1 - AS 1375-1985 SAA INDUSTRIAL FUEL-FIRED APPLIANCES CODE
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - FOREWORD
9 - SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
9 - 1.1 SCOPE
9 - 1.2 APPLICATION
9 - 1.3 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS
9 - 1.4 INTERPRETATIONS
9 - 1.5 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
9 - 1.6 DEFINITIONS
9 - 1.6.1 Appliance
9 - 1.6.2 Appliance management system
9 - 1.6.3 Approval, approved
9 - 1.6.4 Authority
9 - 1.6.5 Burner management system
9 - 1.6.6 Chimney
9 - 1.6.7 Critical time
9 - 1.6.8 Dilution
9 - 1.6.9 Duct
9 - 1.6.10 Flame simulation
9 - 1.6.11 Flue
9 - 1.6.12 Fresh air
9 - 1.6.13 Installer
9 - 1.6.14 Interlock
9 - 1.6.15 Lockout
9 - 1.6.16 May
9 - 1.6.17 Power flue
9 - 1.6.18 Proved
10 - 1.6.19 Purging
10 - 1.6.20 Shall and should
10 - 1.6.21 Shutdown
10 - 1.6.22 Start-fuel rate
11 - SECTION 2. APPLIANCE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
11 - 2.1 GENERAL DESIGN
11 - 2.1.1 Appliance structure
11 - 2.1.2 Ladders or steps
11 - 2.1.3 Protection of equipment
11 - 2.1.4 Accumulation within cavity walls
11 - 2.1.5 Insulation
11 - 2.1.6 Ignition hazards
11 - 2.1.7 Strength of doors
11 - 2.1.8 Prevention of accidental fires
11 - 2.1.9 Free circulation
11 - 2.1.10 Adjusting devices
11 - 2.1.11 Air inlet guards
11 - 2.1.12 Systems for heating by hot fluids
11 - 2.1.13 Electrical equipment
11 - 2.1.14 Gas piping and components
11 - 2.2 MATERIALS
11 - 2.2.1 Suitability
11 - 2.2.2 Combustibility
12 - 2.3 SAFETY OF PERSONNEL
12 - 2.3.1 Working inside appliances
12 - 2.3.2 Door handles
12 - 2.3.3 Injury or burns
12 - 2.3.4 Projections
12 - 2.3.5 Explosion reliefs
12 - 2.4 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE PROVISIONS
12 - 2.4.1 Control equipment
12 - 2.4.2 Automatic appliance management systems
12 - 2.4.3 Manual functions
12 - 2.4.4 Visual flame checking provisions
12 - 2.4.5 Removable components
12 - 2.4.6 Special tools
12 - 2.4.7 Cleaning
12 - 2.4.8 Maintenance provisions
12 - 2.5 EXPLOSION DAMAGE PROTECTION
12 - 2.5.1 Provision of protection
13 - 2.5.2 Explosion relief operation
13 - 2.5.3 Explosion relief location
13 - 2.6 TEMPERATURE HAZARDS
13 - 2.6.1 Components, floors, walls
13 - 2.6.2 Power failure
13 - 2.7 INSTRUCTIONS
13 - 2.7.1 Instructions
14 - 2.7.2 Additional information
14 - 2.8 MARKING
14 - 2.8.1 Appliance data
14 - 2.8.2 Indicators, gauges, and controls
14 - 2.8.3 Emergency stops
14 - 2.8.4 Colour code
15 - SECTION 3. COMBUSTION SYSTEM
15 - 3.1 GENERAL
15 - 3.1.1 General suitability
15 - 3.1.2 Movable burners
15 - 3.1.3 Fuel remaining in burner
15 - 3.2 IGNITION SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION.
