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AS/NZS 1020:1995

Superseded
Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

View Superseded by
superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

The control of undesirable static electricity
Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF 1 User , PDF 3 Users , PDF 5 Users , PDF 9 Users

Superseded date

05-26-2023

Language(s)

English

Published date

03-05-1995

Preview

1 - AS/NZS 1020:1995 - THE CONTROL OF UNDESIRABLE STATIC ELECTRICITY
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
9 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
9 - 1.1 SCOPE
9 - 1.2 PURPOSE
9 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
9 - 1.3.1 Standards
10 - 1.3.2 Other publications
11 - 1.4 DEFINITIONS
11 - 1.4.1 Antistatic (used as adjective)
11 - 1.4.2 Bonding
11 - 1.4.3 Earthing (Grounding)
11 - 1.4.4 Conductors
12 - 1.4.5 Non-conductors (insulators)
12 - 1.4.6 Ignitable materials and mixtures
12 - 1.4.7 Intrinsically safe circuit
12 - 1.4.8 Static electricity
12 - 1.4.9 Static discharge
12 - 1.4.10 Resistivity
13 - SECTION 2 GENERATION, INDUCTION AND DANGERS BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
13 - 2.1 GENERATION OF STATIC
13 - 2.2 INDUCTION OF STATIC
13 - 2.3 COMMON SOURCES OF GENERATION
14 - 2.4 FIRE AND EXPLOSION DANGERS
14 - 2.5 REMOVAL OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION DANGERS
14 - 2.6 WORKING SURFACES AND FLOOR SURFACE COVERINGS
16 - SECTION 3 STATIC DISCHARGES
16 - 3.1 NATURE OF STATIC DISCHARGES
16 - 3.2 ENERGY OF A STATIC DISCHARGE
18 - SECTION 4 SOLID OBJECTS
18 - 4.1 SELECTION OF AN APPROPRIATE CONTROL METHOD
18 - 4.2 CONDUCTING OBJECTS
18 - 4.2.1 General
18 - 4.2.2 Earthing
19 - 4.2.3 Bonding
19 - 4.2.4 Earthing and bonding conductors
19 - 4.2.5 Mobile apparatus
19 - 4.2.6 Rotating shafts
19 - 4.3 NON-CONDUCTING OBJECTS
19 - 4.3.1 General
20 - 4.3.2 Increasing the conductivity of non-conducting objects
20 - 4.3.3 Increasing the humidity of the air
20 - 4.3.4 Ionization of the air
23 - SECTION 5 PERSONS
23 - 5.1 GENERAL
23 - 5.2 WEARING APPAREL (OTHER THAN FOOTWEAR)
23 - 5.3 EARTHING OF PERSONS BY FOOTWEAR
24 - 5.4 OTHER MEANS OF EARTHING PERSONS
25 - SECTION 6 LIQUIDS
25 - 6.1 INTRODUCTION
25 - 6.1.1 Generation of static
25 - 6.1.2 Fire and explosion dangers
25 - 6.1.3 Factors affecting static generation
27 - 6.1.4 Tendency of particular liquids to generate static
27 - 6.2 SELECTION AND APPLICATION OF AN APPROPRIATE CONTROL METHOD
28 - 6.3 DISSIPATING CHARGE FROM INSTALLATIONS
28 - 6.4 DISSIPATING CHARGE FROM LIQUIDS
28 - 6.4.1 Conducting liquids
28 - 6.4.2 Non-conducting liquids
28 - 6.5 CONDUCTIVITY IMPROVERS (ANTISTATIC ADDITIVES)
28 - 6.6 REDUCING THE LIKELIHOOD OF STATIC DISCHARGES ABOVE A LIQUID SURFACE
29 - 6.7 AVOIDANCE OF TURBULENCE
29 - 6.8 AVOIDANCE OF CONTAMINANTS
29 - 6.9 AVOIDANCE OF HIGH FLOW VELOCITIES
29 - 6.9.1 General
29 - 6.9.2 Hydrocarbons
30 - 6.9.3 Liquids other than hydrocarbons
30 - 6.10 USE OF RELAXATION SECTIONS
31 - 6.11 STATIC CHARGE REDUCERS
31 - 6.12 METALLIC PIPING
32 - 6.13 HOSES AND COUPLINGS
33 - 6.14 FILLING OF VESSELS
33 - 6.15 NON-CONDUCTING VESSELS
33 - 6.15.1 General
33 - 6.15.2 Lined vessels
33 - 6.15.3 Road tankers
33 - 6.16 TRANSFER OF SMALL QUANTITIES
