AWWA C403 : 2005

Foreword
I Introduction
I.A Background
I.B History
I.C Acceptance
II Special Issues
II.A General
II.B Type of Pipe
III Use of This Standard
III.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives
III.B Modification to Standard
IV Major Revisions
V Comments
Standard
1 General
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Application
2 References
3 Definitions, Symbols, and Abbreviations
4 Requirements
4.1 Permeation
4.2 Pressure Classes
4.3 Installation
4.4 General Design
4.5 External Loads
4.6 Hydrostatic Pressure
4.7 Design Criteria and Use of Pipe
        Selection Charts
5 Verification
6 Delivery
Appendixes
A Friction Loss of Head Chart - Coefficient of
        Flow, C = 140
B Surge Pressure Analysis
B.1 Water Hammer or Surge
B.2 Water Hammer Analysis
B.3 Valve Closure
B.4 Pumped Systems
B.5 Methods of Control
B.6 Surge Calculation Example
B.7 Air in Pipelines
C Frictional Power Requirements
Figures
1 Classes of bedding for conduits in trench
2 Load pressure curve
3 Assembly for three-edge, vee-shaped crushing
        strength test
4 Classification of construction techniques
5 Values of Cd for trench conditions
6 Embankment conditions
7 Values of Cc for positive projecting pipe
8 Values of Bd/Bc at which the trench and positive
        projecting pipe equations give equal loads
9 Values of Cn for negative projecting pipe and
        imperfect ditch conditions
10A Positive projecting pipe projection ratio = x/Bc
10B Negative projecting pipe projection ratio = x/Bd
11 Projection ratio p' for the imperfect trench
        embankment condition
12 Values of CT for tunnel conditions
13 Superimposed loads
14A Combined loading curves for 18-in. transmission
        pipe
14B Combined loading curves for 20-in. transmission
        pipe
14C Combined loading curves for 21-in. transmission
        pipe
14D Combined loading curves for 24-in. transmission
        pipe
14E Combined loading curves for 27-in. transmission
        pipe
14F Combined loading curves for 30-in. transmission
        pipe
14G Combined loading curves for 33-in. transmission
        pipe
14H Combined loading curves for 36-in. transmission
        pipe
14I Combined loading curves for 39-in. transmission
        pipe
14J Combined loading curves for 42-in. transmission
        pipe
14A(m) Combined loading curves for 450-mm transmission
        pipe
14B(m) Combined loading curves for 500-mm transmission
        pipe
14C(m) Combined loading curves for 525-mm transmission
        pipe
14D(m) Combined loading curves for 600-mm transmission
        pipe
14E(m) Combined loading curves for 675-mm transmission
        pipe
14F(m) Combined loading curves for 750-mm transmission
        pipe
14G(m) Combined loading curves for 825-mm transmission
        pipe
14H(m) Combined loading curves for 900-mm transmission
        pipe
14I(m) Combined loading curves for 975-mm transmission
        pipe
14J(m) Combined loading curves for 1,050-mm transmission
        pipe
A.1 Friction loss of head chart -
        Coefficient of flow, C = 140
B.1 Time (TE) = Effective for full cut off uniformly
        at maximum rate
C.1 Yearly power cost to compensate for friction
        loss of head
Tables
F.1 Asbestos-cement pipe type recommended for
        internal water aggressiveness
F.2 Agressiveness of nonsulfate acidic soils to
        asbestos-cement pipe
F.3 Chemical resistance of asbestos-cement pipe to
        nonacid (pH > or = to 7.0) soluble sulfates in
        water and soils
F.4 Sulfate aggressiveness in water and soil
1 Earth loads (lb/lin ft)
2 Recommended safe design values of c for tunnel
        conditions
3 Impact factors F
4 Values of load coefficients Cs for concentrated
        superimposed loads centered vertically over
        conduit
5 Concentrated superimposed wheel load L (measured
        in lb/ft [kN/m]) on asbestos-cement transmission
        pipe - single wheel = 16,000 lb (7,250 kg)
6 Design internal pressure and design external
        load intercepts for use with selection curves
        for transmission pipe
7 Minimum safety factors for use with asbestos-
        cement transmission pipe selection
C.1 Present worth of an income of $1.00 per year for
        the next N years