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EN 14918:2009

Superseded
Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

View Superseded by
superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

Solid biofuels - Determination of calorific value
Superseded date

05-01-2017

Published date

12-23-2009

Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Reagents
6 Apparatus
7 Preparation of test sample
8 Calorimetric procedure
9 Calibration
10 Gross calorific value
11 Precision
12 Calculation of net calorific value at constant pressure
13 Test report
Annex A (normative) Adiabatic bomb calorimeters
Annex B (normative) Isoperibol and static-jacket bomb
        calorimeters
Annex C (normative) Automated bomb calorimeters
Annex D (informative) Checklists for the design and procedures
        of combustion experiments
Annex E (informative) Examples to illustrate the main
        calculations used in this document when an automated
        bomb calorimeter is used for determinations
Annex F (informative) List of symbols used in this document
Annex G (informative) Key-word index
Annex H (informative) Default values of most used biofuels for
        the calculations of calorific values
Annex I (informative) Flow chart for a routine calorific value
        determination
Bibliography

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the gross calorific value of a solid biofuel at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid.The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the analysis sample at constant volume with all the water of the combustion products as liquid water. In practice, biofuels are burned at constant (atmospheric) pressure and the water is either not condensed (removed as vapour with the flue gases) or condensed. Under both conditions, the operative heat of combustion to be used is the net calorific value of the fuel at constant pressure. The net calorific value at constant volume may also be used; formulae are given for calculating both values.General principles and procedures for the calibrations and the biofuel experiments are presented in the main text, whereas those pertaining to the use of a particular type of calorimetric instrument are described in Annexes A to C. Annex D contains checklists for performing calibration and fuel experiments using specified types of calorimeters. Annex E gives examples to illustrate some of the calculations.

Committee
CEN/TC 335
DevelopmentNote
Supersedes CEN/TS 14918. (01/2010) Supersedes PREN 14918. (11/2010)
DocumentType
Standard
PublisherName
Comite Europeen de Normalisation
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy
Supersedes

Standards Relationship
I.S. EN 14918:2009 Identical
NF EN 14918 : 2010 Identical
NEN EN 14918 : 2010 Identical
BS EN 14918:2009 Identical
NBN EN 14918 : 2010 Identical
SN EN 14918 : 2010 Identical
NS EN 14918 : 2009 Identical
UNI EN 14918 : 2010 Identical
PN EN 14918 : 2010 Identical
UNE-EN 14918:2011 Identical
DIN EN 14918:2014-08 Identical