33 - 6.17 BLENDING AND MIXING
33 - 6.18 SAMPLING FROM HIGH PRESSURE SOURCES
33 - 6.19 PNEUMATIC TRANSFER OF LIQUIDS
34 - 6.20 SPRAYING
34 - 6.21 SWITCH LOADING
35 - SECTION 7 GASES
35 - 7.1 INTRODUCTION
35 - 7.2 MINIMIZING STATIC GENERATION
35 - 7.3 PREVENTION OF STATIC ACCUMULATION
35 - 7.4 REMOVAL OF IGNITABLE MATERIALS AND MIXTURES
36 - SECTION 8 DUSTS
36 - 8.1 INTRODUCTION
36 - 8.1.1 General
36 - 8.1.2 Generation of static
36 - 8.1.3 Factors influencing static generation and accumulation
37 - 8.2 MINIMIZING STATIC GENERATION
37 - 8.3 DISSIPATING CHARGE FROM EQUIPMENT
37 - 8.3.1 Outlet nozzles
37 - 8.3.2 Objects in dust streams
37 - 8.3.3 Sampling
37 - 8.3.4 Bags and containers for collecting and transporting dust
38 - SECTION 9 POWDERED OR GRANULAR SOLIDS
38 - 9.1 INTRODUCTION
38 - 9.2 HANDLING
38 - 9.3 CONTROL OF STATIC
39 - SECTION 10 DRIVE AND CONVEYOR BELTS
39 - 10.1 GENERATION OF STATIC
39 - 10.2 CONTROL OF STATIC
39 - 10.2.1 Replacement of drive
39 - 10.2.2 Belts
40 - 10.2.3 Pulleys, idler rollers and shafting
40 - 10.2.4 Safety guards
41 - 10.2.5 Materials discharged from conveyors
42 - SECTION 11 EXPLOSIVES
42 - 11.1 INTRODUCTION
42 - 11.2 ASSESSING THE HAZARD
42 - 11.3 MINIMIZING THE HAZARD
42 - 11.3.1 Materials of construction
43 - 11.3.2 The application of suitable surface coating
43 - 11.3.3 Radioactive ionizers
43 - 11.3.4 Relative humidity
43 - 11.3.5 Bonding and earthing
43 - 11.3.6 Plant arrangement
43 - 11.3.7 Clothing and footwear
43 - 11.3.8 Drive belts and conveyor belts
44 - SECTION 12 PRINTING PROCESSES
44 - 12.1 INTRODUCTION
44 - 12.1.1 General
44 - 12.1.2 Generation of static
44 - 12.1.3 Factors influencing static generation
44 - 12.2 MINIMIZING STATIC GENERATION
45 - 12.3 PREVENTION OF STATIC ACCUMULATION
45 - 12.4 REMOVAL OF IGNITABLE MIXTURES
46 - SECTION 13 COATING, SPREADING AND IMPREGNATING
46 - 13.1 INTRODUCTION
46 - 13.2 CONTROL OF STATIC AND REMOVAL OF IGNITABLE MIXTURES
47 - SECTION 14 PROCESSING AND CONVERSION OF PLASTICS AND RUBBER MATERIALS
47 - 14.1 INTRODUCTION
47 - 14.2 GENERATION OF STATIC
47 - 14.2.1 Flexible web processes
47 - 14.2.2 Extrusion processes
47 - 14.2.3 Moulding processes
47 - 14.3 CONTROL OF STATIC
48 - 14.4 SOLUTION CASTING OF FILM
48 - 14.4.1 General
48 - 14.4.2 Prevention of static accumulation during film casting
48 - 14.4.3 Dissolving film waste (Spoil)
48 - 14.4.4 Removal of flammable mixtures
48 - 14.5 END-USE APPLICATIONS
50 - SECTION 15 DRYCLEANING
50 - 15.1 INTRODUCTION
50 - 15.2 CONTROL OF STATIC
50 - 15.2.1 Earthing and bonding
50 - 15.2.2 Solvent conductivity
50 - 15.2.3 Humidification
50 - 15.2.4 Persons
51 - SECTION 16 SUNDRY PROCESSES INVOLVING FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
51 - 16.1 LOADING AND UNLOADING ROAD TANKERS
51 - 16.2 RAIL TANK WAGONS
51 - 16.3 FUELLING AND DEFUELLING AIRCRAFT
51 - 16.4 LOADING AND UNLOADING TANKERS AND BARGES
51 - 16.5 FUELLING MOTOR VEHICLES
51 - 16.6 TRANSFER OF ETHER AND CARBON DISULPHIDE
52 - SECTION 17 SUNDRY PROCESSES INVOLVING PRESSURIZED GAS
52 - 17.1 DISCHARGE OF CARBON DIOXIDE
52 - 17.2 MIXTURES OF HYDROGEN OR ACETYLENE WITH AIR
52 - 17.3 TRANSFER OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)
52 - 17.4 STEAM JETS
52 - 17.5 SPRAY PAINTING
53 - SECTION 18 HANDLING OF ELECTROSTATIC SENSITIVE DEVICES
