CSA ISO/IEC 9945-1 : 2005

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
1.2 Conformance
1.3 Normative References
1.4 Terminology
1.5 Portability
Chapter 2 Conformance
2.1 Implementation Conformance
2.2 Application Conformance
2.3 Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming
      Language
2.4 Other Language-Related Specifications
Chapter 3 Definitions
3.1 Abortive Release
3.2 Absolute Pathname
3.3 Access Mode
3.4 Additional File Access Control Mechanism
3.5 Address Space
3.6 Advisory Information
3.7 Affirmative Response
3.8 Alert
3.9 Alert Character ()
3.10 Alias Name
3.11 Alignment
3.12 Alternate File Access Control Mechanism
3.13 Alternate Signal Stack
3.14 Ancillary Data
3.15 Angle Brackets
3.16 Application
3.17 Application Address
3.18 Application Program Interface (API)
3.19 Appropriate Privileges
3.20 Argument
3.21 Arm (a Timer)
3.22 Asterisk
3.23 Async-Cancel-Safe Function
3.24 Asynchronous Events
3.25 Asynchronous Input and Output
3.26 Async-Signal-Safe Function
3.27 Asynchronously-Generated Signal
3.28 Asynchronous I/O Completion
3.29 Asynchronous I/O Operation
3.30 Authentication
3.31 Authorization
3.32 Background Job
3.33 Background Process
3.34 Background Process Group (or Background Job)
3.35 Backquote
3.36 Backslash
3.37 Backspace Character ()
3.38 Barrier
3.39 Base Character
3.40 Basename
3.41 Basic Regular Expression (BRE)
3.42 Batch Access List
3.43 Batch Administrator
3.44 Batch Client
3.45 Batch Destination
3.46 Batch Destination Identifier
3.47 Batch Directive
3.48 Batch Job
3.49 Batch Job Attribute
3.50 Batch Job Identifier
3.51 Batch Job Name
3.52 Batch Job Owner
3.53 Batch Job Priority
3.54 Batch Job State
3.55 Batch Name Service
3.56 Batch Name Space
3.57 Batch Node
3.58 Batch Operator
3.59 Batch Queue
3.60 Batch Queue Attribute
3.61 Batch Queue Position
3.62 Batch Queue Priority
3.63 Batch Rerunability
3.64 Batch Restart
3.65 Batch Server
3.66 Batch Server Name
3.67 Batch Service
3.68 Batch Service Request
3.69 Batch Submission
3.70 Batch System
3.71 Batch Target User
3.72 Batch User
3.73 Bind
3.74 Blank Character ()
3.75 Blank Line
3.76 Blocked Process (or Thread)
3.77 Blocking
3.78 Block-Mode Terminal
3.79 Block Special File
3.80 Braces
3.81 Brackets
3.82 Broadcast
3.83 Built-In Utility (or Built-In)
3.84 Byte
3.85 Byte Input/Output Functions
3.86 Carriage-Return Character ()
3.87 Character
3.88 Character Array
3.89 Character Class
3.90 Character Set
3.91 Character Special File
3.92 Character String
3.93 Child Process
3.94 Circumflex
3.95 Clock
3.96 Clock Jump
3.97 Clock Tick
3.98 Coded Character Set
3.99 Codeset
3.100 Collating Element
3.101 Collation
3.102 Collation Sequence
3.103 Column Position
3.104 Command
3.105 Command Language Interpreter
3.106 Composite Graphic Symbol
3.107 Condition Variable
3.108 Connection
3.109 Connection Mode
3.110 Connectionless Mode
3.111 Control Character
3.112 Control Operator
3.113 Controlling Process
3.114 Controlling Terminal
3.115 Conversion Descriptor
3.116 Core File
3.117 CPU Time (Execution Time)
3.118 CPU-Time Clock
3.119 CPU-Time Timer
3.120 Current Job
3.121 Current Working Directory
3.122 Cursor Position
3.123 Datagram
3.124 Data Segment
3.125 Deferred Batch Service
3.126 Device
3.127 Device ID
3.128 Directory
3.129 Directory Entry (or Link)
3.130 Directory Stream
3.131 Disarm (a Timer)
3.132 Display
3.133 Display Line
3.134 Dollar Sign
3.135 Dot
3.136 Dot-Dot
3.137 Double-Quote
3.138 Downshifting
3.139 Driver
3.140 Effective Group ID
3.141 Effective User ID
3.142 Eight-Bit Transparency
3.143 Empty Directory
3.144 Empty Line
3.145 Empty String (or Null String)
3.146 Empty Wide-Character String
3.147 Encoding Rule
3.148 Entire Regular Expression
3.149 Epoch
3.150 Equivalence Class
3.151 Era
3.152 Event Management
3.153 Executable File
3.154 Execute
3.155 Execution Time
3.156 Execution Time Monitoring
3.157 Expand
