2.7.3 Silver brazing alloy
14 - 2.7.4 Solvent cement and priming fluid
14 - 2.8 CONCRETE AND MORTAR
14 - 2.8.1 Cement
14 - 2.8.2 Fine aggregate (sand)
14 - 2.8.3 Coarse aggregate (metal)
14 - 2.8.4 Concrete mix
15 - 2.8.5 Cement mortar
15 - 2.8.6 Chemical admixtures
15 - 2.8.7 Water for concrete and mortar
15 - 2.8.8 Steel reinforcement
15 - 2.9 MISCELLANEOUS
15 - 2.9.1 Timber
15 - 2.9.2 Epoxy resins
15 - 2.9.3 Pipe bedding
15 - 2.9.4 Backfill
15 - 2.9.5 External protective coatings
15 - 2.9.6 Glass-fibre-reinforced plastics tanks
16 - 2.9.7 Geotextiles
17 - SECTION 3 DRAINAGE DESIGN
17 - 3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
17 - 3.2 LOCATION OF DRAINS
17 - 3.3 SIZE OF DRAINS
17 - 3.3.1 Fixture unit loading
17 - 3.3.2 Main drain
17 - 3.3.3 Branch drains
17 - 3.3.4 Limitations on branch drains
17 - 3.3.5 Use of eccentric taper fitting
18 - 3.3.6 Size change
18 - 3.3.7 Oversizing of drains
18 - 3.3.8 Downstream of boundary trap
19 - 3.4 GRADES OF DRAINS
19 - 3.4.1 Minimum grade
20 - 3.4.2 Reduced grades
20 - 3.4.3 Steep grades
20 - 3.4.4 Anchor blocks
21 - 3.5 DRAINS IN ROADS, EASEMENTS, PUBLIC PLACES, WATERCOURSES, AND RIGHTS OF WAY
21 - 3.5.1 General
21 - 3.5.2 Easements and watercourses
22 - 3.5.3 Public roads and rights of way
22 - 3.6 PROXIMITY TO OTHER SERVICES
22 - 3.6.1 Electrical cables and gas pipes
22 - 3.6.2 Stormwater pipes
22 - 3.6.3 Water service
22 - 3.6.4 Other crossovers
23 - 3.7 DEPTH OF COVER
23 - 3.7.1 General
23 - 3.7.2 Drains with adequate cover
24 - 3.7.3 Drains without adequate cover
24 - 3.7.4 Drains under buildings
24 - 3.8 BUILDING OVER DRAINS
24 - 3.8.1 Alterations and additions to buildings
24 - 3.8.2 Drains in proximity to footings and foundations
25 - 3.9 FIXTURE CONNECTIONS TO VITRIFIED CLAY DRAINS UNDER BUILDINGS
25 - 3.10 VENTING OF DRAINS
25 - 3.10.1 General
26 - 3.10.2 Location
26 - 3.10.3 Size of drainage vents
27 - 3.11 UNVENTED BRANCH DRAINS
27 - 3.11.1 General
27 - 3.11.2 Sizing
27 - 3.11.3 Maximum length
28 - 3.11.4 Vertical sections
28 - 3.11.5 Connection of fixture discharge pipes
28 - 3.12 UNVENTED DRAINS DISCHARGING TO GULLIES
28 - 3.12.1 General
28 - 3.12.2 Length of unvented section
28 - 3.13 RESTRICTION ON CONNECTIONS IN PROXIMITY TO A STACK
28 - 3.14 RE-USE OF EXISTING DRAINS
29 - 3.15 DRAINS IN CARAVAN PARKS
29 - 3.15.1 General
29 - 3.15.2 Soil waste dump points
30 - 3.15.3 Connection points for short-term sites
30 - 3.15.4 Relocatable dwellings located on long-term sites
33 - 3.16 VACUUM SYSTEMS
33 - 3.17 COMMON EFFLUENT DRAINAGE SYSTEM
33 - 3.17.1 General
33 - 3.17.2 Drainage connections
34 - 3.17.3 Septic tanks
34 - 3.17.4 Sullage tanks
37 - SECTION 4 DRAINAGE SYSTEM
37 - 4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
37 - 4.2 POINT OF CONNECTION
37 - 4.2.1 General
37 - 4.2.2 Protection of sewers
37 - 4.2.3 Tidal or water-charged locations
37 - 4.3 DRAINS
37 - 4.3.1 Below ground
38 - 4.3.2 Above ground under buildings
38 - 4.4 INSPECTION SHAFTS AND BOUNDARY TRAPS
38 - 4.4.1 General
38 - 4.4.2 Inspection shafts and boundary trap risers
39 - 4.4.3 Installation of inspection shafts
39 - 4.4.4 Installation of boundary traps