53 - 18.1 INTRODUCTION
53 - 18.2 BASIC PROTECTION PRINCIPLES
53 - 18.3 LABELLING
53 - 18.4 TYPES OF PACKAGES AVAILABLE
53 - 18.4.1 Polymer bags with thin metal coating
53 - 18.4.2 Coloured polymer bags
54 - 18.4.3 Polymer bags with high carbon content
55 - SECTION 19 DETECTION OF ELECTRIC POTENTIAL OR ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH
55 - 19.1 GENERAL
55 - 19.2 NEON LAMPS
55 - 19.3 ELECTROSCOPES
55 - 19.4 OTHER METHODS
56 - SECTION 20 MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC POTENTIAL OR ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH
56 - 20.1 MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC POTENTIAL WITH CONTACTING INSTRUMENTS
56 - 20.1.1 Electrostatic voltmeters
57 - 20.1.2 Electronic voltmeters
57 - 20.2 MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTHWITHNON-CONTACTINGINSTRUMENTS. 20.2.1 General
57 - 20.2.1 General
58 - 20.2.2 Electrometers
58 - 20.2.3 Induction electric field strength meters
59 - 20.2.4 Radioactive ionization field strength meters
59 - 20.3 CALIBRATION OF NON-CONTACTING ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS
60 - 20.4 MEASUREMENTS IN HAZARDOUS AREAS
60 - 20.4.1 General
60 - 20.4.2 Using an electrostatic or electronic voltmeter
64 - 20.4.3 Using non-contacting instruments
65 - SECTION 21 DETERMINATION OF CAPACITANCE
65 - 21.1 CALCULATION OF CAPACITANCE
65 - 21.2 CAPACITANCE MEASUREMENT
65 - 21.2.1 General
65 - 21.2.2 Elimination of errors due to earthing the Cx terminal
66 - 21.2.3 Elimination of error due to lead capacitance
67 - SECTION 22 MEASUREMENT OF CHARGES
67 - 22.1 MEASUREMENT OF STATIC CHARGE
68 - SECTION 23 MEASUREMENT OF RESISTANCE OR CONDUCTANCE
68 - 23.1 GENERAL
68 - 23.2 RESISTANCE OF EARTHING CIRCUITS
68 - 23.3 RESISTANCE OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
68 - 23.4 PERSONNEL RESISTANCE TESTER
69 - 23.5 LIQUID CONDUCTIVITY
71 - APPENDIX A - EXAMPLES OF SOLVING PRACTICAL PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM STATIC
71 - A1 EXAMPLE WITH DRIVING BELT
71 - A1.1 Problem
71 - A1.2 Solution
71 - A2 EXAMPLE WITH CONDUCTING SHOES
71 - A2.1 Problem
71 - A2.2 Solution
72 - A3 EXAMPLE WITH STATIC COMB
72 - A3.1 Problem
72 - A3.2 Solution
72 - A4 EXAMPLE WITH INSULATING SHEET CHARGED BY CONTACT AND SEPARATION WITH ANOTHER BODY
72 - A4.1 Problem
72 - A4.2 Solution
73 - A5 EXAMPLES WITH LIQUIDS AND RELAXATION SECTIONS
73 - A5.1 Problem
73 - A5.2 Solution
73 - A5.3 Problem
73 - A5.4 Solution
74 - A6 EXAMPLE WITH FILM CHARGED BY PASSING THROUGH A MACHINE
74 - A6.1 Problem
74 - A6.2 Investigation
74 - A6.3 Calculation
75 - A6.4 Evaluation of results
75 - A6.5 Solution
76 - APPENDIX B - FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
76 - B1 VAPOURS
76 - B1.1 Vapour pressure
76 - B1.2 Flammable limits
77 - B1.3 Mists and foams
77 - B2 REDUCING THE HAZARDS OF FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
77 - B2.1 General precautions
77 - B2.2 Reducing quantity of flammable liquids
78 - B2.3 Enclosure of flammable mixtures
78 - B2.4 Preventing formation of flammable mixture.
80 - APPENDIX C - METHOD FOR LAYING AND EARTHING CONDUCTING FLOORING
82 - APPENDIX E - CONDUCTING COATINGS FOR DRIVE AND CONVEYOR BELTS
82 - E1 INTRODUCTION
82 - E2 GENERAL COATING
82 - E3 COATING FOR RUBBER BELTS

