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  • NFPA 69 : 2014

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    EXPLOSION PREVENTION SYSTEMS

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy

    Superseded date:  02-09-2019

    Language(s):  English

    Published date:  01-01-2014

    Publisher:  National Fire Protection Association

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Chapter 1 - Administration
    Chapter 2 - Referenced Publications
    Chapter 3 - Definitions
    Chapter 4 - General Requirements
    Chapter 5 - Performance-Based Design Option
    Chapter 6 - General Prescriptive Requirements
    Chapter 7 - Deflagration Prevention by Oxidant
                 Concentration Reduction
    Chapter 8 - Deflagration Prevention by Combustible
                 Concentration Reduction
    Chapter 9 - Predeflagration Detection and Control of
                 Ignition Sources
    Chapter 10 - Deflagration Control by Suppression
    Chapter 11 - Deflagration Control by Active Isolation
    Chapter 12 - Deflagration Control by Passive Isolation
    Chapter 13 - Deflagration Control by Pressure Containment
    Chapter 14 - Passive Explosion Suppression Using Expanded
                 Metal Mesh or Polymer Foams
    Chapter 15 - Installation, Inspection, and Maintenance of
                 Explosion Prevention Systems
    Annex A - Explanatory Material
    Annex B - Control of Flammable Gas Mixtures by Oxidant
              Concentration Reduction and Combustible
              Concentration Reduction
    Annex C - Limiting Oxidant Concentrations
    Annex D - Ventilation Calculations
    Annex E - Purging Methods
    Annex F - Flame Arresters
    Annex G - Deflagration Containment Calculation Method
              for Two Interconnected Vessels
    Annex H - Informational References
    Index

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Pertains to the design, installation, operation, maintenance, and testing of systems for the prevention of explosions by means of the following methods: (1) Control of oxidant concentration (2) Control of combustible concentration (3) Predeflagration detection and control of ignition sources (4) Explosion suppression (5) Active isolation (6) Passive isolation (7) Deflagration pressure containment (8) Passive explosion suppression

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Development Note 2008 Version is also available in Spanish (See NFPA 69 SPANISH). (01/2012)
    Document Type Standard
    Publisher National Fire Protection Association
    Status Superseded
    Superseded By
    Supersedes