40 - 4.5 REFLUX VALVES
40 - 4.5.1 Location
40 - 4.5.2 Installation
40 - 4.5.3 Stack discharge
40 - 4.5.4 Surcharging sewer
40 - 4.5.5 Reflux valve chambers
41 - 4.6 GULLIES
41 - 4.6.1 General
41 - 4.6.2 Installation
41 - 4.6.3 Maintenance of water seal
41 - 4.6.4 Prohibited discharge
41 - 4.6.5 Disconnector gullies inside buildings
42 - 4.6.6 Overflow relief gullies
45 - 4.6.7 Floor waste gullies
47 - 4.6.8 Charging floor waste gullies
49 - 4.7 INSPECTION OPENINGS (see Figure 4.4)
49 - 4.7.1 General
50 - 4.7.2 Size
50 - 4.7.3 Types
50 - 4.7.4 Access within buildings
50 - 4.7.5 Sealing
50 - 4.8 INSPECTION CHAMBERS
50 - 4.8.1 General
50 - 4.8.2 Size
50 - 4.8.3 Prefabricated chambers
50 - 4.8.4 Construction
52 - 4.8.5 Differential settlement
52 - 4.9 JUNCTIONS IN DRAINS
52 - 4.9.1 General
52 - 4.9.2 Discharge pipes
52 - 4.9.3 Square junctions
52 - 4.10 JUMP-UPS
53 - 4.11 DISCONNECTION AND SEALING
53 - 4.11.1 Disconnection from the sewer
53 - 4.11.2 Sealing
56 - SECTION 5 EXCAVATION BEDDING SUPPORT AND BACKFILLING
56 - 5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
56 - 5.2 EXCAVATION OF TRENCHES
56 - 5.2.1 Safety
56 - 5.2.2 Trench dimensions
56 - 5.2.3 Over-excavation
56 - 5.2.4 Adjacent to the sewer
56 - 5.2.5 Water-charged ground
56 - 5.2.6 Shoring and underpinning buildings
56 - 5.3 CONCRETE SUPPORT FOR DRAINS
57 - 5.4 BEDDING OF DRAINS
57 - 5.4.1 General
57 - 5.4.2 Materials
57 - 5.4.3 Installation
58 - 5.5 SIDE SUPPORT OVERLAY AND FINAL BACKFILL OVER DRAINS
58 - 5.5.1 Flexible pipes
58 - 5.5.2 Rigid pipes
58 - 5.5.3 Backfill over drains in stable sand
59 - 5.5.4 Final backfill
59 - 5.5.5 Backfill adjacent to inspection shafts and jump-ups
59 - 5.6 DRAINS IN TUNNELS
59 - 5.7 DRAINS IN GRADED BORED HOLES
60 - 5.8 DRAINS IN FILLED, UNSTABLE, OR WATER-CHARGED GROUND
60 - 5.8.1 General
60 - 5.8.2 Support by lintels
60 - 5.8.3 Support by piers
60 - 5.8.4 Support by timbering
61 - 5.8.5 Support by crushed stone or blue metal
61 - 5.8.6 Drains beneath slabs in unstable or filled ground
61 - 5.8.7 Drain in water-charged conditions
62 - 5.9 DRAINS IN LANDSLIP AREAS
62 - 5.9.1 General
62 - 5.9.2 Classification of landslip areas
62 - 5.9.3 Installation requirements
63 - 5.10 DRAINS IN MINE SUBSIDENCE AREAS
63 - 5.10.1 Installation
63 - 5.10.2 Limitation on pipe length and joints
63 - 5.10.3 Mine subsidence joints for UPVC pipes and fittings
64 - 5.11 DRAINS IN EXPANSIVE SOILS
65 - SECTION 6 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR SANITARY PLUMBING SYSTEM
65 - 6.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
65 - 6.2 FIXTURE UNIT RATINGS
67 - 6.3 TRAPPING OF FIXTURES AND APPLIANCES
67 - 6.3.1 General
67 - 6.3.2 Water seal
67 - 6.3.3 Location of traps
67 - 6.3.4 Fixture pairs
68 - 6.4 GRADED DISCHARGE PIPES
68 - 6.4.1 Minimum grades
68 - 6.4.2 Connection methods
69 - 6.5 JUNCTIONS IN STACKS
69 - 6.5.1 Types
69 - 6.5.2 Restrictions
69 - 6.5.3 Branches DN 65 or smaller
69 - 6.5.4 Branches DN 80 or larger
69 - 6.5.5 Opposed connections
71 - 6.6 CONNECTIONS NEAR BASE OF STACKS
71 - 6.6.1 Connections to drains or graded pipes
71 - 6.6.2 Connections above base of stack (See Figure 6.5.)
71 - 6.6.3 Connection of stacks to drains or graded pipes
72 - 6.7 VENTS
72 - 6.7.1 Prohibited use
72 - 6.7.2 Minimum grade
72 - 6.7.3 Interconnections
72 - 6.7.4 Termination
75 - 6.7.5 Connection to graded pipes
76 - SECTION 7 FULLY VENTED SYSTEMS AND FULLY VENTED MODIFIED SYSTEMS-DESIGN AND INSTALLATION
76 - 7.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
76 - 7.2 SYSTEM TYPES
76 - 7.2.1 General
76 - 7.2.2 Fully vented system
76 - 7.2.3 Fully vented modified system
76 - 7.3 SIZE OF DISCHARGE PIPES
76 - 7.3.1 General
76 - 7.3.2 Fixture unit loading
76 - 7.3.3 Minimum size
76 - 7.3.4 Limitation on DN 80 pipes
76 - 7.3.5 Oversizing
77 - 7.4 SIZE OF STACKS
79 - 7.5 TRAP VENTS
79 - 7.5.1 Connection for fixtures
79 - 7.5.2 Stack vents serving as trap vents
79 - 7.5.3 Size
80 - 7.5.4 Installation
81 - 7.5.5 Common vent for fixtures
81 - 7.6 BRANCH VENTS
81 - 7.6.1 Size
83 - 7.6.2 Arrangement
83 - 7.6.3 Size changes
83 - 7.7 RELIEF VENTS
83 - 7.7.1 General
83 - 7.7.2 At offsets in stacks
85 - 7.7.3 Connection
85 - 7.7.4 Upper termination
85 - 7.7.5 Size
86 - 7.8 STACK VENTS
86 - 7.8.1 Extension
86 - 7.8.2 Developed length
86 - 7.9 CROSS-RELIEF VENTS
87 - 7.10 HEADER VENTS
87 - 7.10.1 General
87 - 7.10.2 Sizing
89 - 7.11 GROUP VENTS
89 - 7.11.1 General
89 - 7.11.2 Arrangement
89 - 7.11.3 Sizing
89 - 7.11.4 Termination
89 - 7.11.5 Group-vented branches (see Figure 7.10)
92 - 7.12 OFFSETS IN STACKS
92 - 7.12.1 Steep offsets
92 - 7.12.2 Graded offsets
95 - SECTION 8 SINGLE STACK SYSTEMS AND SINGLE STACK MODIFIED SYSTEMS- DESIGN AND INSTALLATION
95 - 8.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
95 - 8.2 SYSTEM DESIGN
95 - 8.2.1 General
95 - 8.2.2 Single stack systems (see Figure 8.1)
95 - 8.2.3 Single stack modified system (see Figure 8.2)
95 - 8.2.4 Design criteria
95 - 8.2.5 Number of floor levels (see Figure 8.3)
96 - 8.3 RATING OF FIXTURES
96 - 8.4 FIXTURES PERMITTED TO BE CONNECTED
96 - 8.4.1 Residential buildings (Classes 1 to 4)
101 - 8.4.2 Commercial buildings (Classes 5 to 9)
102 - 8.5 CONNECTION OF FIXTURES WITHOUT TRAP VENTS
102 - 8.5.1 Separate fixture discharge pipes
102 - 8.5.2 Variations permitted
103 - 8.5.3 Opposed junctions
103 - 8.5.4 Bends in fixture discharge pipes
103 - 8.5.5 Vertical dropper on fixture discharge pipes
103 - 8.5.6 Connection from waste fixtures to stack
104 - 8.5.7 Connection from waste fixtures to stack below restricted zone
104 - 8.5.8 Floor waste gullies
104 - 8.5.9 Traps
104 - 8.5.10 Connection of ranges of fixtures
104 - 8.5.11 Ranges of basins
106 - 8.5.12 Ranges of water closet pans
107 - 8.5.13 Ranges of wall-hung urinals
107 - 8.6 VENTING OF STACKS
107 - 8.6.1 General
107 - 8.6.2 Cross vents (single stack modified system)
108 - 8.6.3 Relief vents (single stack modified system)
108 - 8.7 SIZING OF STACKS
108 - 8.7.1 Single stack systems
108 - 8.7.2 Single stack modified systems
109 - 8.8 VARIATIONS TO SINGLE STACK SYSTEMS
109 - 8.8.1 General
110 - 8.8.2 DN 80 stack
110 - 8.8.3 DN 80 stack with the top section graded installed in a Class 1 to 4 building
