AS 1391-2005

1 - AS 1391-2005 METALLIC MATERIALS-TENSILE TESTING AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - 1 SCOPE
7 - 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 3 DEFINITIONS
7 - 3.1 Elongation
7 - 3.2 Engineering stress
7 - 3.3 Extensometer gauge length (Le)
8 - 3.4 Final gauge length (Lu)
8 - 3.5 Fracture
8 - 3.6 Gauge length (L)
8 - 3.7 Lower yield strength (ReL)
8 - 3.8 Maximum force (Fm)
8 - 3.9 Original gauge length (Lo)
8 - 3.10 Parallel length (Lc)
8 - 3.11 Percentage elongation
8 - 3.12 Percentage elongation after fracture (A)
8 - 3.13 Percentage permanent elongation
9 - 3.14 Percentage plastic elongation at maximum force (Ag)
9 - 3.15 Percentage total elongation at fracture (At)
9 - 3.16 Percentage permanent extension
9 - 3.17 Percentage plastic elongation without necking (Awn)
9 - 3.18 Percentage reduction of area (Z)
9 - 3.19 Percentage total extension at maximum force (Agt)
9 - 3.20 Percentage yield point extension (Ae)
9 - 3.21 Permanent set strength (Rr)
9 - 3.22 Proof strength, plastic extension (Rp)
9 - 3.23 Proof strength, total extension (Rt)
9 - 3.24 Reference condition
9 - 3.25 Tensile strength (Rm)
10 - 3.26 Test pieces
10 - 3.26.1 Test piece
10 - 3.26.2 Longitudinal test piece
10 - 3.26.3 Transverse test piece
10 - 3.27 Test sample
10 - 3.28 Test specimen
10 - 3.29 True stress
10 - 3.30 Upper yield strength (ReH)
10 - 3.31 Yield strength
10 - 4 TEST CONDITIONS
10 - 5 SYMBOLS AND DESIGNATIONS
12 - 6 TEST PIECE
12 - 6.1 Shape and dimensions
12 - 6.1.1 General
12 - 6.1.2 Machined test pieces
13 - 6.1.3 Non-machined test pieces
13 - 6.2 Types
13 - 6.3 Preparation of test pieces
13 - 7 MARKING THE ORIGINAL GAUGE LENGTH (Lo)
14 - 8 ACCURACY OF TESTING APPARATUS
14 - 8.1 General
14 - 8.2 Force measuring system
14 - 8.3 Extensometer
14 - 9 TESTING RATE
14 - 9.1 Speed of testing
14 - 9.2 Yield and proof strengths
14 - 9.2.1 Upper yield strength (ReH)
14 - 9.2.2 Lower yield strength (ReL)
15 - 9.2.3 Upper and lower yield strength (ReH and ReL)
15 - ¿9.2.4 Proof strength plastic extension ¿R
15 - 9.2.5 Rate of separation
15 - 9.2.6 Tensile strength (Rm)
15 - 10 DETERMINATION OF THE PERCENTAGE PLASTIC EXTENSION AT MAXIMUM FORCE (Ag)
15 - 11 DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE ELONGATION AFTER FRACTURE (A)
15 - 11.1 Percentages elongation after fracture
16 - 11.2 Machines capable of measuring extension at fracture using an extensometer
16 - 11.3 Elongation measured over a given fixed length
16 - 11.4 Avoidance of reject test pieces
17 - 12 DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE TOTAL ELONGATION AT MAXIMUM FORCE (Agt)
17 - 13 DETERMINATION OF THE PERCENTAGE YIELD POINT EXTENSION (Ae)
17 - 14 DETERMINATION OF PROOF STRENGTH, PLASTIC EXTENSION (Rp)
18 - 15 DETERMINATION OF PROOF STRENGTH, TOTAL EXTENSION (Rt)
18 - ¿16 METHOD OF VERIFICATION OF PERMANENT SET STRENGTH ¿
18 - 17 DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE REDUCTION OF AREA (Z)
18 - 18 ACCURACY OF THE RESULTS
19 - 19 RECORD OF RESULTS
19 - 20 TEST REPORT
20 - 21 FORCE-EXTENSION DIAGRAMS
26 - 22 TEST PIECE FORMS
29 - APPENDIX A - TYPES OF TEST PIECE TO BE USED FOR THIN PRODUCTS: SHEETS, STRIPS AND FLATS BETWEEN 0.1 mm AND 3 mm THICK
29 - A1 GENERAL
29 - A2 SHAPE OF THE TEST PIECE
29 - A3 DIMENSIONS OF THE TEST PIECE
30 - A4 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
30 - A4.1 Preparation
30 - A4.2 Width tolerance
31 - A5 DETERMINATION OF THE ORIGINAL CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (So)
32 - APPENDIX B - TYPES OF TEST PIECE TO BE USED FOR WIRE, BARS AND SECTIONS WITH A DIAMETER OR THICKNESS OF LESS THAN 4 mm
32 - B1 SHAPE OF THE TEST PIECE
32 - B2 DIMENSIONS OF THE TEST PIECE
32 - B3 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
32 - B4 DETERMINATION OF THE ORIGINAL CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (So)
33 - APPENDIX C - TYPES OF TEST PIECE TO BE USED FOR SHEETS AND FLATS OF THICKNESS EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN 3 mm AND WIRE...