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    NFPA 560 : 2007 STORAGE, HANDLING, AND USE OF ETHYLENE OXIDE FOR STERILIZATION AND FUMIGATION
    NFPA 499 : 2017 CLASSIFICATION OF COMBUSTIBLE DUSTS AND OF HAZARDOUS (CLASSIFIED) LOCATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN CHEMICAL PROCESS AREAS
    11/30159581 DC : 0 BS EN ISO 23251 - PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - PRESSURE-RELIEVING AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS
    API 521 : 2014 PRESSURE-RELIEVING AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS
    NFPA 32 : 2016 DRYCLEANING FACILITIES
    ISO 12643-1:2009 Graphic technology Safety requirements for graphic technology equipment and systems Part 1: General requirements
    BS EN ISO 16852:2010 FLAME ARRESTERS - PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS, TEST METHODS AND LIMITS FOR USE
    API 500B : 88 ERRATA RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR CLASSIFICATION OF LOCATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AT DRILLING RIGS & PRODUCTION FACILITIES ON LAND & ON MARINE FIXED & MOBILE PLATFORMS
    NFPA 68 : 2018 EXPLOSION PROTECTION BY DEFLAGRATION VENTING
    ASTM E 2931 : 2013 Standard Test Method for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration of Combustible Dust Clouds
    NFPA 61B : 1989 PREVENTION OF FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS IN GRAIN ELEVATORS AND FACILITIES HANDLING BULK RAW AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
    PD CLC/TR 60079-32-1:2015 EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - PART 32-1: ELECTROSTATIC HAZARDS - GUIDANCE
    PREN ISO 23251 : DRAFT 2011 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - PRESSURE-RELIEVING AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS
    NFPA 30 HDBK : 2018 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS CODE HANDBOOK
    NFPA 12A : 2018 HALON 1301 FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
    NFPA 805 : 2015 PERFORMANCE-BASED STANDARD FOR FIRE PROTECTION FOR LIGHT WATER REACTOR ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS
    NFPA 318 : 2018 PROTECTION OF SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES
    NFPA 45 : 2015 FIRE PROTECTION FOR LABORATORIES USING CHEMICALS
    NFPA 30 : 2018 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS CODE
    NFPA 33 : 2018 SPRAY APPLICATION USING FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
    NFPA 35 : 2016 MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS
    NFPA 101 HDBK : 2018 LIFE SAFETY CODE HANDBOOK
    NFPA 5000 : 2018 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY CODE
    NFPA 87 : 2018 FLUID HEATERS
    NFPA 496 : 2017 PURGED AND PRESSURIZED ENCLOSURES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
    NFPA 400 : 2016 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CODE
    NFPA 850 : 2015 FIRE PROTECTION FOR ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS AND HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT CONVERTER STATIONS
    NFPA 650 : 1998 PNEUMATIC CONVEYING SYSTEMS FOR HANDLING COMBUSTIBLE PARTICULATE SOLIDS
    AIHA Z9.3 : 2007 SPRAY FINISHING OPERATIONS - SAFETY CODE FOR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND VENTILATION
    ASTM E 2079 : 2007 Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors
    API 2217A REDLINE : 2009 GUIDELINES FOR SAFE WORK IN INERT CONFINED SPACES IN THE PETROLEUM AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
    14/30284759 DC : 0 BS EN ISO 16852 - FLAME ARRESTERS - PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS, TEST METHODS AND LIMITS FOR USE
    ASTM E 2079 : 2007 : R2013 Standard Test Methods for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration in Gases and Vapors
    NFPA 56 : 2017 FIRE AND EXPLOSION PREVENTION DURING CLEANING AND PURGING OF FLAMMABLE GAS PIPING SYSTEMS
    NSS 1740.12 : 0 SAFETY STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES, PROPELLANTS, AND PYROTECHNICS
    NFPA 85 : 2015 BOILER AND COMBUSTION SYSTEMS HAZARDS CODE
    AIHA Z9.4 : 2011 ABRASIVE-BLASTING OPERATIONS - VENTILATION AND SAFE PRACTICES FOR FIXED LOCATION ENCLOSURES
    ASTM E 1248 : 1990 : R1997 Standard Practice for Shredder Explosion Protection