3.158 Extended Regular Expression (ERE)
3.159 Extended Security Controls
3.160 Feature Test Macro
3.161 Field
3.162 FIFO Special File (or FIFO)
3.163 File
3.164 File Description
3.165 File Descriptor
3.166 File Group Class
3.167 File Mode
3.168 File Mode Bits
3.169 Filename
3.170 Filename Portability
3.171 File Offset
3.172 File Other Class
3.173 File Owner Class
3.174 File Permission Bits
3.175 File Serial Number
3.176 File System
3.177 File Type
3.178 Filter
3.179 First Open (of a File)
3.180 Flow Control
3.181 Foreground Job
3.182 Foreground Process
3.183 Foreground Process Group (or Foreground Job)
3.184 Foreground Process Group ID
3.185 Form-Feed Character ()
3.186 Graphic Character
3.187 Group Database
3.188 Group ID
3.189 Group Name
3.190 Hard Limit
3.191 Hard Link
3.192 Home Directory
3.193 Host Byte Order
3.194 Incomplete Line
3.195 Inf
3.196 Instrumented Application
3.197 Interactive Shell
3.198 Internationalization
3.199 Interprocess Communication
3.200 Invoke
3.201 Job
3.202 Job Control
3.203 Job Control Job ID
3.204 Last Close (of a File)
3.205 Line
3.206 Linger
3.207 Link
3.208 Link Count
3.209 Local Customs
3.210 Local Interprocess Communication (Local IPC)
3.211 Locale
3.212 Localization
3.213 Login
3.214 Login Name
3.215 Map
3.216 Marked Message
3.217 Matched
3.218 Memory Mapped Files
3.219 Memory Object
3.220 Memory-Resident
3.221 Message
3.222 Message Catalog
3.223 Message Catalog Descriptor
3.224 Message Queue
3.225 Mode
3.226 Monotonic Clock
3.227 Mount Point
3.228 Multi-Character Collating Element
3.229 Mutex
3.230 Name
3.231 Named STREAM
3.232 NaN (Not a Number)
3.233 Native Language
3.234 Negative Response
3.235 Network
3.236 Network Address
3.237 Network Byte Order
3.238 Newline Character ()
3.239 Nice Value
3.240 Non-Blocking
3.241 Non-Spacing Characters
3.242 NULL
3.243 Null Byte
3.244 Null Pointer
3.245 Null String
3.246 Null Wide-Character Code
3.247 Number Sign
3.248 Object File
3.249 Octet
3.250 Offset Maximum
3.251 Opaque Address
3.252 Open File
3.253 Open File Description
3.254 Operand
3.255 Operator
3.256 Option
3.257 Option-Argument
3.258 Orientation
3.259 Orphaned Process Group
3.260 Page
3.261 Page Size
3.262 Parameter
3.263 Parent Directory
3.264 Parent Process
3.265 Parent Process ID
3.266 Pathname
3.267 Pathname Component
3.268 Path Prefix
3.269 Pattern
3.270 Period
3.271 Permissions
3.272 Persistence
3.273 Pipe
3.274 Polling
3.275 Portable Character Set
3.276 Portable Filename Character Set
3.277 Positional Parameter
3.278 Preallocation
3.279 Preempted Process (or Thread)
3.280 Previous Job
3.281 Printable Character
3.282 Printable File
3.283 Priority
3.284 Priority Band
3.285 Priority Inversion
3.286 Priority Scheduling
3.287 Priority-Based Scheduling
3.288 Privilege
3.289 Process
3.290 Process Group
3.291 Process Group ID
3.292 Process Group Leader
3.293 Process Group Lifetime
3.294 Process ID
3.295 Process Lifetime
3.296 Process Memory Locking
3.297 Process Termination
3.298 Process-To-Process Communication
3.299 Process Virtual Time
3.300 Program
3.301 Protocol
3.302 Pseudo-Terminal
3.303 Radix Character
3.304 Read-Only File System
3.305 Read-Write Lock
3.306 Real Group ID
3.307 Real Time
3.308 Realtime Signal Extension
3.309 Real User ID
3.310 Record
3.311 Redirection
3.312 Redirection Operator
3.313 Reentrant Function
3.314 Referenced Shared Memory Object
3.315 Refresh
3.316 Regular Expression
3.317 Region
3.318 Regular File
3.319 Relative Pathname
3.320 Relocatable File
3.321 Relocation
3.322 Requested Batch Service
3.323 (Time) Resolution
3.324 Root Directory
3.325 Runnable Process (or Thread)
3.326 Running Process (or Thread)
3.327 Saved Resource Limits
3.328 Saved Set-Group-ID
3.329 Saved Set-User-ID
3.330 Scheduling
3.331 Scheduling Allocation Domain
3.332 Scheduling Contention Scope
3.333 Scheduling Policy
3.334 Screen
3.335 Scroll
3.336 Semaphore
3.337 Session
3.338 Session Leader
