1 - AS 2858-2004 TIMBER-SOFTWOOD-VISUALLY GRADED FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
6 - 1.1 SCOPE
6 - 1.2 APPLICATION
6 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 1.4 TIMBER SPECIES AND STRESS GRADES
7 - 1.5 GRADES
7 - 1.5.1 Structural grades of softwood (excluding cypress and hoop)
8 - 1.5.2 Grades of structural cypress
8 - 1.5.3 Grades of structural hoop
8 - 1.6 DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.6.1 Check
8 - 1.6.2 Check, internal
9 - 1.6.3 Compression failure
9 - 1.6.4 Exceptionally low density material
9 - 1.6.5 Growth rings within 50 mm of the centre of the pith
9 - 1.6.6 Knot (hoop only)
9 - 1.6.7 Knot, arris (cypress only)
9 - 1.6.8 Knot cluster
9 - 1.6.9 Knot, edge
9 - 1.6.10 Knot, face
9 - 1.6.11 Knot group
9 - 1.6.12 Knot, other (all species except cypress and hoop)
10 - 1.6.13 Knot, through (cypress only)
10 - 1.6.14 Knot-area ratio (KAR)
10 - 1.6.15 Mixed species
10 - 1.6.16 Parcel
10 - 1.6.17 Occluded branch stub
10 - 1.6.18 Shake
10 - 1.6.19 Sized
10 - 1.6.20 Species mixture
10 - 1.6.21 Stress grading, visual
11 - 1.6.22 Surface
11 - 1.6.23 Termite galley
11 - 1.7 SIZES AND TOLERANCES
11 - 1.7.1 Dimensions
12 - 1.7.2 Squareness
12 - 1.8 MOISTURE CONTENT
12 - 1.8.1 Testing
12 - 1.8.2 At time of production
12 - 1.8.3 At other times
12 - 1.9 CHARACTERISTICS
12 - 1.9.1 Measurement of characteristics
12 - 1.9.2 Combination of characteristics
14 - 1.9.3 Characteristics occurring entirely within the prescribed limits for want and wane
14 - 1.9.4 Mechanical damage
14 - 1.10 GRADE LIMITATION AND GRADING
14 - 1.10.1 Basis
14 - 1.10.2 Limitations
14 - 1.10.3 Variations in assessment
15 - 1.10.4 Resawing
15 - 1.10.5 Grading check
15 - 1.10.6 Moisture content of preservative-treated timber
15 - 1.10.7 Docking of multiple lengths
15 - 1.11 PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT
16 - 1.12 IDENTIFICATION OF GRADE
17 - SECTION 2 GRADE DESCRIPTIONS (EXCLUDING CYPRESS AND HOOP)
17 - 2.1 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 1
17 - 2.1.1 General
17 - 2.1.2 Permissible characteristics
18 - 2.2 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 2
18 - 2.2.1 General
18 - 2.2.2 Permissible characteristics
20 - 2.3 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 3
20 - 2.3.1 General
20 - 2.3.2 Permissible characteristics
22 - 2.4 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 4
22 - 2.4.1 General
22 - 2.4.2 Permissible characteristics
24 - 2.5 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 5
24 - 2.5.1 General
24 - 2.5.2 Permissible characteristics
26 - 2.6 HEART-IN STUD GRADE (seasoned pinus species only)
26 - 2.6.1 General
26 - 2.6.2 Permissible characteristics
27 - 2.7 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES
28 - SECTION 3 GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR CYPRESS
28 - 3.1 GENERAL
28 - 3.2 STRESS GRADE F7
28 - 3.2.1 General
28 - 3.2.2 Permissible characteristics
30 - 3.3 STRESS GRADE F5
30 - 3.3.1 General
30 - 3.3.2 Permissible characteristics
32 - 3.4 STRESS GRADE F4
32 - 3.4.1 General
32 - 3.4.2 Permissible characteristics
33 - 3.5 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES
34 - SECTION 4 GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR HOOP
34 - 4.1 GENERAL
34 - 4.2 STRESS GRADE F8
34 - 4.2.1 General
34 - 4.2.2 Permissible characteristics
36 - 4.3 STRESS GRADE F7
36 - 4.3.1 General
36 - 4.3.2 Permissible characteristics
38 - 4.4 STRESS GRADE F5
38 - 4.4.1 General
38 - 4.4.2 Permissible characteristics
39 - 4.5 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES
40 - APPENDIX A - STRESS GRADES, STRENGTH GROUPS AND PROPERTIES OF SOFTWOODS
40 - A1 PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL TIMBERS
45 - APPENDIX B - STRENGTH GROUPS, STRUCTURAL GRADES AND STRESS GRADES OF TIMBER
47 - APPENDIX C - MEASUREMENT OF CHARACTERISTICS
47 - ¿C1 KNOTS, KNOT HOLES, CONE HOLES, HOLES OTHER THAN THOSE CAUSED BY INSECTS AND OCCLUDED BRANCH STUBS ¿OTHER THAN FOR...
55 - C2 HEART-IN STUD GRADE
56 - C3 BORER HOLES
57 - C4 SLOPE OF GRAIN
58 - C5 GROWTH RINGS AND PITH
60 - C6 RESIN POCKETS, BARK POCKETS, OVERGROWTHS OF INJURY
60 - C7 CHECKS
61 - C8 WANE AND WANT
61 - C9 BOW AND SPRING
63 - C10 TWIST
64 - C11 CUP
65 - APPENDIX D - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS (EXCLUDING CYPRESS AND HOOP)
70 - APPENDIX E - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR CYPRESS
73 - APPENDIX F - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR HOOP