    DIN EN ISO 16852:2010-09 FLAME ARRESTERS - PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS, TEST METHODS AND LIMITS FOR USE (ISO 16852:2016)
    NFPA 3 : 2018 COMMISSIONING OF FIRE PROTECTION AND LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS
    S.R. CLC/TR 60079-32-1:2015 EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - PART 32-1: ELECTROSTATIC HAZARDS - GUIDANCE
    NFPA 56 (PS) : 2012 FIRE AND EXPLOSION PREVENTION DURING CLEANING AND PURGING OF FLAMMABLE GAS PIPING SYSTEMS
    NFPA 30B : 2015 CODE FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND STORAGE OF AEROSOL PRODUCTS
    NFPA 651 : 1998 MACHINING AND FINISHING OF ALUMINUM AND THE PRODUCTION AND HANDLING ALUMINUM POWDERS
    NFPA 121 : 2001 FIRE PROTECTION FOR SELF-PROPELLED AND MOBILE SURFACE MINING EQUIPMENT
    NFPA 12 : 2018 CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
    NFPA 664 : 2017 PREVENTION OF FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS IN WOOD PROCESSING AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES
    Z276-18 Liquefied natural gas (LNG) - Production, storage, and handling
    API 500 RUSSIAN :1997 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR CLASSIFICATION OF LOCATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AT PETROLEUM FACILITIES CLASSIFIED AS CLASS 1, DIVISION 1 AND DIVISION 2
    API 500 RUSSIAN : 1997 : R2002 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR CLASSIFICATION OF LOCATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AT PETROLEUM FACILITIES CLASSIFIED AS CLASS 1, DIVISION 1 AND DIVISION 2
    NFPA 59A : 2016 PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND HANDLING OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)
    NFPA 2 : 2016 HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES CODE
    NFPA 120 : 2015 FIRE PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN COAL MINES
    NFPA 91 : 2015 EXHAUST SYSTEMS FOR AIR CONVEYING OF VAPORS, GASES, MISTS, AND PARTICULATE SOLIDS
    NFPA 820 : 2016 FIRE PROTECTION IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND COLLECTION FACILITIES
    N293-12 (R2017) Fire protection for nuclear power plants
    UNI EN ISO 23251 : 2008 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - PRESSURE-RELIEVING AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS
    NFPA 45 HDBK : 2015 FIRE PROTECTION FOR LABORATORIES USING CHEMICALS HANDBOOK
    NFPA 1 : 2021 FIRE CODE
    UFC 3-410-04N : 2004 UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA - INDUSTRIAL VENTILATION
    NFPA 326 : 2015 SAFEGUARDING OF TANKS AND CONTAINERS FOR ENTRY, CLEANING, OR REPAIR
    NFPA 654 : 2017 PREVENTION OF FIRE AND DUST EXPLOSIONS FROM THE MANUFACTURING, PROCESSING, AND HANDLING OF COMBUSTIBLE PARTICULATE SOLIDS
    NFPA 306 : 2014 CONTROL OF GAS HAZARDS ON VESSELS
    NFPA 410 : 2015 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE
    ICC 2012 INTERNATIONAL PERFORM. CODE : 2012 ICC PERFORMANCE CODE FOR BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
    BS ISO 12648:2006 Graphic technology. Safety requirements for printing press systems
    04/30110212 DC : DRAFT MAR 2004 ISO 12648 - GRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PRINTING PRESS SYSTEMS
    UNE-EN ISO 16852:2017 Flame arresters - Performance requirements, test methods and limits for use (ISO 16852:2016)
    API TR 2568 : 2007 EVAPORATIVE LOSS FROM THE CLEANING OF STORAGE TANKS
    AIHA Z9.7 : 2007 RECIRCULATION OF AIR FROM INDUSTRIAL PROCESS EXHAUST SYSTEMS
    API 2001 : 2012 FIRE PROTECTION IN REFINERIES
    NFPA 903M : 1986 FIRE REPORTING PROPERTY SURVEY MANUAL
    NFPA 65 : 1993 PROCESSING AND FINISHING OF ALUMINUM
    NFPA 12B : 1990 HALON 1211 FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
    NFPA 921 : 2017 GUIDE FOR FIRE AND EXPLOSION INVESTIGATIONS
    API 2610:2005 DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND INSPECTION OF TERMINAL AND TANK FACILITIES
    API 2210:2000 FLAME ARRESTERS FOR VENTS OF TANKS STORING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
    API 2610 : 2005 : R2010 DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND INSPECTION OF TERMINAL AND TANK FACILITIES
    API 540 : 1999 : R2006 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN PETROLEUM PROCESSING PLANTS