15 - 3.2.1 Location and fixing
15 - 3.2.2 Spark-ignition system
15 - 3.2.3 Manual ignition
15 - 3.2.4 Manual ignition equipment
15 - 3.3 SUPERVISION, CONTROL, AND SAFE PROCEDURES
15 - 3.3.1 General principles
16 - 3.3.2 Automatic systems
16 - 3.3.3 Manual systems
16 - 3.3.4 Interlocking controls
16 - 3.4 STARTING AND IGNITION
16 - 3.4.1 Ignition procedures
16 - 3.4.2 Performance
16 - 3.4.3 Attempted re-ignition
16 - 3.4.4 Ignition during purging
16 - 3.4.5 Multiple main burner appliances
16 - 3.4.6 Sequential ignition of multiple main burners
16 - 3.4.7 Simultaneous ignition of multiple main burners
17 - 3.5 FLAME FAILURE DURING OPERATION
17 - 3.5.1 Flame supervision and failure protection
17 - 3.5.2 Flame failure response time
17 - 3.5.3 Relighting after flame failure
17 - 3.5.4 Extraneous ignition sources
17 - 3.6 MULTIFUEL FIRING
17 - 3.6.1 Application
17 - 3.6.2 Alternative firing
17 - 3.6.3 Simultaneous firing
18 - 3.7 SHUTDOWN PROCEDURES
18 - 3.7.1 Safety
18 - 3.7.2 Normal shutdown
18 - 3.7.3 Abnormal shutdown
18 - 3.8 PURGING
18 - 3.8.1 When to purge
18 - 3.8.2 Method of purging
18 - 3.8.3 Completeness of purging
18 - 3.8.4 Manually controlled purging
18 - 3.8.5 Proof of purge air
18 - 3.8.6 Dampers
19 - SECTION 4. CONTROL OF NON-FUEL COMBUSTIBLE ATMOSPHERES
19 - 4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
19 - 4.2 PREVENTION OR RELIEF OF EXPLOSIONS
19 - 4.2.1 Explosion prevention
19 - 4.2.2 High concentration of volatiles
19 - 4.2.3 Explosion relief
19 - 4.3 AIR DILUTION AND PURGING
19 - 4.3.1 Method of providing dilution air
19 - 4.3.2 Dilution air quantities
19 - 4.3.3 Air distribution
19 - 4.3.4 Purging
19 - 4.4 VAPOUR AND DUST REMOVAL
19 - 4.4.1 Safe disposal
19 - 4.4.2 Incineration
19 - 4.4.3 Leakage of hazardous materials
20 - SECTION 5. INSTALLATION, COMMISSIONING, AND OPERATION
20 - 5.1 INSTALLERS RESPONSIBILITY
20 - 5.1.1 Instructions
20 - 5.1.2 Defective equipment
20 - 5.1.3 Suitability for fuel, electricity
20 - 5.2 STANDARDS FOR WORKMANSHIP AND GOOD PRACTICE
20 - 5.2.1 Materials
20 - 5.2.2 Finish
20 - 5.2.3 Connection of services
20 - 5.3 LOCATION AND ACCESS
20 - 5.3.1 Building safety
20 - 5.3.2 Building structures
20 - 5.3.3 Safety and convenience
20 - 5.3.4 Combustible materials
20 - 5.3.5 Clearance for explosion relief
20 - 5.3.6 Explosion relief protection
20 - 5.3.7 Appliance security
21 - 5.3.8 Gas vent discharge
21 - 5.3.9 Foundations, supports
21 - 5.3.10 Lighting
21 - 5.4 FRESH AIR SUPPLY
21 - 5.4.1 Air supply
21 - 5.4.2 Air entries
21 - 5.4.3 Fan failure
21 - 5.5 FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM
21 - 5.5.1 Fuel shut-off
21 - 5.5.2 Gas supply system
21 - 5.5.3 Oil fuel supply system
22 - 5.5.4 Solid fuel systems
22 - 5.6 COMMISSIONING
22 - 5.6.1 Commissioning agent
22 - 5.6.2 Information
22 - 5.6.3 Data and reports
23 - SECTION 6. FLUES (CHIMNEYS), EXHAUST
23 - 6.1 GENERAL
23 - 6.1.1 Removal of products of combustion
23 - 6.1.2 Provision of exhaust systems
23 - 6.1.3 Flues separate from exhausts
23 - 6.1.4 Common exhaust systems
23 - 6.1.5 Temperature hazards and comfort
23 - 6.1.6 Terminals for flues and exhaust ducts
23 - 6.2 FLUE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
23 - 6.2.1 Construction
23 - 6.2.2 Performance
23 - 6.2.3 Common flues
24 - 6.2.4 Power flues
24 - 6.3 FLUE SUPPORTS
24 - 6.3.1 Direct-mounted flues
24 - 6.3.2 Free-standing flues
24 - 6.3.3 Guys, stays, and supports
24 - 6.4 EARTHING
24 - 6.5 FLUE DAMPERS
24 - 6.5.1 Damper/fuel interlock
24 - 6.5.2 Damper settings
24 - 6.6 DUCTS
24 - 6.6.1 Construction
24 - 6.6.2 Joints
24 - 6.6.3 Cleaning
24 - 6.6.4 Condensation provisions
24 - 6.6.5 Dampers
25 - APPENDIX A - OPERATING DATA, SPECIAL PURPOSE OVENS
26 - APPENDIX B - REGULAR TESTING OF SAFETY DEVICES AND PROCEDURES
26 - B1 REGULAR TESTING
26 - B2 PERSONNEL, ORGANIZATION.
