0 Introduction
1 Scope
2 References
3 Definitions
  3.1 Tunnel related zones
  3.2 Lighting
  3.3 Luminances, illuminances
  3.4 Traffic related concepts
4 General aspects of tunnel lighting
  4.1 Tunnel conditions
       4.1.1 Stopping Distance
       4.1.2 Tunnel Lighting Requirements
       4.1.3 Traffic composition
       4.1.4 Road and Tunnel conditions
  4.2 Distinction between long and short tunnels
  4.3 Lighting systems and contrast rendition methods
       4.3.1 Artificial lighting systems
       4.3.2 Screened daylight systems
  4.4 Aspects common to the various design methods
       4.4.1 Flicker
       4.4.2 Glare restriction
       4.4.3 Lighting control
       4.4.4 Maintenance
5 Lighting of long tunnels
6 Artificial lighting of short tunnels and underpasses
7 Emergency lighting
8 Traffic signals
9 Measurement of tunnel lighting installations
   9.1 Quality numbers for tunnel lighting installations
   9.2 Measuring fields
   9.3 Instruments and methods
        9.3.1 General
        9.3.2 Illumination measurements
        9.3.3 Luminance measurements with
               spot-luminancemeter
        9.3.4 Reflection measurements
ANNEXE A1 - L20 METHODOLOGY
        A.1.1 Luminance level in the threshold zone
        A.1.2 Length of the threshold zone
        A.1.3 Lighting requirements for the transition
               zone
        A.1.4 Lighting of the interior zone
        A.1.5 Lighting of the walls
        A.1.6 Uniformity of the road surface luminance
        A.1.7 Lighting of the exit zone
        A.1.8 Night time lighting
        A.1.9 Glare and flicker
        A.1.10 Determination of the luminance in the
               access zone
ANNEXE A2 - TRAFFIC WEIGHTED L20 METHOD
        A.2.1 The determination of the tunnel class
        A.2.2 The lighting of the threshold zone of long
               tunnels
        A.2.3 The length of the threshold and transition
               zone
        A.2.4 The road surface luminance of the interior
               zone
        A.2.5 The exit zone
        A.2.6 Non-uniformity of the luminance
        A.2.7 The lighting of the tunnel walls
        A.2.8 Glare restriction
        A.2.9 Restriction of the flicker
        A.2.10 Night-time lighting
ANNEXE A3 - VEILING LUMINANCE METHOD AS USED IN THE
            NETHERLANDS
        A.3.1 Introduction
        A.3.2 The determination of the required
               contrast in the threshold zone of a
               long tunnel
        A.3.3 The veiling luminance L[v]
ANNEXE A4 - THE SPACE AND ADAPTATION METHOD AS USED IN
            France
        A.4.1 The principle of the method
        A.4.2 The luminaire adaptation
        A.4.3 The space adaptation
        A.4.4 The time adaptation
        A.4.5 Characterising the lighting installation
        A.4.6 Calculating road luminance
        A.4.7 Algorithm of LCR calculations
        A.4.8 Calculation details for one 10 meters
               step for a rather simple case
        A.4.9 Calculating illuminance levels
        A.4.10 The results
        A.4.11 Road surface luminance of the interior
               zone at day-time
        A.4.12 Night-time lighting
        A.4.13 Lighting of the walls of the interior zone
        A.4.14 Emergency guidance lighting
        A.4.15 Fire emergency guidance lighting
        A.4.16 Uniformity of the road surface luminance
ANNEXE A5 - DETERMINATION OF THE NEED FOR DAYTIME LIGHTING
            OF SHORT TUNNELS
        A.5.1 Determination of the look through percentage
        A.5.2 Using the look through percentage
        A.5.3 Influencing the look through percentage
        A.5.4 Daytime lighting of short tunnels
        A.5.5 A table method for determining the need of
               artificial daytime lighting