CSA Preface This is the first edition of CSA ISO 21945, Solid biofuels — Simplified sampling method for small scale applications, which is an adoption without modification of the identically titled ISO (International Organization for Standardization) Standard 21945 (first edition, 2020-02). This Standard describes simplified methods for taking samples of solid biofuels in small scale applications and storages including preparation of sampling plans and reports. The main focus is on storages with a size of ≤100 t. This Standard is applicable to the following solid biofuels: • fine (up to about 10 mm nominal top size) and regularly-shaped particulate materials that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, e.g., sawdust, olive stones, and wood pellets; • coarse or irregularly-shaped particulate materials (up to 200 mm nominal top size) that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, e.g., wood chips, hog fuel, and nut shells; • large pieces (above 200 mm nominal top size) which are picked manually (e.g., firewood and briquettes). This Standard can also be used for other solid biofuels not listed above if the procedures described in this Standard are applicable. This Standard specifies methods to be used, for example, when a sample is to be tested for moisture content, ash content, calorific value, bulk density, mechanical durability, particle size distribution, ash melting behaviour, and chemical composition. Additionally, it describes a method for the reduction of sample size and defines requirements on handling and storage of samples. If higher precision of analytical results is needed or when in doubt if this Standard is applicable, CSA ISO 18135 can be used. Using the number of increments given in this Standard, the resulting precision for analytical results can be estimated with the formulas given in CSA ISO 18135. Pellets can generate CO and CO2 off gasses by nature. If pellets are sampled, CO, CO2, and O2 levels should be checked prior to and during the sample taking process in a confined space like a container, silo, or shed and have another person standby at the entrance. This Standard has been developed in compliance with StandardsCouncil of Canada requirements for National Standards of Canada. It has been published as a National Standard of Canada by CSA Group. Scope This document describes simplified methods for taking samples of solid biofuels in small scale applications and storages including preparation of sampling plans and reports. The main focus is on storages with a size of ≤100 t. This document is applicable to the following solid biofuels: 1) fine (up to about 10 mm nominal top size) and regularly-shaped particulate materials that can be sampled using a scoop or pipe, e.g. sawdust, olive stones and wood pellets; 2) coarse or irregularly-shaped particulate materials (up to 200 mm nominal top size) that can be sampled using a fork or shovel, e.g. wood chips, hog fuel and nut shells; 3) large pieces (above 200 mm nominal top size) which are picked manually (e.g. firewood and briquettes). This document can also be used for other solid biofuels not listed above if the procedures described in this document are applicable. This document specifies methods to be used, for example, when a sample is to be tested for moisture content, ash content, calorific value, bulk density, mechanical durability, particle size distribution, ash melting behaviour and chemical composition. Additionally, it describes a method for the reduction of sample size and defines requirements on handling and storage of samples. NOTE 1 If higher precision of analytical results is needed or when in doubt if this document is applicable ISO 18135 can be used. Using the number of increments given in this document the resulting precision for analytical results can be estimated with the formulas given in ISO 18135. NOTE 2 Pellets can generate CO and CO2 off gasses by nature. If pellets are sampled, check for CO and CO2 and O2 levels prior and during the sample taking process in a confined space like a container, silo or shed and have another person standby at the entrance.