33 - C1 SHAPE OF THE TEST PIECE
33 - C2 DIMENSIONS OF THE TEST PIECE
33 - C2.1 Parallel length of machined test piece (Lc)
33 - C2.2 Length of unmachined test pieces
33 - C2.3 Original gauge length (Lo)
34 - C3 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
35 - ¿C4 DETERMINATION OF THE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA ¿
36 - APPENDIX D - TYPES OF TEST PIECE TO BE USED FOR TUBES
36 - D1 SHAPE OF THE TEST PIECE
36 - D2 DIMENSIONS OF THE TEST PIECE
36 - D2.1 Length of tube
36 - D2.2 Longitudinal or transverse strip
36 - D2.3 Circular cross-section test piece machined in tube wall
36 - D3 DETERMINATION OF THE ORIGINAL CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA (SO)
38 - APPENDIX E - PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHEN MEASURING THE PERCENTAGE ELONGATION AFTER FRACTURE IF THE SPECIFIED VALUE IS...
39 - APPENDIX F - MEASUREMENT OF PERCENTAGE ELONGATION AFTER FRACTURE BASED ON SUBDIVISION OF THE ORIGINAL GAUGE LENGTH
41 - APPENDIX G - DETERMINATION OF THE PERCENTAGE PLASTIC ELONGATION WITHOUT NECKING (Awn) FOR LONG PRODUCTS SUCH AS BARS...
42 - APPENDIX H - AN ‚ERROR BUDGET' APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF THE UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT IN TENSILE TESTING
42 - H1 INTRODUCTION
42 - H2 ESTIMATION OF UNCERTAINTY
42 - H2.1 Material independent parameters
43 - H2.2 Material dependent parameters
44 - H2.3 Total measurement uncertainty
44 - H3 CONCLUDING REMARKS
47 - APPENDIX I - DESIGNATION OF TEST PIECE AXES
47 - I1 SCOPE
47 - I2 DESIGNATORY SYSTEM
47 - I2.1 Method of designation
47 - I2.2 Application of this system
47 - I2.3 Position
48 - I3 APPLICATION OF DESIGNATORY SYSTEM TO PROPERTIES LISTED IN MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
48 - I3.1 Application
48 - I3.2 Limits of application
51 - APPENDIX J - LOCATION AND PREPARATION OF SAMPLES AND TEST PIECES
51 - J1 SCOPE
51 - J2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
51 - J2.1 Representative testing
51 - J2.2 Identification of sample products, samples, rough specimens and test pieces
51 - J3 PREPARATION OF SAMPLES AND SELECTION OF TEST PIECES
51 - J3.1 Selection and dimensions of samples and location of test pieces
51 - J3.2 Direction of axis of test pieces
52 - J3.3 Condition and separation of samples
53 - J4 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
53 - J4.1 Cutting and machining
53 - J4.2 Reference heat treatment
53 - J5 LOCATION OF SAMPLES AND TEST PIECES
53 - J5.1 General
53 - J5.2 Sections
53 - J5.3 Rounds bars and rods
54 - J5.4 Hexagonal bar
54 - J5.5 Rectangular bar
54 - J5.6 Flat products
54 - J5.7 Tubular products
54 - J5.8 Rectangular hollow sections