Provides recommendations relating to safe control of electrostatic charges generated incidentally by processes or activities. Its purpose is to assist in reducing fire, explosion and nuisance aspects associated with static electricity. It outlines conditions under which the presence of static causes a hazard and recommends methods for its safe dissipation or mitigation. Appendices provide information about the hazards caused by static electricity in the vicinity of flammable mixtures, on minimum ignition energies for a range of chemicals and give examples of solving problems resulting from static electricity.

This Standard sets out recommendations for controlling static electricity (hereinafter referred to as 'static') which may be generated incidentally by processes or activities and which may present hazards, damage or inconvenience.Considerations relating to the generation of static and the problems it presents in a given environment are given, together with a description of methods and equipment for measuring electric potential, charge, capacitance and resistance parameters associated with electrostatically charged objects. Specific control methods are given for some industries.The provisions of the standard should not be regarded as overriding statutory requirements, but may be construed as working recommendations to be used in conjunction with such requirements.Methods for minimizing the risk of static causing a fire or explosion arising from the use of flammable medical agents are not included, as they are given in AS 1169. Similarly, methods for affording protection from lightning are not included, as these are given in AS/NZS 1768, nor does this standard include the earthing systems of patient treatment areas in hospitals and the like.NOTE: Examples of the solving of some practical problems resulting from static are given in Appendix A.

Committee
EL-025
DocumentType
Standard
ISBN
0 7262 9569 8
Pages
74
ProductNote
Pending Revision indicates that as a result of the Aged Standards review process, the document needs updating. If no project proposal, meeting the quality criteria, is received within the 12 month timeframe, the document shall be withdrawn.
PublisherName
Standards Australia
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes

First published in Australia as AS 1020-1970.Second edition 1984. First pubished in New Zealand as NZS/AS 1020:1984.Jointly revised and designated as Joint Standard AS/NZS 1020:1995. First published in Australia as AS 1020-1970. Second edition 1984. First published in New Zealand as NZS/AS 1020:1984. Jointly revised and designated as Joint Standard AS/NZS 1020:1995.

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AS 2106-1980 Methods for the determination of the flashpoint of flammable liquids (closed cup)
AS 2430.1-1987 Classification of hazardous areas - Explosive gas atmospheres
AS/NZS 1852.0:1996 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Introduction and list of Parts of AS 1852 and IEC 50
AS 1852.00-1980 International electrotechnical vocabulary - General index
AS/NZS 1841.1:2007 Portable fire extinguishers General requirements (Reconfirmed 2021)
AS/NZS 2210.1:1994 Occupational protective footwear - Guide to selection, care and use
AS 3859-1991 Effects of current passing through the human body
AS 2187.2-1993 Explosives - Storage, transport and use - Use of explosives
AS 1841.7-1992 Portable fire extinguishers - Vapourizing-liquid type
AS/NZS 2210.2:1994 Occupational protective footwear Specification
AS 1940-2004 The storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids
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AS/NZS 1596:2002 The storage and handling of LP Gas
AS 3000-1986 Electrical installations - Buildings, structures and premises (known as the SAA Wiring Rules)
AS/NZS 2210.2:2000 Occupational protective footwear Requirements and test methods
AS 1596-1989 LP Gas - Storage and handling
AS 1841.1-1992 Portable fire extinguishers - General requirements
AS 1169-1982 Minimizing of combustion hazards arising from the medical use of flammable anaesthetic agents
AS 1000-1979 The International System of Units (SI) and its application
AS 1332-1991 Conveyor belting - Textile reinforced
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AS 2187.1-1998 Explosives - Storage, transport and use Storage
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AS 1332-2000 Conveyor belting - Textile reinforced (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 1940-1993 The storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids

