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ASTM D 6044 : 1996 : R2015

Superseded
Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

View Superseded by
superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

Standard Guide for Representative Sampling for Management of Waste and Contaminated Media
Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Superseded date

11-11-2021

Language(s)

English

Published date

09-21-2015

CONTAINED IN VOL. 11.04, 2015 Specifies the definition of representativeness in environmental sampling, identifies sources that can affect representativeness (especially bias), and describes the attributes that a representative sample or a representative set of samples should possess.

1.1This guide covers the definition of representativeness in environmental sampling, identifies sources that can affect representativeness (especially bias), and describes the attributes that a representative sample or a representative set of samples should possess. For convenience, the term “representative sample” is used in this guide to denote both a representative sample and a representative set of samples, unless otherwise qualified in the text.

1.2This guide outlines a process by which a representative sample may be obtained from a population. The purpose of the representative sample is to provide information about a statistical parameter(s) (such as mean) of the population regarding some characteristic(s) (such as concentration) of its constituent(s) (such as lead). This process includes the following stages: (1) minimization of sampling bias and optimization of precision while taking the physical samples, (2) minimization of measurement bias and optimization of precision when analyzing the physical samples to obtain data, and (3) minimization of statistical bias when making inference from the sample data to the population. While both bias and precision are covered in this guide, major emphasis is given to bias reduction.

1.3This guide describes the attributes of a representative sample and presents a general methodology for obtaining representative samples. It does not, however, provide specific or comprehensive sampling procedures. It is the user's responsibility to ensure that proper and adequate procedures are used.

1.4The assessment of the representativeness of a sample is not covered in this guide since it is not possible to ever know the true value of the population.

1.5Since the purpose of each sampling event is unique, this guide does not attempt to give a step by step account of how to develop a sampling design that results in the collection of representative samples.

1.6Appendix X1 contains two case studies, which discuss the factors for obtaining representative samples.

1.7This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Committee
D 34
DocumentType
Guide
Pages
11
ProductNote
Reconfirmed 2015
PublisherName
American Society for Testing and Materials
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes

ASTM D 6051 : 2015 Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
ASTM D 6232 : 2016 Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
ASTM D 6956 : 2017 Standard Guide for Demonstrating and Assessing Whether a Chemical Analytical Measurement System Provides Analytical Results Consistent with Their Intended Use
ASTM D 7353 : 2007 : R2013 Standard Practice for Sampling of Liquids in Waste Management Activities Using a Peristaltic Pump
ASTM D 7910 : 2014 Standard Practice for Collection of Fungal Material From Surfaces by Tape Lift
ASTM D 7788 : 2014 Standard Practice for Collection of Total Airborne Fungal Structures via Inertial Impaction Methodology
ASTM D 5792 : 2010 : R2015 Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives
ASTM D 6311 : 1998 : R2014 Standard Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Selection and Optimization of Sampling Design
ASTM D 8068 : 2019 Standard Practice for Collection of Culturable Airborne Fungi or Bacteria on Agar Plates by Inertial Impaction Systems
ASTM D 7789 : 2012 Standard Practice for Collection of Fungal Material from Surfaces by Swab
ASTM D 5680 : 2014 Standard Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Solids in Drums or Similar Containers
ASTM D 5681 : 2018 Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
ASTM D 6907 : 2005 : R2016 Standard Practice for Sampling Soils and Contaminated Media with Hand-Operated Bucket Augers
ASTM D 6759 : 2016 Standard Practice for Sampling Liquids Using Grab and Discrete Depth Samplers
ASTM D 6235 : 2018 Standard Practice for Expedited Site Characterization of Vadose Zone and Groundwater Contamination at Hazardous Waste Contaminated Sites
ASTM D 5633 : 2004 : R2016 Standard Practice for Sampling with a Scoop
ASTM E 829 : 2016 Standard Practice for Preparing Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Laboratory Samples for Analysis
ASTM E 790 : 2021 Standard Test Method for Residual Moisture in Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Samples
ASTM D 5633 : 2021 Standard Practice for Sampling with a Scoop
ASTM D 7353 : 2021 Standard Practice for Sampling of Liquids in Waste Management Activities Using a Peristaltic Pump
ASTM D 7789 : 2012 : R2021 Standard Practice for Collection of Fungal Material from Surfaces by Swab
ASTM D 7910 : 2014 : R2021 Standard Practice for Collection of Fungal Material From Surfaces by Tape Lift
ASTM D 5681 : 2020 Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
ASTM E 887 : 2021 Standard Test Method for Silica in Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) and RDF Ash

ASTM D 4700 : 1991 : R2006 Standard Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
ASTM D 5956 : 1996 : R2006 Standard Guide for Sampling Strategies for Heterogeneous Wastes (Withdrawn 2015)
ASTM D 6051 : 1996 : R2006 Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities (Withdrawn 2015)
ASTM D 4448 : 2001 : R2019 Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
ASTM D 3370 : 1995 : REV A : R2003 : EDT 1 Standard Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
ASTM D 4547 : 2009 Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
ASTM D 4448 : 1985 : REV A : R1992 Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
ASTM D 5088 : 2002 Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Nonradioactive Waste Sites
ASTM D 4700 : 2015 : REDLINE Standard Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
ASTM D 4448 : 2001 : R2013 Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2019 Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
ASTM D 4448 : 2001 : R2007 Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
ASTM D 5792 : 2002 Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives
ASTM D 3370 : 2010 Standard Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2014 Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
ASTM D 5088 : 2015 : REV A Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
ASTM D 4547 : 2015 Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
ASTM D 4547 : 1998 Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2008 Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
ASTM D 6051 : 1996 : R2001 Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R2003 : EDT 1 Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
ASTM D 5792 : 2010 Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives
ASTM D 3370 : 2008 Standard Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
ASTM D 6051 : 1996 Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
ASTM D 5088 : 2020 Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
ASTM D 4823 : 1995 : R1999 Standard Guide for Core Sampling Submerged, Unconsolidated Sediments
ASTM D 5088 : 1990 Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Nonradioactive Waste Sites
ASTM D 6051 : 2015 Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
ASTM D 4700 : 2015 Standard Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone (Withdrawn 2024)
ASTM D 5792 : 2010 : R2015 Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives
ASTM D 5956 : 1996 : R2001 Standard Guide for Sampling Strategies for Heterogeneous Wastes
ASTM D 3370 : 2018 Standard Practices for Sampling Water from Flowing Process Streams
ASTM D 4547 : 2003 Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
ASTM D 3370 : 1976 Standard Practices for Sampling Water
ASTM D 5088 : 2015 Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
ASTM D 4700 : 1991 : R1998 : EDT 1 Standard Guide for Soil Sampling from the Vadose Zone
ASTM D 5088 : 2002 : R2008 Standard Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
ASTM D 4448 : 2001 Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells
ASTM D 3370 : 1995 : REV A : R1999 : EDT 1 Standard Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
ASTM D 5792 : 1995 Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives
ASTM D 3370 : 2007 Standard Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
ASTM D 5956 : 2015 Standard Guide for Sampling Strategies for Heterogeneous Wastes
ASTM D 4547 : 2015 : REDLINE Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds
ASTM D 5956 : 1996 Standard Guide for Sampling Strategies for Heterogeneous Wastes
ASTM D 5792 : 2002 : R2006 Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives
ASTM D 4547 : 2006 Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile Organic Compounds

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