ENV 1994-2 : DRAFT 97

Foreword
1 General
   1.1 Scope
        1.1.2 Scope of ENV 1994-2:1997
   1.2 Distinction between principles and application
        rules
   1.3 Assumptions
   1.4 Definitions
        1.4.2 Special terms used in this Part
        1.4.3 Other definitions
   1.5 S.I. units
   1.6 Symbols used in Part 2
        1.6.1 General
        1.6.2 Latin upper case letters
        1.6.3 Greek upper case letters
        1.6.4 Latin lower case letters
        1.6.5 Greek lower case letters
        1.6.6 Subscripts
        1.6.7 Use of subscripts
        1.6.8 Conventions for member axes
   1.7 Normative references
2 Basis of design
   2.2 Definitions and classifications
        2.2.1 Limit states and design situations
        2.2.2 Actions
        2.2.5 Load arrangements and load cases
   2.3 Design requirements
        2.3.1 General
        2.3.2 Ultimate limit states, including fatigue
        2.3.3 Partial safety factors for ultimate limit
               states, including fatigue
        2.3.4 Serviceability limit states
   2.4 Durability
3 Materials
   3.1 Concrete
        3.1.1 General
        3.1.2 Concrete strength classes
        3.1.3 Shrinkage of concrete
        3.1.4 Deformability of concrete - elastic theory
        3.1.5 Deformability of concrete - other theories
        3.1.6 Thermal expansion
   3.2 Reinforcing steel
        3.2.1 General
        3.2.2 Types of steel
        3.2.4 Modulus of longitudinal deformation
   3.3 Structural steel
        3.3.1 General and scope
        3.3.2 Yield strength
        3.3.5 Dimensional and mass tolerances
        3.3.6 Fracture toughness
   3.4 Profiled steel sheeting for composite slabs
   3.5 Connecting devices
        3.5.2 Shear connectors
   3.6 Prestressing steel and devices
4 Ultimate limit states
   4.1 Basis
        4.1.1 General
   4.2 Properties of cross-sections of beams
        4.2.1 Effective section
        4.2.2 Effective width of flanges with respect
               to shear lag
        4.2.3 Flexural stiffness
   4.3 Classification of cross-sections of beams
        4.3.1 General
        4.3.2 Classification of steel flanges in
               compression
        4.3.3 Classification of steel webs
   4.4 Resistances of cross-sections of beams
        4.4.1 Bending moment
        4.4.2 Vertical shear
        4.4.3 Bending, axial force, and vertical shear
        4.4.6 Flange-induced buckling of webs
   4.5 Global analysis for bridge structures
        4.5.1 General
        4.5.3 Elastic analysis
        4.5.4 Non-linear global analysis
   4.6 Lateral-torsional buckling of composite beams
        4.6.1 General
        4.6.2 Lateral buckling of beams with cross-sections
               in Class 1 or 2
        4.6.3 Effects of transverse frames
   4.7 Tension members in composite bridges
        4.7.1 General
        4.7.2 Concrete tension members
        4.7.3 Composite tension members
   4.8 Composite compression members
        4.8.1 Scope
        4.8.2 General method of design
        4.8.3 Simplified method of design
   4.11 Box girders
   4.12 Fatigue
        4.12.1 General
        4.12.2 Fatigue loading and partial safety factors
        4.12.3 Internal forces
        4.12.4 Stresses and stress range delta sigma[E]
        4.12.5 Fatigue resistance
        4.12.6 Simplified assessment
5 Serviceability limit states
   5.1 General
        5.1.1 Scope
        5.1.2 Classification of structures
        5.1.3 Global analysis for serviceability limit
               states
        5.1.4 Calculation of stresses in cross sections
   5.2 Limitation of stresses
   5.3 Crack and decompression control
        5.3.1 General
        5.3.2 Minimum reinforcement
        5.3.3 Control of cracking
   5.4 Deformations
   5.5 Vibration
6 Shear connection
   6.1 General
        6.1.1 Basis of design
        6.1.2 Deformation capacity of shear connectors
        6.1.3 Serviceability limit states
        6.1.4 Ultimate limit states other than fatigue
        6.1.5 Fatigue assessment based on nominal stress
               ranges
        6.1.6 Transient design situations during execution
   6.2 Longitudinal shear force
        6.2.1 General
        6.2.2 Serviceability limit states, and fatigue
        6.2.3 Ultimate limit states, other than fatigue,
               for members in Class 1 or 2
        6.2.4 Local effects of concentrated longitudinal
               shear force
        6.2.5 Temperature effects
        6.2.6 Shrinkage modified by creep
   6.3 Design resistance of shear connectors
        6.3.1 General
        6.3.2 Stud connectors in solid slabs
        6.3.3 Headed studs used with profiled steel
               sheeting
        6.3.5 Hoops in solid slabs
        6.3.6 Block connectors with hoops in solid slabs
        6.3.8 Resistance to fatigue of stud connectors in
               solid slabs
   6.4 Detailing of the shear connection
        6.4.1 General recommendations
        6.4.2 Stud connectors
        6.4.3 Headed studs used with profiled steel
               sheeting
        6.4.5 Hoop connectors
   6.5 Friction grip bolts
   6.6 Transverse reinforcement
        6.6.1 Longitudinal shear in the slab
        6.6.2 Design resistance to longitudinal shear
        6.6.3 Contribution of profiled steel sheeting
        6.6.4 Minimum transverse reinforcement in cast
               in situ solid slabs
        6.6.5 Longitudinal splitting
7 Composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting,
   and composite plates
   7.1 General
        7.1.1 Scope
   7.7 Composite plates
        7.7.1 General
        7.7.2 Design for local effects
        7.7.3 Design for global effects
        7.7.4 Design of shear connectors
8 Decks with precast concrete slabs
   8.1 General
   8.2 Actions
   8.3 Partial safety factors for materials
   8.4 Design, analysis and detailing of the bridge slab
   8.5 Joints between steel beam and concrete slab
        8.5.1 Bedding and tolerances
        8.5.2 Corrosion
        8.5.3 Shear connection and transverse reinforcement
9 Execution
   9.2 Sequence of construction
   9.4 Accuracy during construction, and quality control
        9.4.1 Static deflection during and after concreting
        9.4.3 Shear connection
        9.4.4 Composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting
10 Design assisted by testing
   10.1 General
   10.3 Testing of composite floor slabs
Annex A Reference documents (not applicable)
Annex K Filler beam decks (Normative)
   K.1 General
   K.2 Requirements
   K.3 Global analysis
   K.4 Ultimate limit states
        K.4.1 General
        K.4.2 Bending moments
        K.4.3 Vertical shear
        K.4.4 Strength and stability of steel beams during
               construction
   K.5 Serviceability limit states
        K.5.1 General
        K.5.2 Cracking of concrete
        K.5.3 Minimum reinforcement
        K.5.4 Control of cracking
   K.6 Detailing
   K.7 Half-through bridges with transverse filler beams
        K.7.1 General
        K.7.2 Analysis
        K.7.3 Shear in the direction of span of the
               transverse beams
        K.7.4 Detailing
Annex L Effects of tension stiffening in composite
        bridges (Informative)
   L.1 Scope
   L.2 Tension members in bowstring arches and trusses
   L.3 Tension members in composite beams
   L.4 Stiffness
   L.5 Calculation of the stress range in reinforcing,
        prestressing and structural steel for fatigue
        loading
        L.5.1 General
        L.5.2 Stress ranges in reinforcing and
               prestressing steel
        L.5.3 Stress ranges in structural steel
        L.5.4 Range of longitudinal shear per unit
               length, deltanu[f,E], for shear connectors