1 - AS 1307.1-1986 SURGE ARRESTERS (DIVERTERS) - SILICON CARBIDE TYPE FOR AC SYSTEMS
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
6 - 1.1 SCOPE.
6 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.
6 - 1.3 SERVICE CONDITIONS.
6 - 1.3.1 Normal service conditions.
6 - 1.3.2 Special service conditions.
7 - SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS
7 - 2.1 APPLICATION.
7 - 2.2 ARRESTERS AND THEIR COMPONENT PARTS.
7 - 2.2.1 Surge arrester (surge diverter)
7 - 2.2.2 Silicon carbide gap-type arrester
7 - 2.2.3 Series gap
7 - 2.2.4 Non-linear silicon carbide series resistor
7 - 2.2.5 Section of an arrester
7 - 2.2.6 Unit of an arrester
7 - 2.2.7 Homogeneous series of arresters
7 - 2.2.8 Pressure-relief device
7 - 2.2.9 Arrester disconnector
7 - 2.3 ELECTRICAL TESTING.
7 - 2.3.1 Disruptive discharge
7 - 2.3.2 Puncture (breakdown)
7 - 2.3.3 Flashover
7 - 2.3.4 Sparkover
7 - 2.3.5 Impulse
7 - 2.3.6 Rectangular impulse
7 - 2.3.7 Peak value of an impulse
7 - 2.3.8 Front of an impulse
7 - 2.3.9 Tail of an impulse
7 - 2.3.10 Full-wave impulse
7 - 2.3.11 Chopped voltage impulse
8 - 2.3.12 Prospective peak value of chopped voltage impulse
8 - 2.3.13 Virtual origin of an impulse
8 - 2.3.14 Virtual front time of an impulse
8 - 2.3.15 Virtual steepness of the front of an impulse
8 - 2.3.16 Virtual time to half value of the tail of an impulse
8 - 2.3.17 Waveshape designation of an impulse
8 - 2.3.18 Standard lightning voltage impulse
8 - 2.3.19 Switching voltage impulse
8 - 2.3.20 Virtual duration of the peak of a rectangular impulse
8 - 2.3.21 Virtual total duration of a rectangular impulse
8 - 2.3.22 Peak value of opposite polarity of an impulse
8 - 2.3.23 Prospective current
8 - 2.4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
8 - 2.4.1 Discharge current
8 - 2.4.2 Nominal discharge current
8 - 2.4.3 Follow-current
8 - 2.4.4 Residual voltage (discharge voltage)
8 - 2.4.5 Power-frequency sparkover voltage
8 - 2.4.6 Impulse sparkover voltage
8 - 2.4.7 Front-of-wave impulse sparkover voltage
8 - 2.4.8 Standard lightning-impulse sparkover voltage
8 - 2.4.9 Time to sparkover
8 - 2.4.10 Impulse sparkover voltage/time curve
8 - 2.4.11 Impulse protective level
9 - 2.4.12 Rated impulse protective level
9 - 2.4.13 Earth fault factor
9 - 2.5 PROTECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS.
9 - 2.6 CLASSIFICATION OF TESTS.
9 - 2.6.1 Type tests
9 - 2.6.2 Routine tests
9 - 2.6.3 Acceptance tests
10 - SECTION 3. RATING AND MARKING
10 - 3.1 RATED ARRESTER VOLTAGE.
10 - 3.2 RATED CONTINUOUS OPERATING VOLTAGE
10 - 3.3 RATED FREQUENCY.
10 - 3.4 NOMINAL DISCHARGE CURRENT.
10 - 3.5 MARKING.
11 - SECTION 4. ARRESTER CLASSIFICATION AND TEST REQUIREMENTS
11 - 4.1 ARRESTER CLASSIFICATION.
11 - 4.2 TEST SAMPLES AND MEASUREMENTS.
11 - 4.3 TYPE TESTS.
11 - 4.4 ADDITIONAL TYPE TESTS.
11 - 4.5 ROUTINE TESTS.
11 - 4.6 ACCEPTANCE TESTS.
13 - SECTION 5. TESTS AND TEST PROCEDURES
13 - 5.1 POWER-FREQUENCY VOLTAGE TESTS.
13 - 5.1.1 General.
13 - 5.1.2 Power-frequency sparkover voltage tests (Test (a)).
13 - 5.2 IMPULSE-VOLTAGE TESTS.
13 - 5.2.1 General.
13 - 5.2.2 Standard lightning-impulse sparkover voltage test
14 - 5.2.3 Lightning-impulse sparkover voltage/time curve test
14 - 5.2.4 Front-of-wave impulse sparkover voltage test
14 - 5.2.5 Switching-impulse sparkover voltage/time curve test
15 - 5.3 RESIDUAL-VOLTAGE TEST (TEST (f)).
15 - 5.3.1 General.
16 - 5.3.2 Test procedure.
16 - 5.4 IMPULSE-CURRENT WITHSTAND TESTS.
16 - 5.4.1 General.
16 - 5.4.2 High-current impulse withstand test (Test (g))
17 - 5.4.3 Long-duration current-impulse test (Test (h)).
18 - 5.5 OPERATING-DUTY TEST (TEST (j)).
18 - 5.5.1 General.
19 - 5.5.2 Test procedure.
19 - 5.6 CONTINUOUS OPERATING-VOLTAGE (TEST (k)).
19 - 5.6.1 Purpose of test.
19 - 5.6.2 Test specimen.
20 - 5.6.3 Test chamber.
20 - 5.6.4 Test voltage.
20 - 5.6.5 Test procedure.
20 - 5.6.6 Test criteria.
20 - 5.7 PRESSURE-RELIEF TESTS (TEST (I)).
20 - 5.7.1 General.
21 - 5.7.2 High-current pressure-relief tests.
22 - 5.7.3 Low-current pressure-relief tests.
22 - 5.8 ARRESTER-SEAL LEAKAGE-RATE TEST (TEST (m)).
22 - 5.8.1 Application.
22 - 5.8.2 Test procedure.
22 - 5.8.3 Maximum leakage rates.
22 - 5.9 ACCELERATED AGEING TEST FOR ELASTOMERIC SEALS (TEST (n)).
22 - 5.9.1 General.
22 - 5.9.2 Verification of seal integrity.
22 - 5.9.3 Thermal cycling test.
23 - 5.9.4 Evaluation of results and test report.
23 - 5.10 TEST FOR RESISTANCE OF ARRESTER SEALS TO DAMAGE CAUSED BY OVER TIGHTENING OF TERMINALS (TEST (o)).
23 - 5.10.1 General.
23 - 5.10.2 Test procedure.
23 - 5.10.3 Evaluation of results and test report.
23 - 5.11 TESTS ON ARRESTER DISCONNECTOR (TEST (p)).
23 - 5.11.1 General.
23 - 5.11.2 Impulse-current and operating-duty withstand tests
24 - 5.11.3 Time current curve test.
24 - 5.11.4 Operation test.
25 - APPENDIX A - SPECIAL SERVICE CONDITIONS
26 - APPENDIX B - INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED BY PURCHASER WITH ENQUIRY AND ORDER
26 - B1 GENERAL.
26 - B2 SPECIAL CONDITIONS.
27 - APPENDIX C - APPLICATION GUIDE FOR SILICON CARBIDE TYPE ARRESTERS
27 - C1 SCOPE AND OBJECT.
27 - C2 CHARACTERISTIC DATA ON SURGE ARRESTERS.
27 - C2.1 General.
27 - C2.2 Rated voltage.
27 - C2.3 Continuous operating voltage.
28 - C2.4 Protective level of a surge arrester.
28 - C2.5 Nominal discharge current.
28 - C2.6 Long-duration discharge class.
28 - C2.7 Pressure-relief class and type.
28 - C2.8 Pollution withstand capability.
28 - C2.9 Live washing capability.
28 - C3 GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR SELECTION OF SURGE ARRESTERS.
29 - C4 BASIS FOR SELECTION OF SURGE ARRESTERS.
29 - C4.1 Rated voltage of phase-to-earth arresters.
36 - C4.2 Lightning-discharge current.
37 - C4.3 Withstand strength of the insulation to be protected.
37 - C4.4 Long duration discharge capability.
38 - C4.5 High current pressure-relief performance.
38 - C4.6 Insulation coordination.
38 - C5 SURGE ARRESTERS FOR SPECIAL APPLICATION.
38 - C5.1 Surge arresters for isolated and resonant earthed transformer neutrals.
39 - C5.2 Surge arresters between phases.
39 - C5.3 Surge arresters for cable systems.
40 - C5.4 Surge arresters for rotating machines.
40 - C5.5 Further special application of surge arresters.
41 - C6 CONNECTION OF THE SURGE ARRESTER TO THE TEST OBJECT.
41 - C6.1 General.
42 - C6.2 High voltage connection
42 - C6.3 Earth connection
42 - C7 PROTECTIVE RANGE.
42 - C7.1 General.
42 - C7.2 Probabilistic determination of the protective range.
42 - C7.3 Simplified determination of the protective range.
43 - C8 SUPERVISION AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS.
43 - C8.1 Supervision (monitoring).
43 - C8.2 Diagnostic tests.
43 - C9 SURGE ARRESTERS FOR A.C. SYSTEMS UP TO 1000 V.
43 - C9.1 General.
43 - C9.2 Earthing.
44 - C9.3 Protection.
44 - C9.4 Supervision.
45 - APPENDIX D - IMPULSE VOLTAGE AND CURRENT WAVESHAPES
48 - APPENDIX E - MEASUREMENT OF LEAKAGE CURRENT
49 - APPENDIX F - TYPICAL CIRCUIT FOR THE OPERATING-DUTY TEST (CLAUSE 5.5)
49 - F1 INTRODUCTION.
49 - F2 TEST PROCEDURE CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION.
51 - APPENDIX G - TYPICAL CIRCUIT FOR A DISTRIBUTED-CONSTANT IMPULSE GENERATOR FOR THE LONG- DURATION CURRENT- IMPULSE WITHSTAND T
52 - APPENDIX H - PROPOSALS FOR THE ARTIFICIAL- POLLUTION TESTING OF SURGE ARRESTERS
52 - H1 BASIC PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES.
52 - H2 PROPOSED TEST METHOD AND PROCEDURE.
57 - APPENDIX J - ITEMS SUBJECT TO AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PURCHASER AND THE MANUFACTURER
58 - ANNEX - SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL DEVIATIONS BETWEEN THIS STANDARD AND IEC 99- 1 AND 99- 1A