AS 3960-1990

1 - AS 3960:1990 GUIDE TO RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - FOREWORD
8 - SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 - 1.1 SCOPE.
8 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.
8 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS.
9 - SECTION 2 - RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY PROGRAM
9 - 2.1 GENERAL.
9 - 2.1.1 Life cycle concept.
9 - 2.1.2 Aim of a reliability and maintainability
9 - program.
9 - 2.1.3 General considerations on maintainabi lity.
9 - 2.1.4 Cost considerations.
10 - 2.1.5 Relative effectiveness of program activities.
10 - TABLE 1
10 - RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY PROGRAM ACTIVITIES DURING THE PRINCIPAL PHASES OF A PROJECT
13 - 2.1.6 Training.
13 - 2.2 PROGRAM ACTIVITIES.
13 - 2.2.1 Definition phase.
13 - 2.2.1. 1
13 - 2.2.1. 2
13 - 2.2.2 Design and development phase.
13 - 2.2.2. 1
13 - 2.2.2. 2
13 - 2.2.2. 3
16 - 2.2.2.4
16 - 2.2.2.5
18 - 2.2.2.6
18 - 2.2.3 Production phase.
18 - 2.2.3.1
18 - 2.2.3.2
18 - 2.2.3.3
18 - 2.2.3.4
19 - 2.2.3.5
19 - 2.2.3. 6
19 - 2.2.4 Installation and commissioning phase.
19 - 2.2.4. 1
19 - 2.2.4. 2
19 - 2.2.4. 3
19 - 2.2.4.4
19 - 2.2.4. 5
19 - 2.2.4. 6
19 - 2.2.5 Operation- usage and maintenance phase.
19 - 2.2.5. 1
20 - 2.2.5. 2
21 - SECTION 3 - SPECIFICATION OF RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY
21 - 3.1 GENERAL.
21 - 3.1.1 Types of specification.
21 - 3.1.2 Purpose of reliability and maintainabi lity
21 - clauses.
21 - 3.1.3 Qualitative versus quantitative approach to
21 - reliability and maintainabi lity.
21 - 3.1.4 Quantitative reliability clauses.
23 - 3.1.5 Problems in applying the quantitative
23 - approach.
23 - 3.1.6 Qualitative approach.
23 - 3.1.7 Quantitative maintainability clauses.
23 - 3.1.8 Qualitative maintainabi lity requirements.
24 - 3.2 WRITING RELIABILITY AND MAINTAIN-ABILITY CLAUSES IN A SPECIFICATION.
24 - 3.2.1 Necessary clauses.
24 - 3.2.1. 1
24 - 3.2.1. 2
24 - 3.2.2 Function of an item.
24 - 3.2.3 Criteria for failure.
24 - 3.2.4 Choice of a reliability characteristic.
25 - 3.2.5 Required value of the reliability characteristic.
25 - 3.2.6 Choice of a maintainability characteristic.
25 - 3.2.6.1
25 - 3.2.6.2
25 - 3.2.7 Required value of the maintainability
25 - characteristic.
25 - 3.2.8 Operating regime and conditions.
25 - 3.2.9 Reliability and maintainability assurance.
26 - 3.3 SPECIFICATION OF RELIABILITY AND
26 - MAINTAINABILITY IN PRACTICE.
27 - SECTION 4 - ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY
27 - 4.1 GENERAL.
27 - 4.1.1 Aims of reliability assessment.
27 - 4. 1. 2 Reliabi l ity and maintainabi l i ty
27 - characteristics.
27 - 4.2 RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT.
27 - 4. 3 RELIABILITY PREDICTION BY
27 - MODELLING.
27 - 4.4 PROVISION OF RELIABILITY DATA.
28 - 4.5 RELIABILITY GROWTH TESTING.
28 - 4.5.1 General.
28 - 4.5.2 Preparation.
28 - 4.5.3 Results of reliability growth testing.
28 - 4.5.4 Factors governing reliability growth testing
28 - effectiveness.
28 - 4.6 RELIABILITY DEMONSTRATION AND TESTING.
28 - 4.6.1 General.
28 - 4.6.2 Aims of a test program.
29 - 4.6.3 Choice of test program.
29 - 4.6.4 Evaluation of test data using Bayesian methods.
29 - 4.6.5 Proof test.
29 - 4.6.6 Suitability of statistical methods for analysis of
29 - test results.
29 - 4.7 MAINTAINABILITY PREDICTION.
29 - 4.7.1 Maintainability prediction.
29 - 4.7.2 Prediction advantages.
29 - 4.7.3 Techniques.
29 - 4.7.4 Basic assumptions and interpretations.
29 - 4.7.5 Elements of maintainability prediction
29 - techniques.
30 - 4.7.5. 1
30 - 4.7.5. 2
30 - 4.8 MAINTAINABILITY DEMONSTRATION AND TESTING.
30 - 4.8.1 General requi rements.
30 - 4.8.2 Maintainability testing program.
30 - 4.8.3 Maintainability demonstration.
30 - 4. 8.4 Test conditions.
30 - 4.8.5 Maintenance task selection.
30 - 4.9 COMPLIANCE ILLUSTRATION BY MEANS
30 - OTHER THAN TESTING.
31 - SECTION 5 - PRODUCTION, FLOW, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY DATA
31 - 5.1 GENERAL.
31 - 5.1.1 Benefits.
31 - 5.1.2 Organization.
31 - 5.1.3 Effectiveness of communication.
31 - 5.2 DATA INPUT.
31 - 5.2.1 Reporting systems.
31 - 5.2.2 Specification and description.