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AS 1940:2017 The storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids
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AS 4363(INT)-1996 Soldering electrical and electronic assemblies
AS 3892-2001 Pressure equipment - Installation (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS/NZS 2832.1:1998 Cathodic protection of metals - Pipes and cables
AS/NZS 2243.10:2004 Safety in laboratories Storage of chemicals
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AS/NZS 3100:2017 Approval and test specification - General requirements for electrical equipment
AS 2381.10-1995 Electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres - Selection, installation and maintenance - Equipment in combustible dust (Class II) areas
AS 3961-2005 The storage and handling of liquefied natural gas
AS 2832.1-2004 Cathodic protection of metals Pipes and cables
AS/NZS 61241.14:2005 Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust Selection and installation (IEC 61241-14, Ed.1.0(2004) MOD)
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AS 2834-1995 Computer accommodation
AS 3765.1-1990 Clothing for protection against hazardous chemicals Protection against general or specific chemicals
AS 1473.3-2001 Wood processing machinery - Safety Finishing machinery - Circular sawing machines
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AS 1692-2006 Steel tanks for flammable and combustible liquids
AS 2268-1979 Electrostatic paint and powder sprayguns for explosive atmospheres
AS 3689.1-1989 Automatic fire extinguishing systems using halogenated hydrocarbons - Halon 1301 total flooding systems
AS 1894-1997 The storage and handling of non-flammable cryogenic and refrigerated liquids (Reconfirmed 2021)
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AS 2809.5-2001 Road tank vehicles for dangerous goods Tankers for bitumen-based products
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AS 2809.2-1999 Road tank vehicles for dangerous goods - Tankers for flammable liquids
AS 1940-2004 The storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids
AS/NZS 4645.1:2008 Gas distribution networks Network management
HB 94-1997 Electrical safety in the workplace
AS 2809.3-2008 Road tank vehicles for dangerous goods - Road tank vehicles for compressed liquefied gases
AS/NZS 4745:2012 Code of practice for handling combustible dusts
AS/NZS 1715:1994 Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective devices
HB 213:2003 Guidelines for safe working in a confined space
AS/NZS 2906:2001 Fuel containers - Portable - plastic and metal
AS 3961:2017 The storage and handling of liquefied natural gas
AS/NZS 3788:1996 Pressure equipment - In-service inspection
AS 2714-2008 The storage and handling of organic peroxides (Reconfirmed 2021)
AS 4979-2008 Flammable and combustible liquids - Precautions against electrostatic ignition during tank vehicle loading (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 2885.3-1997 Pipelines - Gas and liquid petroleum Operation and maintenance
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AS/NZS 1596:1997 Storage and handling of LP Gas
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AS 3873-2001 Pressure equipment - Operation and maintenance
AS/NZS 2381.1:2005 Electrical equipment for explosive gas atmospheres - Selection, installation and maintenance - General requirements
AS 4332-2004 The storage and handling of gases in cylinders (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS 1755-2000 Conveyors - Safety requirements
AS/NZS 2843.1:2006 Timber preservation plants Timber preservation plant site design (Reconfirmed 2016)
AS/NZS 2843.1:2000 Timber preservation plant safety code - Plant design
AS 2809.3-1999 Road tank vehicles for dangerous goods - Tankers for compressed liquefiable gases
AS/NZS 2906:1999 Fuel containers - Portable - Plastics and metal
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AS/NZS 3100:2002 Approval and test specification - General requirements for electrical equipment
AS 4214:2018 Gaseous fire-extinguishing systems
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AS/NZS 1596:2008 The storage and handling of LP Gas
AS 2243.7-1991 Safety in laboratories - Electrical aspects
AS/NZS 3100:2009 Approval and test specification - General requirements for electrical equipment
HB 13-2007 Electrical equipment for hazardous areas
AS 2832.2-2003 Cathodic protection of metals Compact buried structures
AS 2714-1993 The storage and handling of hazardous chemical materials - Class 5.2 substances (organic peroxides)
AS 2885.3-2001 Pipelines - Gas and liquid petroleum - Operation and maintenance
AS 2832.3-2005 Cathodic protection of metals Fixed immersed structures
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HB 13-2000 Electrical equipment for hazardous areas
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AS/NZS 60079.14:2009 Explosive atmospheres Electrical installations design, selection and erection (IEC 60079-14, Ed. 4.0 (2007) MOD)
AS 4897-2008 The design, installation and operation of underground petroleum storage systems
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AS 4214-2002 Gaseous fire extinguishing systems
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AS 2809.3:2017 Road tank vehicles for dangerous goods Road tank vehicles for compressed liquefied gas
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