UNE-EN 14961-1:2011 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 1: General requirements
UNE-EN 14961-4:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
10/30212565 DC : 0 BS EN 14780 - SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION
11/30244615 DC : 0 BS EN 15234-6 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
11/30244599 DC : 0 BS EN 14961-6 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
PREN 15234-2 : DRAFT 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
BS EN 15234-4:2012 Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Wood chips for non-industrial use
DIN EN ISO 16559 E : 2014 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (ISO 16559:2014)
BS EN 14961-2:2011 Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Wood pellets for non-industrial use
10/30218997 DC : 0 BS EN 14961-2 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
10/30219399 DC : DRAFT JULY 2010 BS EN 15296 - SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
BS EN 14961-1:2010 Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes General requirements
I.S. EN 14780:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION
NF EN 14961-3 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
BS EN 14961-3:2011 Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
DIN EN 15234-2:2012-04 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use
BS EN 15234-6:2012 Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
UNI EN 14961-4 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNE-EN 15234-4:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
NF EN 14961-2 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
I.S. EN 15234-2:2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
EN 14961-1:2010 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 1: General requirements
EN 14780:2011 Solid biofuels - Sample preparation
CEN/TS 16023:2013 Characterization of waste - Determination of gross calorific value and calculation of net calorific value
EN 14961-3:2011 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
EN 15296:2011 Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another
EN 14961-2:2011 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use
EN 14961-4:2011 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
EN ISO 16559 : 2014 COR 2014 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (ISO 16559:2014)
12/30260516 DC BS EN 15250 - SLOW HEAT RELEASE APPLIANCES FIRED BY SOLID FUEL - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
BS EN 15821:2010 Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs. Requirements and test methods
DIN EN 15821:2011-01 Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs - Requirements and test methods
DIN EN 15234-6:2012-04 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
11/30244602 DC : 0 BS EN 15234-2 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNI EN 15400 : 2011 SOLID RECOVERED FUELS - DETERMINATION OF CALORIFIC VALUE
DIN EN 14961-6:2012-04 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNE-EN 15821:2011 Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs - Requirements and test methods
PREN 14961-3 : DRAFT 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNI EN 15234-4 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNE-EN 15400:2011 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of calorific value
UNI EN 14961-6 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
BS EN 14780:2011 Solid biofuels. Sample preparation
PREN 15234-4 : DRAFT 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNE-EN 15289:2011 Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine
DIN EN 14780:2011-09 SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION
BS EN 15289:2011 Solid biofuels. Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine
UNE-EN 15234-2:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use
BS EN 14961-6:2012 Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
NF EN 15296 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
NF EN 14961-6 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
BS ISO 18466:2016 Stationary source emissions. Determination of the biogenic fraction in C O<sub>2</sub> in stack gas using the balance method
DIN EN 15821 E : 2011 MULTI-FIRING SAUNA STOVES FIRED BY NATURAL WOOD LOGS - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
UNE-EN 14961-2:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use
DIN EN 14961-2:2011-09 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
BS EN 15400:2011 Solid recovered fuels. Determination of calorific value
13/30277482 DC : 0 BS EN ISO 16993 - SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
EN 15400:2011 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of calorific value
NF EN 14961-4 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
CSA ISO 16559 : 2015 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS
S.R. CEN/TS 16023:2013 CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE - DETERMINATION OF GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE AND CALCULATION OF NET CALORIFIC VALUE
ISO 18466:2016 Stationary source emissions — Determination of the biogenic fraction in CO2 in stack gas using the balance method
I.S. EN 14961-3:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNI EN 15289 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE
DIN EN 15296:2011-04 SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
PREN 15234-6 : DRAFT 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNI CEN/TS 16023 : 2014 CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE - DETERMINATION OF GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE AND CALCULATION OF NET CALORIFIC VALUE
10/30219003 DC : 0 BS EN 14961-4 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
DIN EN 15400:2011-05 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of calorific value
BS EN 15234-2:2012 Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Wood pellets for non-industrial use
BS EN 15296:2011 Solid biofuels. Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another
PD CEN/TS 16023:2013 Characterization of waste. Determination of gross calorific value and calculation of net calorific value
DIN EN 14961-3:2011-09 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
BS EN 15234-3:2012 Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
13/30277477 DC : 0 BS EN ISO 16994 - SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULPHUR AND CHLORINE
UNE-EN ISO 16559:2015 Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions (ISO 16559:2014)
UNI EN 15821 : 2010 MULTI-FIRING SAUNA STOVES FIRED BY NATURAL WOOD LOGS - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
DIN EN 15234-4:2012-04 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
DIN EN 15289:2011-04 SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE
13/30241775 DC : 0 BS EN ISO 16559 - SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS
BS EN ISO 16559:2014 Solid biofuels. Terminology, definitions and descriptions
UNI EN 15234-6 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNI EN 15234-3 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
DIN EN 14961-4:2011-09 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNI EN 15234-2 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNE-EN 14961-6:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
UNI EN 15296 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
NF EN 15821 : 2010 MULTI-FIRING SAUNA STOVES FIRED BY NATURAL WOODS LOGS - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
I.S. EN ISO 16559:2014 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (ISO 16559:2014)
I.S. EN 14961-4:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
I.S. EN 14961-6:2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
I.S. EN 15821:2010 MULTI-FIRING SAUNA STOVES FIRED BY NATURAL WOOD LOGS - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
UNI EN 14961-3 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
I.S. EN 15296:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
I.S. EN 14961-2:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
I.S. EN 15400:2011 SOLID RECOVERED FUELS - DETERMINATION OF CALORIFIC VALUE
EN 15234-2:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use
EN 14961-6:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
EN 15821:2010 Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs - Requirements and test methods
EN 15234-3:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
EN 15234-4:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
EN 15234-6:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
DIN EN 14961-1:2010-04 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
DIN EN 15234-3:2012-04 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
UNE-EN 15296:2011 Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another
11/30244609 DC : 0 BS EN 15234-4 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
10/30219000 DC : 0 BS EN 14961-3 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNE-EN 14780:2012 Solid biofuels - Sample preparation
BS EN 14961-4:2011 Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Wood chips for non-industrial use
UNE-EN 14961-3:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
I.S. EN 15234-4:2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
PREN 15250 : DRAFT 2012 SLOW HEAT RELEASE APPLIANCES FIRED BY SOLID FUEL - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
PREN 14961-2 : DRAFT 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNI EN 14780 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION
10/30219387 DC : 0 BS EN 15289 - SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULPHUR AND CHLORINE
16/30275160 DC : 0 BS ISO 18466 - STATIONARY SOURCE EMISSIONS - DETERMINATION OF THE BIOGENIC FRACTION IN CO[2]IN STACK GAS USING THE BALANCE METHOD
UNI EN ISO 16559 : 2014 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS
DIN EN ISO 16559:2014-12 Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions (ISO 16559:2014)
UNI EN 14961-2 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNE-EN 15234-6:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
I.S. EN 15234-6:2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
I.S. EN 15289:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE
UNE-EN 15234-3:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
CSA ISO 16994 : 2015 SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE
I.S. EN 15234-3:2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
UNI EN 14961-1 : 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
CSA ISO 16993 : 2015 SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
PREN ISO 16559 : DRAFT 2013 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (ISO/DIS 16559:2013)
NF EN 14961-1 : 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
I.S. EN 14961-1:2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
ISO 16559:2014 Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions
EN 15289:2011 Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine

ISO 1928:2009 Solid mineral fuels Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimetric method and calculation of net calorific value
PREN 15289 : DRAFT 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE
EN 14774-2:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 2: Total moisture - Simplified method
ISO 10304-1:2007 Water quality Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate
PREN 15234-1 : DRAFT 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
PREN 14780 : DRAFT 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION
ISO 651:1975 Solid-stem calorimeter thermometers
ISO 652:1975 Enclosed-scale calorimeter thermometers
EN 14774-1:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 1: Total moisture - Reference method
EN 14774-3:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample
CEN/TS 15289:2006 Solid Biofuels - Determination of total content of sulphur and chlorine
EN ISO 10304-1:2009 Water quality - Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions - Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate (ISO 10304-1:2007)

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