DIN 1054:1976-11

Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
   3.1 Terms and definitions
        3.1.1 General terms and definitions
        3.1.2 Terms and definitions relating to the safety
              concept
        3.1.3 Geotechnical terms and definitions
   3.2 Symbols
4 General provisions for safety verifications
   4.1 Basic requirements
   4.2 Geotechnical Categories (GC)
   4.3 Ultimate Limit States (GZ 1) (ULS)
        4.3.1 GZ 1A (EQU, UPL and HYD) limit states: Limit state
              of loss of static equilibrium
        4.3.2 GZ 1B (STR and GEO-2) limit states: Limit state of
              failure of the structure and of structural elements
        4.3.3 GZ 1C (GEO-3) limit state: Limit state of loss of
              overall stability
        4.3.4 Ductility of the overall system
        4.3.5 Other types of verification
   4.4 Serviceability Limit States (GZ 2) (SLS)
   4.5 Observational method
        4.5.1 Scope of application
        4.5.2 Measures prior to commencing construction
        4.5.3 Measures during the construction process
   4.6 Compliance with provisions for safety verifications
5 Ground
   5.1 Geotechnical investigations
        5.1.1 Purpose of investigations
        5.1.2 Type and extent of investigations
   5.2 Types of ground
        5.2.1 General
        5.2.2 Non-cohesive soils
        5.2.3 Cohesive soils
        5.2.4 Organic and organogenic soils
        5.2.5 Fill
        5.2.6 Supplementary information
   5.3 Characteristic values of soil properties
        5.3.1 Establishing characteristic values of soil
              properties
        5.3.2 Applying characteristic values of soil properties
6 Actions, effects of actions and resistances
   6.1 Actions and effects of actions
        6.1.1 General
        6.1.2 Actions from the structure
        6.1.3 Geotechnical actions
        6.1.4 Dynamic actions
        6.1.5 Characteristic effects of actions
   6.2 Resistances in soil and rock
        6.2.1 Shear strength
        6.2.2 Stiffness
        6.2.3 Bearing resistances
        6.2.4 Passive earth resistance (passive earth pressure)
        6.2.5 Penetration resistance, pull-out resistance and
              transverse resistance
   6.3 Design situatuations
        6.3.1 Combinations of actions
        6.3.2 Safety Classes of resistances
        6.3.3 Load Cases
   6.4 Partial safety factors
        6.4.1 Partial safety factors for actions and effects of
              actions
        6.4.2 Partial safety factors for resistances
7 Shallow and spread foundations
   7.1 Scope and general requirements
   7.2 Classification in Geotechnical Categories
   7.3 Actions and effects of actions in the foundation base
        7.3.1 Characteristic effects of actions
        7.3.2 Design values of the effects of actions
   7.4 Ground reactions and ground resistances
        7.4.1 Ground reactions at the vertical face of the
              foundation
        7.4.2 Bearing resistance
        7.4.3 Sliding resistance
   7.5 Verification of bearing capacity
        7.5.1 Verification of safety against overturning
        7.5.2 Verification of bearing resistance
        7.5.3 Verification of safety against sliding
        7.5.4 Verification of safety against structural failure
   7.6 Verification of serviceability
        7.6.1 Allowable location of the resultant effect of
              actions
        7.6.2 Displacements in the foundation base
        7.6.3 Settlement
        7.6.4 Rotation
   7.7 Allowable bearing pressure in simple cases
        7.7.1 General
        7.7.2 Non-cohesive soil
        7.7.3 Cohesive soil
        7.7.4 Rock
        7.7.5 Artificially placed ground
8 Pile foundations
   8.1 Scope and general requirements
   8.2 Classification in Geotechnical Categories
   8.3 Actions and effects of actions
        8.3.1 General
        8.3.2 Lateral pressure
        8.3.3 Negative skin friction
        8.3.4 Design values of effect of actions
   8.4 Resistance
        8.4.1 General
        8.4.2 Axial pile resistance from static pile load
              tests
        8.4.3 Axial pile resistance from dynamic pile
              load tests
        8.4.4 Empirical axial pile resistance
        8.4.5 Transverse load resistance
        8.4.6 Pile resistance for cyclic and dynamic
              actions
        8.4.7 Design values of pile resistance
   8.5 Verification of the bearing capacity of
        piles
        8.5.1 Axially loaded piles
        8.5.2 Laterally loaded piles
        8.5.3 Compression pile groups
        8.5.4 Tension pile groups
        8.5.5 Combined pile-raft foundations
        8.5.6 Structural failure of piles
   8.6 Verification of serviceability
        8.6.1 Principles
        8.6.2 Pile groups
        8.6.3 Combined pile-raft foundations
9 Grouted anchors
   9.1 Scope and general requirements
   9.2 Classification in Geotechnical Categories
   9.3 Actions and effects of actions
   9.4 Resistance
        9.4.1 Pull-out resistance
        9.4.2 Resistance of a steel tendon
   9.5 Verification of the bearing capacity
   9.6 Verification of serviceability