    API 14F : 2008 : R2013 DESIGN, INSTALLATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR FIXED AND FLOATING OFFSHORE PETROLEUM FACILITIES FOR UNCLASSIFIED AND CLASS 1, DIVISION 1 AND DIVISION 2 LOCATIONS
    API 2000 : 2014 VENTING ATMOSPHERIC AND LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANKS
    NFPA 55 : 2016 COMPRESSED GASES AND CRYOGENIC FLUIDS CODE
    ISO 28300:2008 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Venting of atmospheric and low-pressure storage tanks
    NFPA 61 : 2020 PREVENTION OF FIRES AND DUST EXPLOSIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING FACILITIES
    CSA N293 : 2012 : INC : UPD 1 : 2017 : R201700 FIRE PROTECTION FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
    CSA N293 : 2012(R2018) FIRE PROTECTION FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
    ICC 2012 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE : 2012 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE
    I.S. EN ISO 23251:2007 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - PRESSURE-RELIEVING AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS
    ICC IMC Code and Commentary : 2015 IMC® Code and Commentary
    EN ISO 23251:2007/A1:2008 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - PRESSURE-RELIEVING AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS
    EEMUA 211 : 2016 GUIDANCE ON THE SPECIFICATION OF PRESSURE VESSELS
    ICC IFC CODE & COMMENTARY VOLUME 1 & 2 : 2015 IFC® Code and Commentary
    NASA STD 8719.12 : 2010 SAFETY STANDARD FOR EXPLOSIVES, PROPELLANTS, AND PYROTECHNICS
    CSA N293 : 2012 FIRE PROTECTION FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
    ASHRAE HDBK REFRIGERATION : 2014 ASHRAE HANDBOOK - REFRIGERATION
    UNI EN ISO 28300 : 2009 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - VENTING OF ATMOSPHERIC AND LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANKS
    NFPA 85F : 1988 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF PULVERIZED FUEL SYSTEMS
    BS ISO 12643-1:2009 Graphic technology. Safety requirements for graphic technology equipment and systems General requirements
    NFPA 67 : 2016 GUIDE ON EXPLOSION PROTECTION FOR GASEOUS MIXTURES IN PIPE SYSTEMS
    ASTM E 1248 : 1990 : R2017 Standard Practice for Shredder Explosion Protection
    NFPA 61 : 2017 PREVENTION OF FIRES AND DUST EXPLOSIONS IN AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING FACILITIES
    BS 5908-1:2012 Fire and explosion precautions at premises handling flammable gases, liquids and dusts Code of practice for precautions against fire and explosion in chemical plants, chemical storage and similar premises
    08/30190505 DC : 0 BS ISO 12643-1 - GRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR GRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
    FM 6061 : 2013 ADD 1 2016 FLAME ARRESTERS
    NFPA 903 : 1996 FIRE REPORTING PROPERTY SURVEY GUIDE
    NFPA 901 : 2016 CLASSIFICATIONS FOR INCIDENT REPORTING AND FIRE PROTECTION DATA
    NFPA 36 : 2017 SOLVENT EXTRACTION PLANTS
    04/30127186 DC : DRAFT DEC 2004 ISO 23251 - PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - PRESSURE-RELIEVING AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS
    ANSI/AIHA/ASSP Z9.9-2010 PORTABLE VENTILATION SYSTEMS
    NFPA 409 : 2016 AIRCRAFT HANGARS
    NFPA 480 : 1998 STORAGE, HANDLING, AND PROCESSING OF MAGNESIUM SOLIDS AND POWDERS
    BS PD IEC TS 60079-32-1 : 2013 EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES - PART 32-1: ELECTROSTATIC HAZARDS, GUIDANCE
    ISO 12648:2006 Graphic technology Safety requirements for printing press systems
    NFPA 97 : 2003 GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO CHIMNEYS, VENTS, AND HEAT-PRODUCING APPLIANCES
    AIHA Z9.3 : 2007 SPRAY FINISHING OPERATIONS - SAFETY CODE FOR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND VENTILATION
    API 505 : 1997 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR CLASSIFICATION OF LOCATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AT PETROLEUM FACILITIES CLASSIFIED AS CLASS I, ZONE 0, ZONE 1, AND ZONE 2
    ASTM E 681 : 2009 : R2015 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)
    API 2028 : 2002 : R2010 FLAME ARRESTERS IN PIPING SYSTEMS
