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RECOMMENDATION FOR DATA ON SHIELDING FROM IONIZING RADIATION - SHIELDING FROM X-RADIATION
Publisher: British Standards Institution
Published: 01-01-1971
Available Formats: PDF - English, Hardcopy - English More Info on product formats
Co-operating organizationsForewordSection one: Introduction1 General2 X-rays 10 kV to 500 kV3 X-rays 500 kV to 35 MVSection two: Data sheets and broad beam transmission graphsA Scattered radiationB Leakage radiationC BremssstrahlungD Secondary sourcesE Design considerationsF ReferencesG DefinitionsTables1 Lead equivalents of various materials for narrow- beam pulsating potential X-rays2 Exposure rates outside an open-topped room as fraction of beam output (40 degree primary beam pointed directly upward; target height 80 cm)3 Exposure rates outside an open-topped room as fraction of beam output (40 degree primary beam pointed directly downward; target height 200 cm)4 Factors by which Table 3 values must be multiplied for different wall heights5 Energy of scattered X-rays6 Half-value thicknesses and tenth-value thicknesses for heavily filtered radiation7 Total spectral distribution of bremsstrahlung produced in lead for a range of primary beta energies8 Threshold photon energy for photoneutron production9 Half-lives and activities of nuclei produced by (gamma,n) reaction10 Activation of targets by fast neutronsFigures1 X-ray output 4 kV to 50 kV pulsating potential2 X-ray output 5 kV to 50 kV constant potential3 X-ray output 50 kV to 200 kV constant potential4 X-ray output 200 kV to 500 kV constant potential5 X-ray output 0.2 MV to 3 MV constant potential6 X-ray output 2 MV to 35 MV constant potential7a Transmission of 10 kV to 50 kV constant potential X-rays through aluminium7b Transmission of 10 kV to 50 kV constant potential X-rays through mild steel7c Transmission of 10 kV to 50 kV constant potential X-rays through sheet glass7d Transmission of 10 kV to 50 kV constant potential X-rays through Perspex7e Transmission of 10 kV to 50 kV constant potential X-rays through wood7f Transmission of 20 kV to 50 kV constant potential X-rays through brass7g Transmission of 20 kV to 40 kV X-rays through lead (shown in tabular form only)8 Transmission of 50 kV to 300 kV pulsating potential X-rays through concrete9 Transmission of 50 kV to 200 kV pulsating potential X-rays through lead10 Transmission of 250 kV and 300 kV pulsating potential X-rays through lead11 Transmission of 50 kV to 200 kV constant potential X-rays through lead12 Transmission of 250 kV to 400 kV constant potential X-rays through lead13 Transmission of 300 kV and 400 kV constant potential X-rays through concrete14 Transmission of 0.5 MV to 3.0 MV constant potential X-rays through concrete15 Transmission of 0.5 MV to 2.0 MV constant potential X-rays through lead16 Transmission of 4 MV to 38 MV constant potential X-rays through concrete17 Variation of percentage scatter with irradiated area for moderate energy X-rays18 Variation of percentage scatter with energy for: a Building materials b Metals c Low atomic number materials19 Scattering patterns of X-ray and gamma ray beams normally incident on a concrete shield20 Diagram of hooded anode tube and housing21 Transmission of hydrogen-3 bremsstrahlung through barriers of aluminium and steel22 Transmission of promethium-147/aluminium bremsstrahlung through lead and iron23 Transmission of krypton-85/carbon bremsstrahlung through a lead barrier24 Transmission of strontium-90 and yttrium-90/ aluminium bremsstrahlung through a lead barrier25 Neutron production cross section for gold26a Photoneutron production from a semi-infinite electron target26b Photoneutron production from an X-ray target and bremsstrahlung beam stopper27 Neutron yield from targets as in Fig. 26a and 26b28 Neutron yield from targets irradiated with 18 MeV and 22 MeV bremsstrahlung29a Lead shield abutments with concrete shield29b Lead shield abutments with concrete shield30 Abutments of a shield on a floor31 Fixing lead sheet to an existing wall32 Packed screw in lead shield33 Shield box for pipe or cable run34 Examples of joint in shield panels35 Typical design of sliding door using with 250 kVp X-ray set36 Illustration of thick door in form of removable stepped plug37 Lead glass window for a high energy unit
Deals in detail with calculation of shielding barriers. Also deals with scattered and leakage radiation, bremsstrahlung, secondary sources, design, references and meanings.
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