3.339 Session Lifetime
3.340 Shared Memory Object
3.341 Shell
3.342 Shell, the
3.343 Shell Script
3.344 Signal
3.345 Signal Stack
3.346 Single-Quote
3.347 Slash
3.348 Socket
3.349 Socket Address
3.350 Soft Limit
3.351 Source Code
3.352 Space Character ()
3.353 Spawn
3.354 Special Built-In
3.355 Special Parameter
3.356 Spin Lock
3.357 Sporadic Server
3.358 Standard Error
3.359 Standard Input
3.360 Standard Output
3.361 Standard Utilities
3.362 Stream
3.363 STREAM
3.364 STREAM End
3.365 STREAM Head
3.366 STREAMS Multiplexor
3.367 String
3.368 Subshell
3.369 Successfully Transferred
3.370 Supplementary Group ID
3.371 Suspended Job
3.372 Symbolic Link
3.373 Synchronized Input and Output
3.374 Synchronized I/O Completion
3.375 Synchronized I/O Data Integrity Completion
3.376 Synchronized I/O File Integrity Completion
3.377 Synchronized I/O Operation
3.378 Synchronous I/O Operation
3.379 Synchronously-Generated Signal
3.380 System
3.381 System Crash
3.382 System Console
3.383 System Databases
3.384 System Documentation
3.385 System Process
3.386 System Reboot
3.387 System Trace Event
3.388 System-Wide
3.389 Tab Character ()
3.390 Terminal (or Terminal Device)
3.391 Text Column
3.392 Text File
3.393 Thread
3.394 Thread ID
3.395 Thread List
3.396 Thread-Safe
3.397 Thread-Specific Data Key
3.398 Tilde
3.399 Timeouts
3.400 Timer
3.401 Timer Overrun
3.402 Token
3.403 Trace Analyzer Process
3.404 Trace Controller Process
3.405 Trace Event
3.406 Trace Event Type
3.407 Trace Event Type Mapping
3.408 Trace Filter
3.409 Trace Generation Version
3.410 Trace Log
3.411 Trace Point
3.412 Trace Stream
3.413 Trace Stream Identifier
3.414 Trace System
3.415 Traced Process
3.416 Tracing Status of a Trace Stream
3.417 Typed Memory Name Space
3.418 Typed Memory Object
3.419 Typed Memory Pool
3.420 Typed Memory Port
3.421 Unbind
3.422 Unit Data
3.423 Upshifting
3.424 User Database
3.425 User ID
3.426 User Name
3.427 User Trace Event
3.428 Utility
3.429 Variable
3.430 Vertical-Tab Character ()
3.431 White Space
3.432 Wide-Character Code (C Language)
3.433 Wide-Character Input/Output Functions
3.434 Wide-Character String
3.435 Word
3.436 Working Directory (or Current Working Directory)
3.437 Worldwide Portability Interface
3.438 Write
3.439 XSI
3.440 XSI-Conformant
3.441 Zombie Process
3.442 +/-0
Chapter 4 General Concepts
4.1 Concurrent Execution
4.2 Directory Protection
4.3 Extended Security Controls
4.4 File Access Permissions
4.5 File Hierarchy
4.6 Filenames
4.7 File Times Update
4.8 Host and Network Byte Orders
4.9 Measurement of Execution Time
4.10 Memory Synchronization
4.11 Pathname Resolution
4.12 Process ID Reuse
4.13 Scheduling Policy
4.14 Seconds Since the Epoch
4.15 Semaphore
4.16 Thread-Safety
4.17 Tracing
4.18 Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions
4.19 Treatment of NaN Arguments for the Mathematical Functions
4.20 Utility
4.21 Variable Assignment
Chapter 5 File Format Notation
Chapter 6 Character Set
6.1 Portable Character Set
6.2 Character Encoding
6.3 C Language Wide-Character Codes
6.4 Character Set Description File
Chapter 7 Locale
7.1 General
7.2 POSIX Locale
7.3 Locale Definition
7.4 Locale Definition Grammar
Chapter 8 Environment Variables
8.1 Environment Variable Definition
8.2 Internationalization Variables
8.3 Other Environment Variables
Chapter 9 Regular Expressions
9.1 Regular Expression Definitions
9.2 Regular Expression General Requirements
9.3 Basic Regular Expressions
9.4 Extended Regular Expressions
9.5 Regular Expression Grammar
Chapter 10 Directory Structure and Devices
10.1 Directory Structure and Files
10.2 Output Devices and Terminal Types
Chapter 11 General Terminal Interface
11.1 Interface Characteristics
11.2 Parameters that Can be Set
Chapter 12 Utility Conventions
12.1 Utility Argument Syntax
12.2 Utility Syntax Guidelines
Chapter 13 Headers
13.1 Format of entries
Index
List of Tables