    API 14F:2008 DESIGN, INSTALLATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR FIXED AND FLOATING OFFSHORE PETROLEUM FACILITIES FOR UNCLASSIFIED AND CLASS 1, DIVISION 1 AND DIVISION 2 LOCATIONS
    API 540:1999 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN PETROLEUM PROCESSING PLANTS
    BS EN ISO 28300:2008 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Venting of atmospheric and low-pressure storage tanks
    ISO 16852:2016 Flame arresters Performance requirements, test methods and limits for use
    ISO 23251:2006 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries Pressure-relieving and depressuring systems
    UNE-EN ISO 28300:2012 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Venting of atmospheric and low-pressure storage tanks (ISO 28300:2008)
    12/30210113 DC : 0 BS EN ISO 28300 - PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - VENTING OF ATMOSPHERIC AND LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANKS
    BS EN ISO 23251 : 2007 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - PRESSURE-RELIEVING AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS
    FM 5700 : 2018 EXPLOSION SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
    API 2217A : 2009 SAFE WORK IN INERT CONFINED SPACES IN THE PETROLEUM AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
    API 2003 REDLINE : 2008 PROTECTION AGAINST IGNITIONS ARISING OUT OF STATIC, LIGHTNING, AND STRAY CURRENTS
    AIHA Z9.4 : 2011 ABRASIVE-BLASTING OPERATIONS - VENTILATION AND SAFE PRACTICES FOR FIXED LOCATION ENCLOSURES
    ICC ICCPC INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE CODE : 2015 ICC PERFORMANCE CODE FOR BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
    API 2003 : 2015 PROTECTION AGAINST IGNITIONS ARISING OUT OF STATIC, LIGHTNING, AND STRAY CURRENTS
    NFPA 15 : 2017 WATER SPRAY FIXED SYSTEMS FOR FIRE PROTECTION
    NFPA 8506 : 1998 HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR SYSTEMS
    DIN EN ISO 28300:2008-11 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - VENTING OF ATMOSPHERIC AND LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANKS
    BS ISO 23251 : 2006 AMD 17355 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - PRESSURE-RELIEVING AND DEPRESSURING SYSTEMS
    NFPA 3 & 4 HDBK : 2012 COMMISSIONING AND INTEGRATED SYSTEM TESTING HANDBOOK
    NFPA 484 : 2015 COMBUSTIBLE METALS
    ASTM E 681 : 20091 Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)
    NFPA 497B : 1991 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF CLASS II HAZARDOUS (CLASSIFIED) LOCATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN CHEMICAL PROCESS AREAS
    NFPA 655 : 2017 PREVENTION OF SULFUR FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS
    NFPA 61D : 1989 PREVENTION OF FIRE AND DUST EXPLOSIONS IN THE MILLING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
    NFPA 61A : 1989 PREVENTION OF FIRE AND DUST EXPLOSIONS IN FACILITIES MANUFACTURING AND HANDLING STARCH
    NFPA 61C : 1989 PREVENTION OF FIRE AND DUST EXPLOSION IN FEED MILLS
    NFPA 30 FRENCH : 1996 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS CODE
    ASTM E 1248 : 1990 : R2009 Standard Practice for Shredder Explosion Protection
    ASTM E 1248 : 1990 : R2004 Standard Practice for Shredder Explosion Protection
    API 2210 : 2000 : R2015 FLAME ARRESTERS FOR VENTS OF TANKS STORING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
    API 14FZ : 2013 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR DESIGN, INSTALLATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR FIXED AND FLOATING OFFSHORE PETROLEUM FACILITIES FOR UNCLASSIFIED AND CLASS 1, ZONE 0, ZONE 1, AND ZONE 2 LOCATIONS
    CLC/TR 60079-32-1:2015 Explosive atmospheres - Part 32-1: Electrostatic Hazards - Guidance
    API 500 : 2012 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR CLASSIFICATION OF LOCATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AT PETROLEUM FACILITIES CLASSIFIED AS CLASS 1, DIVISION 1 AND DIVISION 2
    API 14F REDLINE : 2008 DESIGN, INSTALLATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR FIXED AND FLOATING OFFSHORE PETROLEUM FACILITIES FOR UNCLASSIFIED AND CLASS 1, DIVISION 1 AND DIVISION 2 LOCATIONS
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    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

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