10 Retaining structures and structures embedded
   in the ground
   10.1 Scope and general requirements
   10.2 Classification in Geotechnical Categories
   10.3 Actions
        10.3.1 Earth pressure
        10.3.2 Water pressure
        10.3.3 Further actions
   10.4 Effects of actions
        10.4.1 General
        10.4.2 Structures subjected to bending
        10.4.3 Bracing elements
        10.4.4 Grouted anchors and tension piles
        10.4.5 Design values of effects of actions
   10.5 Resistances
        10.5.1 Bearing resistances
        10.5.2 Resistances in front of and below wall-like
               retaining structures
        10.5.3 Pull-out resistances
        10.5.4 Design values of resistances
   10.6 Verification of bearing capacity
        10.6.1 Verifications of the GZ 1B (STR and GEO-2)
               limit states
        10.6.2 Bearing resistance and sliding
        10.6.3 Failure of the earth support
        10.6.4 Failure of the anchored ground in front of
               anchor plates and anchor walls
        10.6.5 Failure of tension piles or grouted anchors
        10.6.6 Failure of structural elements due to settlement
        10.6.7 Failure in the lower failure plane
        10.6.8 Structural failure of structural elements
        10.6.9 Verification of the GZ 1A and GZ 1C
               (UPL, HYD and GEO-3) limit states
   10.7 Verification of serviceability
        10.7.1 Verification based on experience
        10.7.2 Special verifications
11 Uplift and hydraulic heave
   11.1 Scope and general requirements
   11.2 Classification in Geotechnical Categories
   11.3 Verification of safety against uplift of
        non-anchored structures
        11.3.1 Verification with structure self-weight only
        11.3.2 Verification with additional shear forces
   11.4 Verification of safety against uplift of
        anchored structures
        11.4.1 Verification of safety against uplift
        11.4.2 Dimensioning the base
   11.5 Verification of safety against hydraulic heave
   11.6 Verification of serviceability
12 Overall stability
   12.1 Scope and general requirements
   12.2 Classification in Geotechnical Categories
   12.3 Verification of safety against slope failure
        and overall stability failure
   12.4 Verification of structural slope stabilisation measures
        12.4.1 General
        12.4.2 Actions and effects of actions
        12.4.3 Pull-out resistances
        12.4.4 Verification of bearing capacity
   12.5 Verification of serviceability
Annex A (normative) Allowable bearing pressure
Annex B (informative) Design of axially loaded bored
                       piles based on empirical values
         B.1 Determination of the resistance-settlement (heave)
              curve
         B.2 Base and shaft resistance of piles
         B.3 Investigation of the ground strength using
              penetration tests
Annex C (informative) Characteristic axial resistance of
                       driven displacement piles based on
                       empirical values
         C.1 Determination of the characteristic pile
              resistance in the GZ 1B (GEO-2) limit state
         C.2 Pile base resistance and pile shaft resistance
              of precast reinforced or prestressed concrete
              piles in the GZ 1B (GEO-2) limit state in
              non-cohesive soil
         C.3 Characteristic pile base resistance and pile
              shaft resistance of precast reinforced or
              prestressed concrete piles in the GZ 2
              (serviceability) limit state in non-cohesive soil
         C.4 Characteristic pile bearing capacity of precast
              reinforced or prestressed concrete
              piles and steel and timber piles in cohesive soil
Annex C* (informative) Design of axially loaded driven
                       displacement piles based on empirical
                       values
         C*.1 Determination of the characteristic pile resistance
              in the GEO-2 limit state
         C*.2 Allowable pile bearing capacity of precast
              reinforced or prestressed concrete piles as
              well as timber and steel piles
Annex D (informative) Design of grouted micropiles based
                       on empirical values
         D.1 Characteristic axial pile resstance in the GZ 1B
              (GEO-2) limit state
         D.2 Recommended values for the characteristic load span
              for grouted micropiles under axial pulsating and
              alternating loads in the GZ 2 (serviceability)
              limit state
Annex E (informative) Distribution of actions and
                       resistances in laterally loaded pile
                       groups
Annex F (normative) Transition arrangements for
                       standards based on the old concept of
                       analysis with global safety factors
Annex G (informative) Transition arrangements for
                       acknowledged technical rules for works
                       based on the old concept of analysis with
                       global safety factors