BS 923-4:1980

National foreword
Cooperating organizations
Section one - General
1. Scope
2. Object
Section two - Measurement of direct voltages
3. General
4. Systems for measuring the steady-state value of
     direct voltages
5. Systems for measuring ripple voltage
6. Determination of voltage ratios and scale factors
7. Determination of the amplitude-frequency response
     of a measuring system
8. Possible sources of error and precautions
Section three - Measurement of alternating voltages
9. General
10. Systems for measuring the amplitude of alternating
     voltages
11. Systems for measuring the amplitude of harmonics
12. Determination of voltage ratios and scale factors
13. Determination of the amplitude-frequency response
     of a measuring system
14. Possible sources of errors and precautions
Section four - Measurement of impulse voltages
15. General
16. Measuring system components
16.1 Voltage divider
16.2 High voltage lead
16.3 Damping resistor
16.4 Oscilloscope
16.5 Peak voltmeter
16.6 Coaxial cable and matching devices
16.7 Earth returns
17. Determination of voltage divider ratios and scale
     factors
18. Response of a measuring system
19. Experimental procedure for measuring the unit step
     response
20. Determination of the response parameters from step
     response oscillograms
20.1 Determination of the virtual starting point 0'
       and unit amplitude
20.2 Determination of the response time T
20.3 Determination of the initial distortion time To
20.4 Determination of the response time Tt of the
       system without high voltage lead
20.5 Determination of the resonant frequency range
20.6 Determination of partial response time Ta
21. Determination of the response parameters by the
     sphere-gap method
21.1 Determination of the response time T
21.2 Determination of the partial response time Ta or
       Ta'
21.3 Determination of the response time Tt of the
       system without high voltage lead
21.4 Determination of the resonant frequency range
22. Relation of response parameters to measuring errors
22.1 Errors caused by response time T
22.2 Errors caused by partial response time Ta
22.3 Errors caused by initial distortion time To
23. Criteria relating to corrections
23.1 Conditions for measurements to be sufficiently
       accurate without corrections
23.2 Conditions for correcting measurements and limits
       of application of the corrections
23.3 Procedures for cases when recorded oscillations
       exceed permitted level
24. Evaluation of a measuring system by comparison
     method
25. Various sources of errors, precautions
25.1 Divider ratio for long impulse duration
25.2 Proximity effects
25.3 Corona effects, precautions
25.4 Disturbance level check
Section five - Measurement of impulse currents
26. General
27. Commonly used measuring systems
27.1 Measuring system components
27.2 Step response of current measuring systems
28. Precautions
Section six - Measuring errors
29. Statistical evaluation
Appendix A - Resistor dividers
Appendix B - Mathematical basis for response time T
Appendix C - Procedure to determine if oscillations are
present across the test object
Figures