26 - B3 GENERAL OUTLINE OF PROCEDURES
26 - B4 TYPICAL TESTING SCHEDULES
29 - APPENDIX C - TYPICAL IGNITION PROCEDURES
31 - APPENDIX D - CRITICAL ENERGY AND CRITICAL TIME
31 - D1 INTRODUCTION
32 - D2 SYMBOLS
33 - D3 CALCULATING THE CRITICAL TIME, CASE A
33 - D4 DERIVATION OF FORMULAS, CASE A
33 - D5 CALCULATING THE CRITICAL TIME, CASE B
33 - D6 DERIVATION OF FORMULA, CASE B
35 - APPENDIX E - RELIEF OF EXPLOSIONS
35 - E1 INTRODUCTION
36 - E2 OUTLINE OF DESIGN PROCEDURE
36 - E3 SYMBOLS
37 - E4 DETERMINATION OF MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE
37 - E4.1 Objective
37 - E4.2 Determination of strength
37 - E5 DETERMINATION OF RELIEF VENT AREA
38 - E6 DETERMINATION OF THE OPENING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELIEF VENT CLOSURE
38 - E6.1 Introduction
38 - E6.2 Mass-gravity closure
39 - E6.3 Hinged panels
39 - E6.4 Closure that bursts to relieve pressure
39 - E6.5 Spring-loaded panels
39 - E6.6 Panels held in place by magnets or spring catches
39 - E7 LOCATION OF RELIEF VENTS ON APPLIANCES
39 - REFERENCES
41 - APPENDIX F - DILUTION
41 - F1 INTRODUCTION
41 - F2 CALCULATION OF DILUTION AIRFLOW RATE
41 - F3 DETERMINATION OF V
41 - F4 DETERMINATION OF A
42 - F5 DETERMINATION OF VA
42 - F5.1 General
42 - F5.2 Calculation when either V or A is unknown
42 - F5.3 Calculation for mixed solvents
42 - F6 DETERMINATION OF C
42 - F7 DETERMINATION OF Q
42 - F7.1 Continuous process oven
42 - F7.2 Batch process ovens
43 - F8 DETERMINATION OF F
43 - F9 EXAMPLES OF CALCULATIONS
43 - F9.1 Continuous oven
43 - F9.2 Batch oven, below 120°C
43 - F9.3 Batch oven, above 120°C
45 - APPENDIX G - CHARACTERISTICS DATA
50 - APPENDIX H - MODEL COMMISSIONING PROCEDURE
50 - H1 SCOPE
50 - H2 STAGE 1: PRELIMINARY INSPECTION
50 - H3 STAGE 2: ACTIVATION-RUN WITHOUT FUEL
50 - H4 STAGE 3: ACTIVATION-RUN WITH FUEL
51 - H5 STAGE 4: OPERATION
51 - H6 STAGE 5: COMPLETION
52 - ANNEX - LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS