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ASTM E 2277 : 2014

Superseded
Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

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superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills
Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Superseded date

09-17-2019

Language(s)

English

Published date

01-01-2014

CONTAINED IN VOL. 11.05, 2015 Defines procedures for the design and construction of engineered structural fills using coal combustion products (CCPs) including but not limited to fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag or other CCPs that can meet the requirements of an engineered fill.

1.1This guide covers procedures for the design and construction of engineered structural fills using coal combustion products (CCPs) including but not limited to fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag or other CCPs that can meet the requirements of an engineered fill as described herein. CCPs may be used alone or blended with soils or other suitable materials to achieve desired geotechnical properties.

1.2This guide describes the unique design and construction considerations that may apply to engineered structural fills constructed of with CCPs that have been adequately characterized as being suitable for this beneficial use.

1.3Beneficial utilization of CCPs consistent with this standard conserves land, natural resources, and

1.4This guide applies only to CCPs produced primarily by the combustion of coal.

1.5The testing, engineering, and construction practices for coal ash fills are similar to generally accepted practices for natural soil fills. Coal ash structural fills should be designed using generally accepted engineering practices. However, when CCPs are used in saturated conditions such as ponds or impoundments, the potential for liquefaction may need to be considered.

1.6Laws and regulations governing the use of coal ash vary by state. The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and comply with applicable requirements.

1.7The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.8This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Committee
E 50
DevelopmentNote
Supersedes ASTM E 1861. (11/2003)
DocumentType
Guide
Pages
12
PublisherName
American Society for Testing and Materials
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes

AASHTO PP 59 : 2009 : R2013 PRACTICE FOR COAL COMBUSTION FLY ASH FOR EMBANKMENTS
ASTM D 7762 : 2018 Standard Practice for Design of Stabilization of Soil and Soil-Like Materials with Self-Cementing Fly Ash
ASTM D 7762 : 2018 : REDLINE Standard Practice for Design of Stabilization of Soil and Soil-Like Materials with Self-Cementing Fly Ash
ASTM E 3183 : 2018 Standard Guide for Harvesting Coal Combustion Products Stored in Active and Inactive Storage Areas for Beneficial Use

ASTM D 2216 : 2005 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ASTM D 75 : 2003 Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates
ASTM D 4253 : 2014 Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
ASTM D 422 : 1963 : R2002 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
ASTM D 4253 : 2016 Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
ASTM D 5550 : 2014 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Gas Pycnometer
ASTM D 4767 : 2011 Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils
ASTM D 2850 : 1995 : R1999 Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial CompressionTest on Cohesive Soils
ASTM D 3550 : 1984 : R1995 : EDT 1 Standard Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
ASTM D 1452 : 2009 Standard Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
ASTM D 1586 : 2008 : REV A Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
ASTM D 1557 : 2007 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft<sup>3</sup> (2,700 kN-m/m<sup>3</sup>))
ASTM D 4972 : 1995 : REV A Standard Test Method for pH of Soils
ASTM D 2850 : 2015 Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils
ASTM D 2216 : 2010 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ASTM D 5084 : 2016 : REV A Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
ASTM D 1586 : 1999 Standard Test Method for Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
ASTM D 1586 : 2008 Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
ASTM D 1883 : 1999 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D 4254 : 2000 : R2006 : EDT 1 Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
ASTM C 150/C150M : 2017-04 SPECIFICATION FOR PORTLAND CEMENT
ASTM D 1556 : 2007 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method
ASTM D 1883 : 2007 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D 5550 : 2014 : REDLINE Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Gas Pycnometer
ASTM D 1556 : 2000 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method
ASTM D 5084 : 2003 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
ASTM D 2844 : 1994 Standard Test Method for Resistance R-Value and Expansion Pressure of Compacted Soils
ASTM D 1883 : 2007 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D 4254 : 2016 Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
ASTM D 1883 : 2016 Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D 1452 : 2007 : REV A Standard Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings
ASTM D 2435 : 2002 Standard Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils
ASTM D 2166 : 2000 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil
ASTM D 4253 : 2000 Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
ASTM D 4767 : 1995 Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils
ASTM D 2922 : 1996 : EDT 1 Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
ASTM D 5239 : 1998 Standard Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil Stabilization
ASTM D 3987 : 2012 : REDLINE Standard Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
ASTM D 2844 : 2007 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Resistance <i>R</i>-Value and Expansion Pressure of Compacted Soils
ASTM D 1883 : 2016 : REDLINE Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D 5239 : 2012 : EDT 1 Standard Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil Stabilization (Withdrawn 2021)
ASTM C 1157 : 2002 Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
ASTM D 1586 : 2011 Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
ASTM C 1157 : 2003 Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
ASTM D 854 : 2014 : REDLINE Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer (Withdrawn 2023)
ASTM D 2850 : 2003 : REV A : R2007 Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils
ASTM D 4254 : 2014 Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
ASTM D 2166 : 2006 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil
ASTM D 2167 : 2015 : REDLINE Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
ASTM D 5239 : 2012 Standard Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil Stabilization
ASTM D 4253 : 2000 : R2006 Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
ASTM D 4972 : 2013 Standard Test Method for pH of Soils
ASTM D 698 : 2013-05 TEST METHODS FOR LABORATORY COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL USING STANDARD EFFORT (12400 FT-LBF/FT[3] (600 KN-M/M[3]))
ASTM D 3877 : 2008 Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures (Withdrawn 2017)
ASTM D 3987 : 1985 : R1999 Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
ASTM D 2922 : 2004 Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
ASTM D 2435 : 1996 Standard Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils
ASTM D 1883 : 2005 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D 2167 : 1994 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
ASTM D 2166 : 2000 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil
ASTM D 1557 : 2012 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft<sup>3</sup> (2,700 kN-m/m<sup>3</sup>))
ASTM D 2922 : 2001 Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
ASTM D 1557 : 2012 : EDT 1 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft<sup>3</sup> (2,700 kN-m/m<sup>3</sup>))
ASTM D 5084 : 2016 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
ASTM D 4429 : 1993 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place (Withdrawn 2002)
ASTM D 2844 : 2007 Standard Test Method for Resistance <i>R</i>-Value and Expansion Pressure of Compacted Soils
ASTM D 4254 : 2000 Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
ASTM D 2844 : 2001 : EDT 1 Standard Test Method for Resistance <i>R</i>-Value and Expansion Pressure of Compacted Soils
ASTM D 4254 : 2016 : REDLINE Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
ASTM D 1883 : 2014 Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D 2922 : 2005 Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) (Withdrawn 2007)
ASTM D 4972 : 2001 : R2007 Standard Test Method for pH of Soils
ASTM D 5084 : 2010 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
ASTM D 2216 : 2019 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ASTM D 3877 : 2002 Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
ASTM D 4767 : 2004 Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils
ASTM D 3987 : 2012 Standard Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
ASTM D 3550 : 2001 : R2007 Standard Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils (Withdrawn 2016)
ASTM D 1557 : 2002 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft<sup>3</sup>(2,700 kN-m/m<sup>3</sup>))
CFR 29(PT1910.1000 TO END) : 0 LABOR - OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
ASTM D 3877 : 1996 Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
ASTM D 4429 : 2004 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place
ASTM D 1557 : 2000 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft<sup>3</sup>(2,700 kN-m/m<sup>3</sup>))
ASTM C 1157 : 2000 : REV A Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
ASTM D 2850 : 2015 : REDLINE Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils
ASTM C 1157 : 2008 : REV A Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
ASTM D 4959 : 2016 : REDLINE Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Soil By Direct Heating
ASTM D 1452 : 2007 Standard Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings
ASTM E 2201 : 2002 : REV A Standard Terminology for Coal Combustion Products (Withdrawn 2011)
ASTM D 2922 : 2004 : EDT 1 Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)
ASTM D 2435 : 2004 Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
ASTM D 7181 : 2011 Method for Consolidated Drained Triaxial Compression Test for Soils
ASTM D 5239 : 2004 Standard Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil Stabilization
ASTM D 2844 : 2001 Standard Test Method for Resistance R-Value and Expansion Pressure of Compacted Soils
ASTM D 5550 : 1994 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Gas Pycnometer
ASTM D 2850 : 2003 Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial CompressionTest on Cohesive Soils
ASTM D 5084 : 2000 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
ASTM D 5550 : 2000 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Gas Pycnometer
ASTM D 2216 : 1998 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ASTM D 5759 : 1995 Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
ASTM E 2201 : 2002 Standard Terminology for Coal Combustion Products
ASTM D 4972 : 2019 Standard Test Methods for pH of Soils
ASTM D 4767 : 2002 Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils
ASTM D 2216 : 1971 Standard Method of Laboratory Determination Of Moisture Content Of Soil
ASTM C 1600/C1600M : 2017-05 SPECIFICATION FOR RAPID HARDENING HYDRAULIC CEMENT
ASTM D 4429 : 2009 : REV A Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place (Withdrawn 2018)
ASTM D 4959 : 2007 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil By Direct Heating
ASTM D 4972 : 2001 Standard Test Method for pH of Soils
ASTM D 4253 : 2016 : REDLINE Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
ASTM D 2167 : 2015 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method (Withdrawn 2024)
ASTM D 3987 : 1985 : R2004 Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
ASTM D 1557 : 2009 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft<sup>3</sup> (2,700 kN-m/m<sup>3</sup>))
ASTM D 4972 : 2018 Standard Test Methods for pH of Soils
ASTM D 4959 : 2000 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil By Direct Heating
ASTM C 1157 : 2008 Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
ASTM D 5550 : 2006 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Gas Pycnometer
ASTM D 3987 : 2006 Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
ASTM D 4254 : 2000 : R2006 Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
ASTM D 2850 : 2003 : REV A Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial CompressionTest on Cohesive Soils
ASTM D 4959 : 2016 Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Soil By Direct Heating
ASTM D 5084 : 2000 : EDT 1 Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
ASTM D 5759 : 2012 Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
ASTM D 4767 : 2011 : REDLINE Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils
ASTM D 1883 : 2007 : EDT 2 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D 4429 : 2009 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place
ASTM D 2435 : 2003 Standard Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils
ASTM D 653 : 2014 : REDLINE Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
ASTM E 2201 : 2013 Standard Terminology for Coal Combustion Products
ASTM D 3550 : 2001 Standard Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils
ASTM D 1452 : 1980 : R2000 Standard Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings
ASTM D 2167 : 2008 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method

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