ASTM D 6681 : 2023
Current
The latest, up-to-date edition.
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
Hardcopy , PDF
English
07-10-2023
1.1This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).
1.4The following is the Table of Contents:
| Section | |
| Scope | 1 |
| Referenced Documents | 2 |
| Terminology | 3 |
| Summary of Test Method | 4 |
| Significance and Use | 5 |
| Apparatus and Installation | 6 |
| Intake Air System | 6.2.1 |
| Exhaust System | 6.2.2 |
| Fuel System | 6.2.3 |
| Oil Consumption System | 6.2.4 |
| Engine Oil System | 6.2.5 |
| Oil Heating System | 6.2.5.1 |
| Oil Sample Valve | 6.2.5.2 |
| Engine Coolant System | 6.2.6 |
| Engine Instrumentation | 6.2.7 |
| Reagents and Materials | 7 |
| Oil Samples | 8 |
| Preparation of Apparatus | 9 |
| General Engine Assembly Practices | 9.1 |
| Complete Engine Inspection | 9.2 |
| Copper Components | 9.3 |
| Engine Lubricant System Flush | 9.4 |
| Engine Piston Cooling Jets | 9.5 |
| Engine Measurements and Inspections | 9.6 |
| Cylinder Head | 9.7 |
| Valve Guide Bushings | 9.8 |
| Fuel Injector | 9.9 |
| Piston and Rings | 9.10 |
| Cylinder Liner | 9.11 |
| Compression Ratio | 9.12 |
| Engine Timing | 9.13 |
| Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure | 9.14 |
| Calibration and Standardization | 10 |
| Test Cell Instrumentation | 10.1 |
| Instrumentation Standards | 10.2 |
| Coolant Flow | 10.3 |
| Re-calibration Requirements | 10.4 |
| Fuel Injectors | 10.5 |
| Air Flow | 10.6 |
| Intake Air Barrel | 10.7 |
| Fuel Filter | 10.8 |
| Oil Scale Flow Rates | 10.9 |
| Calibration of Test Stands | 10.10 |
| Extending Test Stand Calibration Period | 10.11 |
| Test Run Numbering | 10.13 |
| Humidity Calibration Requirements | 10.14 |
| Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters | 10.15 |
| Procedure | 11 |
| Engine Break-in Procedure | 11.1 |
| Cool-down Procedure | 11.2 |
| Warm-up Procedure | 11.3 |
| Shutdowns and Lost Time | 11.4 |
| Periodic Measurements | 11.5 |
| Engine Control Systems | 11.6 |
| Engine Coolant | 11.6.1 |
| Engine Fuel System | 11.6.2 |
| Engine Oil Temperature | 11.6.3 |
| Exhaust Pressure | 11.6.4 |
| Intake Air | 11.6.5 |
| Post-Test Procedures | 11.7 |
| Piston Ring Side Clearances | 11.7.1 |
| Piston Ratings | 11.7.2 |
| Referee Ratings | 11.7.3 |
| Ring End Gap Increase | 11.7.4 |
| Cylinder Liner Wear | 11.7.5 |
| Cylinder Liner Bore Polish | 11.7.6 |
| Photographs | 11.7.7 |
| Calculation and Interpretation of Results | 12 |
| Test Validity | 12.1 |
| Calculations | 12.2 |
| Quality Index | 12.2.1 |
| Oil Consumption | 12.2.2 |
| Report | 13 |
| Forms and Data Dictionary | 13.1 |
| Test Validity | 13.2 |
| Report Specifics | 13.3 |
| Precision and Bias | 14 |
| Precision | 14.1 |
| Bias | 14.1.4 |
| Keywords | 15 |
| Annexes | |
| Engine and Parts Warranty | Annex A1 |
| Instrument Locations, Measurements, and Calculations | Annex A2 |
| Cooling System Arrangement | Annex A3 |
| Intake Air Mass Flow Sensor Installation | Annex A4 |
| Fuel System Design and Required Components | Annex A5 |
| Oil System | Annex A6 |
| Exhaust and Intake Barrel Piping | Annex A7 |
| Humidity Probe Installation (Location) | Annex A8 |
| Return Goods Authorization (Claim Form) | Annex A9 |
| Engine Assembly Information | Annex A10 |
| Flushing Instructions and Apparatus | Annex A11 |
| Warm-up, Cool-down and Testing Conditions | Annex A12 |
| Piston and Liner Rating Modifications | Annex A13 |
| Additional Report Forms | Annex A14 |
| Test Report Forms | Annex A15 |
| Appendixes | |
| Various Examples for Reference Purposes | Appendix X1 |
| Safety | Appendix X2 |
1.5This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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