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Personnel
Acknowledgments
Preface
Introduction
Executive Summary
Technical Summary
Recommendations
1. The Exposure
   Fumes
   Gases
   Radiation
   Noise
   Other Factors
2. Effects of Welding on Health
   Respiratory Tract
     Acute Diseases due to Occupational Exposure
     General Acute Respiratory Disease in Welders
     Siderosis and Mixed-Dust Pneumoconiosis
     Chronic Respiratory Conditions
     Serum Enzymes
   Carcinogenicity
     General Cancer Mortality
     Lung Cancer
     Digestive Tract Cancer
     Skin Cancer
   Eye and Vision
     Eye Irritation
     Epidemiology of Eye Accidents Including "Arc Eye"
     Corneal and Conjunctival Injuries
     Cataract and Other Lenticular Effects
     Retinal Injuries and Vision Impairment
   Nervous System
     General Mortality
     Loss of Consciousness
     Manganese Intoxication
     Lead Intoxication
   Blood
   Genitourinary System
     Kidney Disease
     Fertility and Potency
   Cardiovascular System
     Electrocardiograms
     Blood Pressure
   Gastrointestinal Tract
     Acute Effects
     Chronic Effects
   Liver
   Endocrine System
   Musculoskeletal System
     Chronic Fluorosis
     Muscle Fatigue
   Metal Fume Fever
     Pathogenesis
     Epidemiology
   Ear and Hearing
     Burns of the Ear
     Acoustic Trauma
   Skin
     Metal Burns
     Ultraviolet Radiation Overexposure and Photoallergy
     Skin Sensitization to Welding Fume Substances
     Scleroderma
   Injury, Accident and General Illness Statistics
   Blood and Urine as Monitors of Welding Fume Exposure
     Fate of Inhaled Welding Fumes
     Blood Studies
     Urine Studies
3. Experimental Animal Studies
   Inhalation of Welding Fumes and Gases
   Intratracheal Administration of Welding Fume Suspensions
   Distribution and Excretion of Inhaled Welding Fumes
   Carcinogenicity
   Metal Fume Fever
   Effect of Welding Fumes on Influenza or Pulmonary
   Tuberculosis
   Exposure to Arc Welding Radiation
4. Special Studies on Mutagenicity of Welding Fumes
Appendix A - Details of the Exposure
  Formation of Fumes
    Shielded Metal Arc Welding
    Flux Cored Arc Welding
    Gas Metal Arc Welding
    Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
    Plasma Arc Welding
    Submerged Arc Welding
    Oxygas Welding
    Extent of Fume Exposure
  Gases Produced During Welding
    Ozone
    Nitrogen Oxides
    Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide
    Gases Formed from Decomposition of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
  Radiation from Arc Welding
    Spectral Variation
    Obstruction of Radiation
    Effect of Current
    Reflection
    Process Differences
  Noise
  Other Factors
Appendix B - OSHA Standard or Threshold Limit Value
             for Selected Airborne Contaminants and
             Physical Agents
Appendix C - Chronic Lung Disease Assessment
  Pathogenesis of Lung Diseases
  Lung Function Testing
Appendix D - Details of Experimental Animal Studies
  Inhalation of Welding Fumes and Gases
    Effects in Rats
    Effects in Rabbits
    Effects in Guinea Pigs
    Effects in Mice
    Effects in Cats
  Intratracheal Administration of Welding Fume Suspensions
  Distribution and Excretion of Inhaled Welding Fumes
    Fluorides
    Manganese
    Silica
    Mixed Fume Studies
  Carcinogenicity Studies
  Intraperitoneal and Subcutaneous Administration of
  Welding Fume Suspensions
    Intraperitoneal Effects
    Subcutaneous Effects
  Metal Fume Fever
  Effects of Welding Fume on Influenza or Pulmonary Tuberculosis
    Influenza
    Tuberculosis
  Exposure to Arc Welding Radiation
    Mice
    Rabbits
    Monkeys
Glossary of Medical Terminology
References