Standard Guide for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Selection and Optimization of Sampling Design

Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Language(s)

English

Published date

03-04-2022

Publisher

American Society for Testing and Materials

1.1This document provides practical guidance on the selection and optimization of sample designs in waste management sampling activities, within the context of the requirements established by the data quality objectives or other planning process.

1.2This document (1) provides guidance for selection of sampling designs; (2) outlines techniques to optimize candidate designs; and (3) describes the variables that need to be balanced in choosing the final optimized design.

1.3The contents of this guide are arranged by section as follows:

1.	Scope

2.	Referenced Documents

3.	Terminology

4.	Significance and Use

5.	Summary of Guide

6.	Factors Affecting Sampling Design Selection
	6.1	Sampling Design Performance Characteristics
	6.2	Regulatory Considerations
	6.3	Project Objectives
	6.4	Knowledge of the Site
	6.5	Physical Sample Issues
	6.6	Communication with the Laboratory
	6.7	Analytical Turn Around Time
	6.8	Analytical Method Constraints
	6.9	Health and Safety
	6.10	Budget/Cost Considerations
	6.11	Representativeness

7.	Initial Design Selection
8.	Optimization Criteria
9.	Optimization Process
	9.2	Practical Evaluation of Design Alternatives
	9.3	Statistical and Cost Evaluation

10.	Final Selection

	Annex A1	Types of Sampling Designs
	A1.1	Commonly Used Sampling Designs
	A1.2	Sampling Design Tools
	A1.3	Combination Sample Designs

Appendix X1. Additional References

Appendix X2. Choosing Analytical Method Based on Variance and Cost

Appendix X3. Calculating the Number of Samples: A Statistical Treatment

1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.5This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Committee	D 34
DocumentType	Guide
Pages	25
PublisherName	American Society for Testing and Materials
Status	Current
Supersedes	ASTM D 6311 : 1998 : R2014

ASTM D 5792 : 2010 : R2015	Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Development of Data Quality Objectives
ASTM D 6759 : 2016	Standard Practice for Sampling Liquids Using Grab and Discrete Depth Samplers
ASTM D 7758 : 2017	Standard Practice for Passive Soil Gas Sampling in the Vadose Zone for Source Identification, Spatial Variability Assessment, Monitoring, and Vapor Intrusion Evaluations
ASTM D 5681 : 2020	Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
ASTM D 6982 : 2009 : R2016	Standard Practice for Detecting Hot Spots Using Point-Net (Grid) Search Patterns
ASTM D 7353 : 2021	Standard Practice for Sampling of Liquids in Waste Management Activities Using a Peristaltic Pump
ASTM D 7204 : 2015	Standard Practice for Sampling Waste Streams on Conveyors
ASTM D 6538 : 2012 : R2019	Standard Guide for Sampling Wastewater With Automatic Samplers
ASTM D 5680 : 2014	Standard Practice for Sampling Unconsolidated Solids in Drums or Similar Containers
ASTM D 6956 : 2017	Standard Guide for Demonstrating and Assessing Whether a Chemical Analytical Measurement System Provides Analytical Results Consistent with Their Intended Use

ASTM E 135 : 2023	Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
ASTM D 6051 : 2015 : R2023	Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
ASTM E 135 : 2021 : REV A	Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
ASTM E 135 : 2023 : REV A	Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
ASTM D 6051 : 2015	Standard Guide for Composite Sampling and Field Subsampling for Environmental Waste Management Activities
ASTM E 135 : 2022 : REV B	Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
ASTM E 943 : 2023	Standard Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate
ASTM E 135 : 2022 : REV A	Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
ASTM E 943 : 2008 : R2014	Standard Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate (Withdrawn 2023)
ASTM E 135 : 2022	Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials