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ASTM E 1391 : 2003

Superseded
Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

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superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

Standard Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and for Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Invertebrates
Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Superseded date

11-11-2014

Language(s)

English

Published date

11-10-2003

CONTAINED IN VOL. 11.06, 2017 Defines procedures for obtaining, storing, characterizing, and manipulating marine, estuarine, and freshwater sediments, for use in laboratory sediment toxicity evaluations and describes samplers that can be used to collect sediment and benthic invertebrates.

1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining, storing, characterizing, and manipulating marine, estuarine, and freshwater sediments, for use in laboratory sediment toxicity evaluations and describes samplers that can be used to collect sediment and benthic invertebrates (). This standard is not meant to provide detailed guidance for all aspects of sediment assessments, such as chemical analyses or monitoring, geophysical characterization, or extractable phase and fractionation analyses. However, some of this information might have applications for some of these activities. A variety of methods are reviewed in this guide. A statement on the consensus approach then follows this review of the methods. This consensus approach has been included in order to foster consistency among studies. It is anticipated that recommended methods and this guide will be updated routinely to reflect progress in our understanding of sediments and how to best study them. This version of the standard is based primarily on a document developed by USEPA (2001 (1)) and by Environment Canada (1994 ()) as well as an earlier version of this standard.

1.2 Protecting sediment quality is an important part of restoring and maintaining the biological integrity of our natural resources as well as protecting aquatic life, wildlife, and human health. Sediment is an integral component of aquatic ecosystems, providing habitat, feeding, spawning, and rearing areas for many aquatic organisms (MacDonald and Ingersoll 2002a,b (3)(4)). Sediment also serves as a reservoir for contaminants in sediment and therefore a potential source of contaminants to the water column, organisms, and ultimately human consumers of those organisms. These contaminants can arise from a number of sources, including municipal and industrial discharges, urban and agricultural runoff, atmospheric deposition, and port operations.

1.3 Contaminated sediment can cause lethal and sublethal effects in benthic (sediment-dwelling) and other sediment-associated organisms. In addition, natural and human disturbances can release contaminants to the overlying water, where pelagic (water column) organisms can be exposed. Sediment-associated contaminants can reduce or eliminate species of recreational, commercial, or ecological importance, either through direct effects or by affecting the food supply that sustainable populations require. Furthermore, some contaminants in sediment can bioaccumulate through the food chain and pose health risks to wildlife and human consumers even when sediment-dwelling organisms are not themselves impacted (Test Method E 1706).

1.4 There are several regulatory guidance documents concerned with sediment collection and characterization procedures that might be important for individuals performing federal or state agency-related work. Discussion of some of the principles and current thoughts on these approaches can be found in Dickson, et al. Ingersoll et al. (1997 ()), and Wenning and Ingersoll (2002 ()).

1.5 This guide is arranged as follows:

Section
Scope
Referenced Documents
Terminology
Summary of Guide
Significance and Use
Interferences
Apparatus
Safety Hazards
Sediment Monitoring and Assessment Plans
Collection of Whole Sediment Samples
Field Sample Processing, Transport, and Storage of Sediments
Sample Manipulations
Collection of Interstitial Water
Physico-chemical Characterization of Sediment Samples
Quality Assurance
Report
Keywords
Description of Samplers Used to Collect Sediment or Benthic Invertebrates

1.6 Field-collected sediments might contain potentially toxic materials and should thus be treated with caution to minimize occupational exposure to workers. Worker safety must also be considered when working with spiked sediments containing various organic, inorganic, or radiolabeled contaminants, or some combination thereof. Careful consideration should be given to those chemicals that might biodegrade, volatilize, oxidize, or photolyze during the exposure.

1.7 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.

Committee
E 47
DevelopmentNote
Supersedes ASTM D 4343, ASTM D 4344, ASTM D 4345 and ASTM D 4347. (10/2003) Supersedes ASTM D 4557, ASTM D 4558, ASTM E 1468, ASTM E 1469, ASTM D 4342, ASTM D 4348, ASTM D 4387, ASTM D 4401, ASTM D 4407 and ASTM D 4556. (11/2003) Supersedes ASTM D 4346. (07/2004)
DocumentType
Guide
Pages
93
ProductNote
Reconfirmed 2003
PublisherName
American Society for Testing and Materials
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes

ASTM E 3163 : 2018 Standard Guide for Selection and Application of Analytical Methods and Procedures Used during Sediment Corrective Action
ASTM E 2591 : 2007 : R2013 Standard Guide for Conducting Whole Sediment Toxicity Tests with Amphibians
ASTM E 2455 : 2006 : R2013 Standard Guide for Conducting Laboratory Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Mussels (Withdrawn 2022)
ASTM E 2590 : 2015 Standard Guide for Conducting Hazard Analysis-Critical Control Point (HACCP) Evaluations
ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2014 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates
ASTM E 2122 : 2002 : R2013 Standard Guide for Conducting In-situ Field Bioassays With Caged Bivalves (Withdrawn 2022)
ASTM E 1439 : 2012 : R2019 Standard Guide for Conducting the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX)
ASTM E 1688 : 2010 : R2016 Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates
ASTM E 1563 : 1998 : R2012 Standard Guide for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests with Echinoid Embryos
ASTM E 1525 : 2002 : R2014 Standard Guide for Designing Biological Tests with Sediments
ASTM D 6232 : 2016 Standard Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities
ASTM E 3164 : 2018 Standard Guide for Sediment Corrective Action – Monitoring
ASTM E 724 : 1998 : R2012 Standard Guide for<brk type="line"/> Conducting Static Acute Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs
ASTM E 1841 : 2004 : R2012 Standard Guide for Conducting Renewal Phytotoxicity Tests With Freshwater Emergent Macrophytes (Withdrawn 2021)
ASTM E 1706 : 2019 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates
ASTM E 1611 : 2000 : R2013 Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids
ASTM E 1849 : 1996 : R2013 Standard Guide for Fish and Wildlife Incident Monitoring and Reporting (Withdrawn 2022)
ASTM E 2020 : 2016 Standard Guide for Data and Information Options for Conducting an Ecological Risk Assessment at Contaminated Sites

ASTM D 1129 : 2013 : REDLINE Standard Terminology Relating to Water
ASTM D 1426 : 2015 : REDLINE Standard Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water
IEEE/ASTM SI_10-2010 American National Standard for Metric Practice
ASTM D 3976 : 1992 PRACTICE FOR PREPARATION OF SEDIMENT SAMPLES FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
ASTM D 4387 : 2002 Standard Guide for Selecting Grab Sampling Devices for Collecitng Benthic Macroinvertebrates (Withdrawn 2003)
ASTM D 1067 : 2016 : REDLINE Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
ASTM E 729 : 1996 Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians

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