111 - 8.8.4 DN 100 stack up to three floors with the top section graded installed in a Class 1 to 4 building receiving 30 fixture units
112 - 8.8.5 DN 100 stack of one floor with top section graded
113 - 8.8.6 Connection for multiple fixtures into or below a graded offset (DN 100 stacks (see Figure 8.11)
113 - 8.8.7 Waste stack up to DN 100 with either graded or steep offset between the highest and lowest connections
116 - 8.8.8 DN 65 waste stack
116 - 8.8.9 DN 50 vertical section of stack
117 - 8.8.10 Connection at the change of direction in stack with top section graded
117 - 8.9 OFFSETS IN SINGLE STACK SYSTEMS ONLY
117 - 8.9.1 General
117 - 8.9.2 Steep offsets
118 - 8.9.3 Connection of laundry troughs to DN 100 stacks
120 - 8.9.4 Steep offsets below the lowest connection
120 - 8.9.5 Graded offsets
120 - 8.9.6 Connections above the offset
123 - SECTION 9 GENERAL INSTALLATION OF PIPEWORK
123 - 9.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
123 - 9.2 SUPPORT AND FIXING OF PIPEWORK
123 - 9.2.1 Brackets, clips and hangers
123 - 9.2.2 Prohibited supports
123 - 9.3 LOCATION
124 - 9.4 CONCEALMENT OF PIPES AND FITTINGS
124 - 9.4.1 General
124 - 9.4.2 Extension of inspection openings
124 - 9.4.3 Structural concrete or brickwork
124 - 9.4.4 Dry wall construction
124 - 9.4.5 Multiple dwellings
124 - 9.4.6 Walk-in pipe ducts
124 - 9.5 TESTING AND INSPECTION OPENINGS
124 - 9.5.1 General requirements
125 - 9.5.2 Inspection opening size
125 - 9.5.3 Access to inspection openings
125 - 9.6 INSTALLATION OF COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY PIPES
125 - 9.6.1 Fixing
125 - 9.6.2 Expansion joints
125 - 9.6.3 Freedom from restraint
127 - 9.7 INSTALLATION OF UPVC PIPES
127 - 9.8 DISUSE OF SANITARY PLUMBING
127 - 9.9 IDENTIFICATION OF PIPES
127 - 9.10 INSTALLATION OF ABOVE-GROUND (ELEVATED) PIPEWORK AND CONNECTION OF FIXTURES USING DRAINAGE PRINCIPLES
127 - 9.10.1 General
127 - 9.10.2 Maximum length and size
127 - 9.10.3 Permitted installations
127 - 9.10.4 Installation
127 - 9.11 INSTALLATION OF BOUNDARY TRAPS, REFLUX VALVES AND GULLIES ABOVE GROUND WITHIN BUILDINGS
127 - 9.11.1 Boundary traps
128 - 9.11.2 Reflux valve
128 - 9.11.3 Gullies
128 - 9.12 JOINTING OF PIPES
128 - 9.12.1 General
128 - 9.12.2 Materials and methods of jointing
131 - SECTION 10 PUMPED DISCHARGE
131 - 10.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
131 - 10.2 GENERAL
131 - 10.3 COMPRESSED AIR EJECTION
131 - 10.4 EJECTOR VENT
131 - 10.5 WET WELLS
131 - 10.5.1 General
131 - 10.5.2 Construction
131 - 10.5.3 Materials
131 - 10.5.4 Base
131 - 10.5.5 Cover
132 - 10.5.6 Ladders
132 - 10.6 INSTALLATION OF PUMPS
132 - 10.6.1 General
132 - 10.6.2 Inlet to wet well
132 - 10.6.3 Venting
132 - 10.6.4 Sealing
132 - 10.7 PUMPED DISCHARGES OR RISING MAINS
132 - 10.8 PUMP DISCHARGE FROM WASTE FIXTURES
132 - 10.8.1 General
133 - 10.8.2 Holding tank
133 - 10.8.3 Provision of valves
133 - 10.8.4 Inlet
133 - 10.8.5 Outlet
133 - 10.8.6 Venting
133 - 10.8.7 Discharge pipe
133 - 10.9 SWIMMING POOL DISCHARGE
133 - 10.10 SMALL BORE MACERATOR SYSTEMS
133 - 10.11 ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
135 - SECTION 1 1 FIXTURES AND APPLIANCES
135 - 11.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
135 - 11.2 INSTALLATION OF FIXTURES FOR DISABLED PERSONS
135 - 11.3 GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
135 - 11.3.1 Installation of fixtures
135 - 11.3.2 Position of fixture traps
135 - 11.3.3 Untrapped fixtures
135 - 11.3.4 Connection of fixture pairs
135 - 11.3.5 Connection of soil fixtures
135 - 11.3.6 Fixture grates
135 - 11.3.7 Sanitary flushing
135 - 11.3.8 Fixture discharge pipes
135 - 11.4 PLANT ROOMS
135 - 11.5 PRESSURIZED CHAMBERS
136 - 11.6 AUTOPSY TABLES
136 - 11.7 BAIN MARIES AND BOILING WATER UNITS
136 - 11.8 BASINS
136 - 11.9 BATHS
136 - 11.10 BEDPAN WASHERS AND SANITIZERS
136 - 11.11 BIDETS
136 - 11.12 DENTAL UNITS
136 - 11.12.1 Single
136 - 11.12.2 Multiple
136 - 11.13 DRINKING FOUNTAINS
136 - 11.14 FOOD WASTE DISPOSAL UNITS (DOMESTIC TYPE)
136 - 11.14.1 General
136 - 11.14.2 Outlet connection
136 - 11.15 FLOOR WASTE GULLIES
137 - 11.16 REFRIGERATED AND DEEP-FREEZE CABINETS
137 - 11.17 SANITARY NAPKIN DISPOSAL UNITS
137 - 11.18 SHOWERS
137 - 11.18.1 Individual showers
137 - 11.18.2 Shower groups
137 - 11.18.3 Kerbing of shower groups
137 - 11.18.4 Prefabricated shower bases
137 - 11.19 SINKS
137 - 11.19.1 Kitchen sinks
138 - 11.19.2 Bar sinks
138 - 11.19.3 Cleaners' sinks
138 - 11.20 SLOP HOPPERS
138 - 11.20.1 Installation
138 - 11.20.2 Connection
138 - 11.21 INSTRUMENT STERILIZERS AND AUTOCLAVES
138 - 11.22 CONNECTION OF TUNDISHES
138 - 11.23 DOMESTIC SWIMMING POOLS
138 - 11.24 TROUGHS
138 - 11.24.1 Ablution
138 - 11.24.2 Laundry
138 - 11.25 URINALS
138 - 11.25.1 Floor type
139 - 11.25.2 Wall-hung
139 - 11.26 WASHING MACHINES
139 - 11.26.1 Domestic clothes-washing machines
139 - 11.26.2 Domestic dishwashing machines (See Figure 11.1)
139 - 11.26.3 Commercial dishwashing machines
140 - 11.26.4 Glass-washing machines
140 - 11.27 UNTRAPPED FLOOR DRAINS
140 - 11.27.1 General
140 - 11.27.2 Restrictions on use
140 - 11.27.3 Installation
141 - 11.27.4 Termination of discharge pipe
141 - 11.28 WATER CLOSET PANS
141 - 11.28.1 Connection
141 - 11.28.2 Installation
142 - SECTION 12 TESTING OF SANITARY PLUMBING AND SANITARY DRAINAGE INSTALLATIONS
142 - 12.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
142 - 12.2 SANITARY PLUMBING TESTING
142 - 12.3 SANITARY DRAINAGE TESTING
142 - 12.3.1 Water test
143 - 12.3.2 Air test
144 - APPENDIX A - MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
145 - APPENDIX B - INSTALLATION
146 - APPENDIX C - MISCELLANEOUS
147 - APPENDIX D - CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
147 - D1 PRINCIPLES OF CLASSIFICATION
147 - D2 CLASSIFICATIONS
148 - D3 MULTIPLE CLASSIFICATION
149 - APPENDIX E - PIPE GRADES CONVERSION TABLE
150 - APPENDIX F - LOCATION, VENTILATION AND OUTLETS OF PRE-TREATMENT FACILITIES
150 - F1 SCOPE
150 - F2 GENERAL
150 - F3 PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
150 - F4 ARRESTORS AND SPECIAL PITS
151 - F5 VENTS ON GREASE ARRESTORS
151 - F6 GREASE ARRESTOR IN SEPARATE CHAMBER
151 - F7 OUTLETS