36 - 5.2.3 Operating history.
36 - 5.2.4 Failure history.
36 - 5.3 DATA SOURCES.
36 - 5.3.1 Guidelines.
36 - 5.3.2 Past experience.
36 - 5.3.3 Design and development.
36 - 5.3.4 Production.
36 - 5.3.5 Factory test.
36 - 5.3.6 Guarantee or warranty reports– product
36 - liabi lity test reporting.
37 - 5.3.7 Supply of replacement parts.
37 - 5.3.8 Material or component supply.
37 - 5.3.9 Repair department.
37 - 5.3.10 Field installation, demonstration or
37 - commissioning tests.
37 - 5.3.11 User reporting system.
37 - 5. 3.12 Field surveys.
37 - 5.4 DESIGNING THE DATA COLLECTION
37 - FORM.
37 - 5.5 VALIDITY OF DATA.
37 - 5.5.1 Product manufacturer.
38 - 5.5.2 Materials or component supplier.
38 - 5.5.3 Field data retrieval programs.
38 - 5.6 COLLECTION AND FLOW OF RELIABILITY
38 - DATA.
38 - 5.7 ANALYSIS OF DATA.
38 - 5.7.1 Quantitative data.
38 - 5.7.2 Qualitative data.
39 - 5.7.3 Requirements specifications.
39 - 5.8 FAILURE CLASSIFICATION.
39 - 5.9 INTERPRETATION AND PRESENTATION
39 - OF DATA.
40 - APPENDIX A - TERMS FOR RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY
40 - A1 SCOPE
40 - A2 CLASSIFICATION OF FAILURES AS TO CAUSE
40 - A2.1 Misuse failure
40 - A2.2 Inherent weakness failure
40 - A3 CLASSIFICATION OF FAILURE AS TO SUDDENNESS
40 - A3.1 Sudden failure
40 - A3.2 Gradual failure
40 - A4 CLASSIFICATION OF FAILURE AS TO DEGREE
40 - A4.1 Partial failure
40 - A4.2 Complete failure
40 - A4.3 Intermittent failure
40 - A5 CLASSIFICATION OF FAILURE IN COMBINATION OF SUDDENNESS AND DEGREE
40 - A5.1 Catastrophic failure
40 - A5.2 Degradation failure
40 - A6 RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
40 - A6.1 Observed reliability.
40 - A6.2 Assessed reliability
40 - A6.3 Extrapolated reliability
41 - A6.4 Predicted reliability
41 - A7 MEAN LIFE
41 - A7.1 Observed mean life
41 - A7.2 Assessed mean life
41 - A7.3 Extrapolated mean life
41 - A7.4 Predicted mean life
41 - A8 FAILURE RATE
41 - A8.1 Observed failure rate
41 - A8.2 Assessed failure rate
41 - A8.3 Extrapolated failure rate
41 - A8.4 Predicted failure rate
41 - A8.5 Assumed failure rate
41 - A8.6 Failure rate level
42 - A9 MEAN TIME TO FAILURE.
42 - A9.1 Observed mean time to failure
42 - A9.2 Assessed mean time to failure
42 - A9.3 Extrapolated mean time to failure
42 - A9.4 Predi cted mean time to failure
42 - A10 MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURES
42 - A10.1 Observed mean time between failures
42 - A10.2 Assessed mean time between failures
42 - A10.3 Extrapolated mean time between failures
42 - A10.4 Predicted mean time between failures
42 - A11 DATA CONCEPTS
42 - A11.1 Test data
43 - A11.2 Field data
43 - A11.3 Accelerated test
43 - A11.4 Acceleration factor
43 - A11.5 Failure rate acceleration factor
43 - A11.6 Step stress test
43 - A11.7 Screening test
43 - A11.8 Laboratory reliability test
43 - A11.9 Field reliability test
43 - A12 DESIGN CONCEPTS
43 - A12.1 Redundancy
43 - A12.2 Active redundancy
43 - A12.3 Standby redundancy
43 - A12.4 Storage life
43 - A12.5 Wear-out
43 - A12.6 Rating
43 - A12.7 Burn in
43 - A12.8 De-bugging
43 - A13 TIME CONCEPTS
43 - A13.1 Active preventive maintenance time
43 - A13.2 Administrative time
43 - A13.3 Undetected failure time
43 - A13.4 Maintenance time
44 - A13.5 Preventive maintenance time
44 - A13.6 Corrective maintenance time
44 - A14 Q-PERCENTILE LIFE
44 - A14.1 Observed Q-percentile life
44 - A14.2 Assessed Q-percentile life
44 - A14.3 Extrapolated Q-percentile life
44 - A14.4 Predicted Q-percentile life
44 - A15 MAINTENANCE CONCEPTS
44 - A15.1 Level of maintenance
44 - A15.2 Line of maintenance
45 - APPENDIX B - EXPLANATION OF RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY TERMINOLOGY
45 - B1 GENERAL - PRINCIPLES
45 - B2 FAILURE TERMS
45 - B3 THE NEED TO USE THE APPROPRIATE ADJECTIVAL MODIFIER
45 - B4 GENERAL STATEMENT ON THE PROBABILISTIC NATURE OF RELIABILITY
45 - B5 RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
45 - B6 VERSIONS OF RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
46 - B7 ACHIEVED AND REQUIRED RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
46 - B8 PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF APPENDIX A
46 - B9 MEANING OF THE TERM ‘ITEM’
46 - B10 ‘HARDWARE’ TERMS
46 - B11 TIME CONCEPTS
47 - INDEX OF TERMS FOR RELIABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY