AWS UEAW : 1986

LIST OF WORKING GROUP MEMBERS
FOREWORD
1 General
2 Introduction
   2.1 Scope and Application
   2.2 Particular Problems Involved in the Examination of
       Austenitic Welds
   2.3 Principle of the Method
3 Conditions to be Established prior to the Examination
   3.1 Personnel
   3.2 Required Information about the Welds
       3.2.1 Welding samples available
       3.2.2 Absence of weld samples
   3.3 Surface Preparation and Marking
   3.4 Condition of the Parent Metal
   3.5 Agreements Before the Start of the Examination
       3.5.1 Extent of the examination
       3.5.2 Sensitivity required
       3.5.3 Special conditions
       3.5.4 Regular check of equipment
       3.5.5 Reporting
   3.6 Visual Inspection
   3.7 Surface Preparation
   3.8 Couplants
4 Ultrasonic Propagation Behavior
   4.1 Structure of Austenitic Welds
   4.2 Effects of Austenitic Structures on Ultrasound
       Propagation
       4.2.1 Ultrasound propagation in an anisotropic structure
             4.2.1.1 Variation of velocity
             4.2.1.2 Beam direction
             4.2.1.3 Beam deformation
             4.2.1.4 Effect of the weld fusion faces
                     4.2.1.4.1 Reflection
                     4.2.1.4.2 Refraction
                     4.2.1.4.3 Mode conversion
                     4.2.1.4.4 Interaction with defects
       4.2.2 Attenuation in weld metal
       4.2.3 Influence of weld metal on pulse characteristics
             4.2.3.1 Pulse spectrum
             4.2.3.2 Influence of attenuation of the ultrasonic
                     pulse
             4.2.3.3 Scattered ultrasound
       4.2.4 Practical implications for ultrasonic testing
             on austenitic welds
             4.2.4.1 Defect location
             4.2.4.2 Amplitude assessment
5 Description of Equipment
   5.1 Introduction
   5.2 Flaw Detector, Cables and Matching
   5.3 Angled Longitudinal Wave Probes
       5.3.1 Introduction
       5.3.2 General properties
       5.3.3 Single crystal probes
       5.3.4 Twin crystal probes
       5.3.5 Surface wave probes
       5.3.6 Focussing probes
6 Calibration and Characterization
   6.1 Introduction
   6.2 Calibration Blocks
   6.3 Steps in Time Base Setting
   6.4 Probe Characterization Block
   6.5 Steps in Characterizing the Probes
       6.5.1 Introduction
       6.5.2 Probe index for angled longitudinal
             wave probes
       6.5.3 Distance amplitude curve, beam
             angle and beam width
             6.5.3.1 Distance amplitude curve
             6.5.3.2 Beam angle
             6.5.3.3 Beam width
             6.5.3.4 Amplitude behavior for different reflectors
                     (for TRL or Focussing Probes)
       6.5.4 Estimation of dominant frequency and bandwidth
       6.5.5 Dead zone and near field
       6.5.6 Nominal signal to noise ratio
7 Development of an Examination Procedure
   7.1 Outline of Activities
   7.2 Preparation of Preliminary Procedure
   7.3 Preparation of Reference Block
       7.3.1 General
       7.3.2 Artificial reflectors
   7.4 Selection of Probes
       7.4.1 Wave type
       7.4.2 Probe angle
       7.4.3 Frequency
       7.4.4 Type
       7.4.5 Size and geometry of probe and
             component
   7.5 Use of Reference Blocks to Establish
       DAC-Curves
   7.6 Sensitivity Setting
       7.6.1 Introduction
       7.6.2 Setting test sensitivity
       7.6.3 Recording level
       7.6.4 Acceptance criteria
   7.7 Preparation of Detailed Procedure
       7.7.1 Written procedure requirements
       7.7.2 General examination requirements
             7.7.2.1 Examination coverage
             7.7.2.2 Rate of probe movement
             7.7.2.3 Scanning sensitivity
   7.8 Assessment of Procedure and Documentation
8 Inspectability of the Component Compared to
   the Reference Block
   8.1 Introduction
   8.2 Surface Conditions
   8.3 Geometrical Conditions
   8.4 Comparison of Attenuation Between Reference
       Block and Component
   8.5 Signal to Noise Ratio
   8.6 Weld Repairs
9 Reporting and Evaluation
   9.1 Reporting
   9.2 Evaluation
   9.3 Additional Investigations
10 General Recommendations and Comments