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CEN/TR 15281:2006

Withdrawn
Withdrawn

A Withdrawn Standard is one, which is removed from sale, and its unique number can no longer be used. The Standard can be withdrawn and not replaced, or it can be withdrawn and replaced by a Standard with a different number.

Guidance on Inerting for the Prevention of Explosions
Withdrawn date

10-19-2022

Published date

05-24-2006

Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terminology and abbreviations
   3.1 Terminology
   3.2 Abbreviations
4 Inert gases
5 Influence of the oxygen concentration on explosive atmospheres
   5.1 General
   5.2 Gas and vapour explosions
   5.3 Dust explosions
   5.4 Hybrid mixtures
   5.5 Mists
   5.6 Influence of process parameters
6 Methods of Inerting
   6.1 General
   6.2 Pressure swing inerting
   6.3 Vacuum-swing inerting
   6.4 Flow-through inerting
   6.5 Displacement inerting
   6.6 Maintaining inert conditions
7 Inerting systems
   7.1 General introduction
   7.2 Inert gas supply
   7.3 Monitoring and control system
   7.4 Methods
8 Reliability
   8.1 Demands for safety critical equipment
   8.2 Inerting systems
9 Personnel and environmental protection
10 Information for use
Annex A (informative) Oxygen monitoring technology
Annex B (informative) Equations for pressure-swing inerting
Annex C (informative) Calculations for flow-through inerting
Annex D (informative) Addition of solids to an inerted vessel
        using a double valve arrangement
Annex E (informative) Addition of solids down a charge-chute to an
        open vessel
Annex F (informative) Examples on inerting specific items of process
        equipment
Annex G (informative) Prevention of diffusion of air down vent pipes
Bibliography

Inerting is a measure to prevent explosions. By feeding inert gas into a system which is to be protected against an explosion, the oxygen content is reduced below a certain concentration until no explosion can occur. The addition of sufficient inert gas to make any mixture non-flammable when mixed with air (absolute inerting) is only required in rare occasions. The requirements for absolute inerting will be discussed. Inerting may also be used to influence the ignition and explosion characteristics of an explosive atmosphere.The guidance given on inerting is also applicable to prevent an explosion in case of a fire.The following cases are not covered by the guideline:-admixture of an inert dust to a combustible dust;-inerting of flammable atmospheres by wire mesh flame traps in open spaces of vessels and tanks;-fire fighting;-avoiding an explosive atmosphere by exceeding the upper explosion limit of a flammable substance.Inerting which is sufficient to prevent an explosion is not a protective measure to prevent fires, self-ignition, exothermic reactions or a deflagration of dust layers and deposits.

DocumentType
Technical Report
PublisherName
Comite Europeen de Normalisation
Status
Withdrawn

PREN 1127-1 : DRAFT 2017 EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - EXPLOSION PREVENTION AND PROTECTION - PART 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGY
09/30198043 DC : 0 BS EN 1127-1 - EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - EXPLOSION PREVENTION AND PROTECTION - PART 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGY
UNI EN 13237 : 2012 POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS FOR EQUIPMENT AND PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS INTENDED FOR USE IN POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES
17/30365866 DC : 0 BS EN 1127-1 - EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - EXPLOSION PREVENTION AND PROTECTION - PART 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGY
UNE-EN 1127-1:2012 Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology
EN 13237:2012 Potentially explosive atmospheres - Terms and definitions for equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
BS EN 1127-1:2011 Explosive atmospheres. Explosion prevention and protection Basic concepts and methodology
NF EN 1127-1 : 2011 EXPLOSIVES ATMOSPHERES - EXPLOSION PREVENTION AND PROTECTION - PART 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGY
DIN EN 15233:2007-11 Methodology for functional safety assessment of protective systems for potentially explosive atmospheres
BS EN 15233:2007 Methodology for functional safety assessment of protective systems for potentially explosive atmospheres
I.S. EN 13237:2012 POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS FOR EQUIPMENT AND PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS INTENDED FOR USE IN POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES
DIN EN 1127-1:2011-10 EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - EXPLOSION PREVENTION AND PROTECTION - PART 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGY
VDI 2263 Blatt 8.1:2011-03 Dust fires and dust explosions - Hazards - assessment - protective measures - Fire and explosion protection on elevators - Examples
VDI 2263 Blatt 6:2017-08 Dust fires and dust explosions - Hazards - assessment - protective measures - Dust fires and explosion protection in dust extracting installations
I.S. EN 1127-1:2011 EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - EXPLOSION PREVENTION AND PROTECTION - PART 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGY
DIN EN 15233 E : 2007 METHODOLOGY FOR FUNCTIONAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS FOR POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES
BS EN 1127-1:2019 Explosive atmospheres. Explosion prevention and protection Basic concepts and methodology
BS EN 13237:2012 Potentially explosive atmospheres. Terms and definitions for equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres
EN 15233:2007 Methodology for functional safety assessment of protective systems for potentially explosive atmospheres
UNI EN 1127-1 : 2011 EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - EXPLOSION PREVENTION AND PROTECTION - PART 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGY
DIN EN 13237:2013-01 POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - TERMS AND DEFINITIONS FOR EQUIPMENT AND PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS INTENDED FOR USE IN POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES
EN 1127-1:2011 Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology

EN 1127-1:2011 Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology
EN 50104:2010 Electrical apparatus for the detection and measurement of oxygen - Performance requirements and test methods
IEC 61511-1:2016+AMD1:2017 CSV Functional safety - Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector - Part 1: Framework, definitions, system, hardware and application programming requirements
API 2000 : 2014 VENTING ATMOSPHERIC AND LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANKS
EN ISO 4126-6:2014 Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure - Part 6: Application, selection and installation of bursting disc safety devices (ISO 4126-6:2014)
IEC 61508-3:2010 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems - Part 3: Software requirements (see Functional Safety and IEC 61508)
EN 1839:2017 Determination of the explosion limits and the limiting oxygen concentration(LOC) for flammable gases and vapours
VDI 2263 Blatt 2:1992-05 Dust fires and dust explosions; hazards, assessment, protective measures; inerting
BGR 117 : 2004
IEC 61511-3:2016 Functional safety - Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector - Part 3: Guidance for the determination of the required safety integrity levels
IEC 61511-2:2016 Functional safety - Safety instrumented systems for the process industry sector - Part 2: Guidelines for the application of IEC 61511-1:2016
TRBF 20 : 2002
IEC 61508-1:2010 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems - Part 1: General requirements (see Functional Safety and IEC 61508)
EN 14034-4:2004+A1:2011 Determination of explosion characteristics of dust clouds - Part 4: Determination of the limiting oxygen concentration LOC of dust clouds
IEC 61508-2:2010 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems - Part 2: Requirements for electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems (see Functional Safety and IEC 61508)
CLC/TR 50404:2003 Electrostatics - Code of practice for the avoidance of hazards due to static electricity
ISO 4126-6:2014 Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure — Part 6: Application, selection and installation of bursting disc safety devices

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