Foreword
Views of the Air Transport Association of America
Table of Contents
1.0 Purpose and Scope
1.1 Introduction
1.2 System Overview
1.3 System Description
1.3.1 Baseline TCAS System
1.3.2 Additional Features
1.4 Operational Applications
1.4.1 TCAS Operates Independently of the Ground ATC
       System
1.4.2 Control of Interaction With the Air Traffic
       Control System
1.4.3 Maneuver Capability Related to Separation
       Assurance
1.5 Operational Goals
1.6 Assumptions and Limitations
1.6.1 Improvements or Alternative Techniques
1.6.2 Enhancements
1.6.3 Degree of Protection Provided
1.6.4 Transponder Population
1.6.5 Density of Transponder-Equipped Aircraft
1.6.6 TCAS Performance Monitor
1.6.7 Altimeter Operation
1.6.8 Aircraft Performance Limitations
1.7 Test Procedures
1.7.1 Environmental Tests
1.7.2 Bench Tests
1.7.3 Installed System Tests
1.7.4 Computer Performance Validation Test
1.7.5 Interoperability
1.8 Glossary of Terms
1.9 Abbreviations
1.10 References
2.0 TCAS EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS AND TEST PROCEDURES
2.1 General Requirements
2.1.1 Airworthiness
2.1.2 General Performance
2.1.3 Federal Communications Commission Rules
2.1.4 Self-Test
2.1.5 Performance Monitoring
2.1.6 Interrogation Test Modes
2.1.7 Controls
2.1.8 Display Functions
2.1.9 Equipment Configuration
2.1.10 Mode S Transponder Capabilities
2.1.11 TCAS Combined with Other Aircraft Systems
2.1.12 Aural Annunciation
2.1.13 Effects of Tests
2.2 Minimum Performance Standards - Standard
       Conditions and Signals
2.2.1 Definition of Standard Conditions
2.2.2 Receiver Characteristics
2.2.3 TCAS Transmitter Characteristics
2.2.4 TCAS Transmitter Pulse Characteristics
2.2.5 TCAS Pulse Decoder Characteristics
2.2.6 Interference Limiting
2.2.7 TCAS Message Format
2.2.8 TCAS Threat Detection and Tracking
2.2.9 Collision Avoidance Algorithms
2.2.10 Automatic Performance Monitoring, Self-Test and
       Performance Validation
2.2.11 Aircraft Suppression Bus
2.2.12 TCAS Data Handling and Interfaces
2.2.13 TCAS Antenna System
2.2.14 TCAS Display Capability
2.2.15 Bearing Estimation
2.2.16 High-Density Techniques
2.3 Equipment Performance - Environmental Conditions
2.3.1 Temperature and Altitude Tests (DO-160A, Section
       4.0)
2.3.2 Temperature Variation Test (DO-160A, Section 5.0)
2.3.3 Humidity Test (DO-160A, Section 6.0)
2.3.4 Shock Tests (DO-160A, Section 7.0)
2.3.5 Vibration Tests (DO-160A, Section 8.0)
2.3.6 Explosion Test (DO-160A, Section 9.0)(When
       Required)
2.3.7 Waterproofness Test (DO-160A, Section 10.0)
2.3.8 Fluids Susceptibility Tests (DO-160A, Section
       11.0)
2.3.9 Sand and Dust Test (DO-160A, Section 12.0)(When
       Required)
2.3.10 Fungus Resistance Test (DO-160A, Section 13.0)
       (When Required)
2.3.11 (Salt Spray Test (DO-160A, Section 14.0)(When
       Required)
2.3.12 Magnetic Effect Test (DO-160A, Section 15.0)
2.3.13 Power Input Tests (DO-160A, Section 16.0)
2.3.14 Voltage Spike Conducted Test (DO-160A, Section
       17.0)
2.3.15 Audio Frequency Conducted Susceptibility Test
       (DO-160A, Section 18.0)
2.3.16 Induced Signal Susceptibility Test (DO-160A,
       Section 19.0)
2.3.17 Radio Frequency Susceptibility Test (Radiated and
       Conducted) (DO-160A, Section 20.0)
2.3.18 Emission of Radio Frequency Energy Test (DO-160A,
       Section 21.0)
2.4 Equipment Test Procedures
2.4.1 Definition of Terms and Conditions of Test
2.4.2 Detailed Test Procedures
2.4.3 High Density Techniques (2.2.16)
2.4.4 Computer Performance Validation
2.4.5 Cross-Reference of Requirements and Associated
       Tests
3.0 INSTALLED EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE
3.1 Test Conditions
3.1.1 Power Input
3.1.2 Associated Equipment
3.1.3 Environment
3.1.4 Adjustment of Equipment
3.2 Equipment Installation
3.2.1 Equipment Accessibility
3.2.2 Display Visibility
3.2.3 Interference
3.2.4 Physical Installation
3.2.5 Aircraft Power Source
3.2.6 Transmission Lines
3.2.7 Antenna Location
3.2.8 Altimetry
3.3 Minimum Installed Equipment Performance
       Requirements
3.4 Test Procedures for Installed Equipment
       Performance
3.4.1 Conformity Inspection
3.4.2 General Test Procedures
3.4.3 Antenna Gain Performance
3.4.4 Flight Test Procedures
3.4.5 Bearing Estimation Tests
MEMBERSHIP
Appendix A Altimetry Performance Requirements
Volume II Collision Avoidance Algorithms
FIGURES
2.1 TCAS Mode-C Only ALL-CALL Interrogation Sequence
2.2 Mode S Transmission
2.3 ATCRBS Reply
2.4 Mode S Reply
2.5 Interference Limiting Flow Diagram
2.6 Mode S Interrogation or Uplink Formats Used by
       TCAS
2.7 Mode S Reply or Downlink Formats Used by TCAS
2.8 Omnidirectional Whisper-Shout Sequence
2.9 Timing for Lowest-Power Steps in Omnidirectional
       Whisper-Shout Sequence for Top Antenna
2.9a Initial Processing for Conflict with
       TCAS-Equipped Threat
2.10 High Density Whisper-Shout Sequence
2.11 Initial Conditions for Error Detection
2.12 Final Conditions of Error Detection for 56 and
       112 Bit Replies
2.13 Initialization of Error Pattern Location Logic,
       56 and 112 Bit Replies
2.14 Generation of Correction Enable Bit
2.15 Correction of Decision Sequence
2.16 Final State of Error Correction Function
2.17 Signal Relationship Between TCAS, Mode S & Test
       Equipment
2.18 Definition of Variables Associated with the
       Linear Movement of Targets in the Range
       Dimension
2.19 Frequency Test Setup
2.20 Peak Power Test Setup
2.21 Whisper Shout and Interrogation Rate Jitter Test
       Setup
2.22 Mode S Transmission Test Setup
2.23 DPSK Phase Reversal Tolerance Test Setup
2.24 Mode S RF Spectrum Test Setup
2.25 Unwanted Output Power Test Setup
2.26 Geometrical Illustration of Multipath
2.27 Real Multipath
2.28 Simulated Multipath
2.29 Reply Sequence for Range Correlation Test.
       Scenario A (above 10 kft)
2.30 Reply Sequence for Range Correlation Test.
       Scenario B (below 10 kft)
2.31 Reply Sequence for Altitude Correlation Test
2.32 Range vs. Time Plot for Intruders 1, 2, 7 and 8
2.33 Altitude Tracking Test, Scenario A
2.34 Altitude Tracking Test, Scenario B
2.35 Range vs. Time Plot for Intruders 1, 2 23 and 24
3.1 Ramp Test Geometry Considerations
TABLES
2.1 Field Index
2.2 Determination of Code Pulse Estimate and Code
       Pulse Agreement for all 64 Possible Combinations
       of 3 Code Pulses and Their Associated Confidence
       Bits
2.3 Logic Parameter Values
2.4 Deleted
2.5 Confidence Factor Required for a 90% Confidence
       Level
2.6 Minimum number of Trials vs. Number of Failures
       for the Required Probability of Success Values
       Specified in 2.4.2.1.2
2.7 Squitter and Reply Probability vs. Range and
       Altitude
2.8 Squitter and Reply Probability vs. Range and
       Altitude